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<div><h1>04 WebFlux 整合 MongoDB</h1>
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<h3>前言</h3>
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<p>上一课的内容讲解了用 Map 数据结构内存式存储了数据，这样数据就不会持久化，本文我们用 MongoDB 来实现 WebFlux 对数据源的操作。</p>
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<p>什么是 MongoDB？<a href="https://www.mongodb.com/">详见官网</a>。</p>
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<p>MongoDB 是一个基于分布式文件存储的数据库，由 C++ 语言编写，旨在为 Web 应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。</p>
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<p>MongoDB 是一个介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的产品，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系数据库。</p>
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<p>由于操作方便，本文用 Docker 启动一个 MognoDB 服务。如果 Docker 不会安装，请参考此文：<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/f272726db9c5">Docker 安装与基本操作</a>。</p>
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<p><strong>Docker 安装 MognoDB 并启动如下。</strong></p>
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<p>（1）创建挂载目录：</p>
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<pre><code>docker volume create mongo_data_db
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docker volume create mongo_data_configdb
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</code></pre>
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<p>（2）启动 MognoDB：</p>
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<pre><code>docker run -d \
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--name mongo \
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-v mongo_data_configdb:/data/configdb \
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-v mongo_data_db:/data/db \
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-p 27017:27017 \
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mongo \
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--auth
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</code></pre>
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<p>（3）初始化管理员账号：</p>
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<pre><code>docker exec -it mongo mongo admin
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// 容器名 // mongo命令 数据库名
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# 创建最高权限用户
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db.createUser({ user: 'admin', pwd: 'admin', roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ] });
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</code></pre>
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<p>（4）测试连通性：</p>
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<pre><code>docker run -it --rm --link mongo:mongo mongo mongo -u admin -p admin --authenticationDatabase admin mongo/admin
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</code></pre>
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<h4>MognoDB 基本操作</h4>
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<p>类似 MySQL 命令，显示库列表：</p>
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<pre><code>show dbs
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</code></pre>
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<p>使用某数据库：</p>
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<pre><code>use admin
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</code></pre>
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<p>显示表列表：</p>
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<pre><code>show collections
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</code></pre>
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<p>如果存在 city 表，格式化显示 city 表内容：</p>
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<pre><code>db.city.find().pretty()
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</code></pre>
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<h3>结构</h3>
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<p>类似上面讲的工程搭建，新建一个工程编写此案例。工程如图：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/02b199c85e5548663557753d48f4b95c1523803.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>目录核心如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>pom.xml maven 配置；</li>
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<li>application.properties 配置文件；</li>
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<li>dao 数据访问层，本文要点。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>新增 POM 依赖与配置</h3>
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<p>在 pom.xml 配置新的依赖：</p>
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<pre><code> <!-- Spring Boot 响应式 MongoDB 依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb-reactive</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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</code></pre>
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<p>类似配了 MySQL 和 JDBC 驱动，肯定得去配置数据库。在 application.properties 配置下上面启动的 MongoDB 配置：</p>
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<p>数据库名为 admin，账号密码也为 admin。</p>
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<pre><code>spring.data.mongodb.host=localhost
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spring.data.mongodb.database=admin
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spring.data.mongodb.port=27017
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spring.data.mongodb.username=admin
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spring.data.mongodb.password=admin
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</code></pre>
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<p>这就一个巨大的问题了，为啥不用我们常用的 MySQL 数据库呢？</p>
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<p>答案是 Spring Data Reactive Repositories 目前支持 Mongo、Cassandra、Redis、Couchbase。不支持 MySQL，那究竟为啥呢？那就说明下 JDBC 和 Spring Data 的关系。</p>
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<p>Spring Data Reactive Repositories 突出点是 Reactive，即非阻塞的。区别如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>基于 JDBC 实现的 Spring Data，比如 Spring Data JPA 是阻塞的。原理是基于阻塞 IO 模型 消耗每个调用数据库的线程（Connection）。</li>
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<li>事务只能在一个 java.sql.Connection 使用，即一个事务一个操作。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>那如何异步非阻塞封装下 JDBC 的思想也不新鲜，Scala 库 Slick 3 就实现了。简单的实现原理如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>一个事务多个操作，那么共享一个 java.sql.Connection，可以使用透明事务管理，利用回调编程模型去传递。</li>
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<li>保持有限的空闲连接。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>最后，我坚信非阻塞 JDBC 很快就会出现的，这样我们就开心的调用 MySQL 了。</p>
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<h3>对象</h3>
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<p>修改 org.spring.springboot.domain 包里面的城市实体对象类。修改城市（City）对象 City，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code>import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
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/**
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* 城市实体类
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*
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*/
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public class City {
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/**
