# 术语表

下表列出了书中出现的重要术语。建议记住各个名词的英文叫法，以便阅读英文文献。

<p align="center"> 表 <id> &nbsp; 数据结构与算法的重要名词 </p>

| English                        | 简体中文       |
| ------------------------------ | -------------- |
| algorithm                      | 算法           |
| data structure                 | 数据结构       |
| code                           | 代码           |
| file                           | 文件           |
| function                       | 函数           |
| method                         | 方法           |
| variable                       | 变量           |
| asymptotic complexity analysis | 渐近复杂度分析 |
| time complexity                | 时间复杂度     |
| space complexity               | 空间复杂度     |
| loop                           | 循环           |
| iteration                      | 迭代           |
| recursion                      | 递归           |
| tail recursion                 | 尾递归         |
| recursion tree                 | 递归树         |
| big-$O$ notation               | 大 $O$ 记号    |
| asymptotic upper bound         | 渐近上界       |
| sign-magnitude                 | 原码           |
| 1’s complement                 | 反码           |
| 2’s complement                 | 补码           |
| array                          | 数组           |
| index                          | 索引           |
| linked list                    | 链表           |
| linked list node, list node    | 链表节点       |
| head node                      | 头节点         |
| tail node                      | 尾节点         |
| list                           | 列表           |
| dynamic array                  | 动态数组       |
| hard disk                      | 硬盘           |
| random-access memory (RAM)     | 内存           |
| cache memory                   | 缓存           |
| cache miss                     | 缓存未命中     |
| cache hit rate                 | 缓存命中率     |
| stack                          | 栈             |
| top of the stack               | 栈顶           |
| bottom of the stack            | 栈底           |
| queue                          | 队列           |
| double-ended queue             | 双向队列       |
| front of the queue             | 队首           |
| rear of the queue              | 队尾           |
| hash table                     | 哈希表         |
| hash set                       | 哈希集合       |
| bucket                         | 桶             |
| hash function                  | 哈希函数       |
| hash collision                 | 哈希冲突       |
| load factor                    | 负载因子       |
| separate chaining              | 链式地址       |
| open addressing                | 开放寻址       |
| linear probing                 | 线性探测       |
| lazy deletion                  | 懒删除         |
| binary tree                    | 二叉树         |
| tree node                      | 树节点         |
| left-child node                | 左子节点       |
| right-child node               | 右子节点       |
| parent node                    | 父节点         |
| left subtree                   | 左子树         |
| right subtree                  | 右子树         |
| root node                      | 根节点         |
| leaf node                      | 叶节点         |
| edge                           | 边             |
| level                          | 层             |
| degree                         | 度             |
| height                         | 高度           |
| depth                          | 深度           |
| perfect binary tree            | 完美二叉树     |
| complete binary tree           | 完全二叉树     |
| full binary tree               | 完满二叉树     |
| balanced binary tree           | 平衡二叉树     |
| binary search tree             | 二叉搜索树     |
| AVL tree                       | AVL 树         |
| red-black tree                 | 红黑树         |
| level-order traversal          | 层序遍历       |
| breadth-first traversal        | 广度优先遍历   |
| depth-first traversal          | 深度优先遍历   |
| binary search tree             | 二叉搜索树     |
| balanced binary search tree    | 平衡二叉搜索树 |
| balance factor                 | 平衡因子       |
| heap                           | 堆             |
| max heap                       | 大顶堆         |
| min heap                       | 小顶堆         |
| priority queue                 | 优先队列       |
| heapify                        | 堆化           |
| top-$k$ problem                | Top-$k$ 问题   |
| graph                          | 图             |
| vertex                         | 顶点           |
| undirected graph               | 无向图         |
| directed graph                 | 有向图         |
| connected graph                | 连通图         |
| disconnected graph             | 非连通图       |
| weighted graph                 | 有权图         |
| adjacency                      | 邻接           |
| path                           | 路径           |
| in-degree                      | 入度           |
| out-degree                     | 出度           |
| adjacency matrix               | 邻接矩阵       |
| adjacency list                 | 邻接表         |
| breadth-first search           | 广度优先搜索   |
| depth-first search             | 深度优先搜索   |
| binary search                  | 二分查找       |
| searching algorithm            | 搜索算法       |
| sorting algorithm              | 排序算法       |
| selection sort                 | 选择排序       |
| bubble sort                    | 冒泡排序       |
| insertion sort                 | 插入排序       |
| quick sort                     | 快速排序       |
| merge sort                     | 归并排序       |
| heap sort                      | 堆排序         |
| bucket sort                    | 桶排序         |
| counting sort                  | 计数排序       |
| radix sort                     | 基数排序       |
| divide and conquer             | 分治           |
| hanota problem                 | 汉诺塔问题     |
| backtracking algorithm         | 回溯算法       |
| constraint                     | 约束           |
| solution                       | 解             |
| state                          | 状态           |
| pruning                        | 剪枝           |
| permutations problem           | 全排列问题     |
| subset-sum problem             | 子集和问题     |
| $n$-queens problem             | $n$ 皇后问题   |
| dynamic programming            | 动态规划       |
| initial state                  | 初始状态       |
| state-transition equation      | 状态转移方程   |
| knapsack problem               | 背包问题       |
| edit distance problem          | 编辑距离问题   |
| greedy algorithm               | 贪心算法       |