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* 城市编号
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*/
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@Id
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private Long id;
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/**
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* 省份编号
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*/
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private Long provinceId;
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/**
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* 城市名称
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*/
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private String cityName;
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/**
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* 描述
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*/
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private String description;
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public Long getId() {
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return id;
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}
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public void setId(Long id) {
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this.id = id;
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}
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public Long getProvinceId() {
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return provinceId;
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}
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public void setProvinceId(Long provinceId) {
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this.provinceId = provinceId;
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}
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public String getCityName() {
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return cityName;
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}
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public void setCityName(String cityName) {
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this.cityName = cityName;
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}
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public String getDescription() {
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return description;
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}
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public void setDescription(String description) {
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this.description = description;
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>@Id 注解标记对应库表的主键或者唯一标识符。因为这个是我们的 DO，数据访问对象一一映射到数据存储。</p>
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<h3>MongoDB 数据访问层 CityRepository</h3>
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<p>修改 CityRepository 类，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code>import org.spring.springboot.domain.City;
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import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.ReactiveMongoRepository;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
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@Repository
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public interface CityRepository extends ReactiveMongoRepository<City, Long> {
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>CityRepository 接口只要继承 ReactiveMongoRepository 类即可，默认会提供很多实现，比如 CRUD 和列表查询参数相关的实现。ReactiveMongoRepository 接口默认实现了如下：</p>
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<pre><code> <S extends T> Mono<S> insert(S var1);
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<S extends T> Flux<S> insert(Iterable<S> var1);
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<S extends T> Flux<S> insert(Publisher<S> var1);
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<S extends T> Flux<S> findAll(Example<S> var1);
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<S extends T> Flux<S> findAll(Example<S> var1, Sort var2);
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</code></pre>
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<p>如图，ReactiveMongoRepository 的集成类 ReactiveSortingRepository、ReactiveCrudRepository 实现了很多常用的接口：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/40689f2921c9e1289a03e12acef6b80e1523882.png" alt="file" /></p>
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<p>ReactiveCrudRepository 接口如图所示：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/428841a694e29b128fa99d93bc9fcb391523882.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>另外可以看出，接口的命名是遵循规范的，常用命名规则如下：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">关键字</th>
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<th align="left">方法命名</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">And</td>
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<td align="left">findByNameAndPwd</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">Or</td>
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<td align="left">findByNameOrSex</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">Is</td>
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<td align="left">findById</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">Between</td>
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<td align="left">findByIdBetween</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">Like</td>
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<td align="left">findByNameLike</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">NotLike</td>
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<td align="left">findByNameNotLike</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">OrderBy</td>
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<td align="left">findByIdOrderByXDesc</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">Not</td>
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<td align="left">findByNameNot</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>常用案例，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code> Flux<Person> findByLastname(String lastname);
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@Query("{ 'firstname': ?0, 'lastname': ?1}")
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Mono<Person> findByFirstnameAndLastname(String firstname, String lastname);
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// Accept parameter inside a reactive type for deferred execution
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Flux<Person> findByLastname(Mono<String> lastname);
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Mono<Person> findByFirstnameAndLastname(Mono<String> firstname, String lastname);
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@Tailable // Use a tailable cursor
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Flux<Person> findWithTailableCursorBy();
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</code></pre>
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<h4>源码层面</h4>
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<p>ReactiveCrudRepository 抽象在 reactive 包，如图：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/ab17d9ea07db0b4fc9b5d310655b98f51523883.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>这里我们可以看出，支持了 Reactive 还支持了 RxJava。对应老的 CrudRepository 新增了 ReactiveCrudRepository 接口及各种存储实现。</p>
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<h3>处理器类 Handler 和控制器类 Controller</h3>
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<p>修改下 Handler，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code>@Component
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public class CityHandler {
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private final CityRepository cityRepository;
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@Autowired
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public CityHandler(CityRepository cityRepository) {
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this.cityRepository = cityRepository;
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}
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public Mono<City> save(City city) {
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return cityRepository.save(city);
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}
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public Mono<City> findCityById(Long id) {
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return cityRepository.findById(id);
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}
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public Flux<City> findAllCity() {
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return cityRepository.findAll();
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}
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public Mono<City> modifyCity(City city) {
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return cityRepository.save(city);
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}
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public Mono<Long> deleteCity(Long id) {
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cityRepository.deleteById(id);
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return Mono.create(cityMonoSink -> cityMonoSink.success(id));
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>不要对 Mono、Flux 陌生，把它当成对象即可。继续修改控制器类 Controller，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code>@RestController
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@RequestMapping(value = "/city")
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public class CityWebFluxController {
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@Autowired
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private CityHandler cityHandler;
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@GetMapping(value = "/{id}")
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public Mono<City> findCityById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
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return cityHandler.findCityById(id);
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}
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@GetMapping()
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public Flux<City> findAllCity() {
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return cityHandler.findAllCity();
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}
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@PostMapping()
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public Mono<City> saveCity(@RequestBody City city) {
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return cityHandler.save(city);
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}
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@PutMapping()
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public Mono<City> modifyCity(@RequestBody City city) {
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return cityHandler.modifyCity(city);
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||
}
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@DeleteMapping(value = "/{id}")
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||
public Mono<Long> deleteCity(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
|
||
return cityHandler.deleteCity(id);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3>运行工程</h3>
|
||
<p>一个 CRUD 的 Spring Boot WebFlux 工程就开发完毕了，下面运行工程验证下。使用 IDEA 右侧工具栏，单击 Maven Project Tab 选项，点击使用 Maven 插件的 install 命令。或者使用命令行的形式，在工程根目录下，执行 Maven 清理和安装工程的指令：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>cd springboot-webflux-3-mongodb
|
||
mvn clean install
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>在控制台中看到成功的输出：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>... 省略
|
||
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
|
||
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
[INFO] Total time: 01:30 min
|
||
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-15T10:00:54+08:00
|
||
[INFO] Final Memory: 31M/174M
|
||
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>在 IDEA 中执行 Application 类启动，任意正常模式或者 Debug 模式，可以在控制台看到成功运行的输出：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>... 省略
|
||
2018-04-10 08:43:39.932 INFO 2052 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.ipc.netty.tcp.BlockingNettyContext : Started HttpServer on /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080
|
||
2018-04-10 08:43:39.935 INFO 2052 --- [ main] o.s.b.web.embedded.netty.NettyWebServer : Netty started on port(s): 8080
|
||
2018-04-10 08:43:39.960 INFO 2052 --- [ main] org.spring.springboot.Application : Started Application in 6.547 seconds (JVM running for 9.851)
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>打开 POST MAN 工具，开发必备。进行下面操作。</p>
|
||
<p>新增城市信息 POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/city。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="assets/f69fa5b09730de686ef4837824da48e71523883.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
<h4>连接 MongoDB，验证数据</h4>
|
||
<p>连接 MongoDB：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>docker run -it --rm --link mongo:mongo mongo mongo -u admin -p admin --authenticationDatabase admin mongo/admin
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><img src="assets/5d6d5003dcde1e358ab3a0a47ca08f951523884.png" alt="file" /></p>
|
||
<p>显示库列表：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>show dbs
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>使用某数据库：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>use admin
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示表列表：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>show collections
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>如果存在 city 表，格式化显示 city 表内容：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>db.city.find().pretty()
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><img src="assets/093c97deaa04b8855291fcb9765edd011523884.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
<h3>总结</h3>
|
||
<p>这里探讨了 Spring WebFlux 的如何整合 MongoDB，整合其他存储 Cassandra、Redis、Couchbase 就大同小异了。下面，我们已经可以整合 Thymeleaf，更好的页面展示给大家，顺便让大家学习下 Thymeleaf 的基本用法。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
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