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<div><h1>05 WebFlux 整合 Thymeleaf</h1>
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<p>上一篇介绍的是用 MongoDB 来实现 WebFlux 对数据源的操作，那么有了数据需要渲染到前台给用户展示，这就是本文关心的 View 层，View 的表现形式有很多，比如 JSON 和 HTML。开发中常用模板语言很常见的有 Thymeleaf、Freemarker等，那什么是模板语言？</p>
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<p>常见的模板语言都包含以下几个概念：数据（Data）、模板（Template）、模板引擎（Template Engine）和结果文档（Result Documents）。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>数据</li>
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</ul>
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<p>数据是信息的表现形式和载体，可以是符号、文字、数字、语音、图像、视频等。数据和信息是不可分离的，数据是信息的表达，信息是数据的内涵。数据本身没有意义，数据只有对实体行为产生影响时才成为信息。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>模板</li>
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</ul>
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<p>模板，是一个蓝图，即一个与类型无关的类。编译器在使用模板时，会根据模板实参对模板进行实例化，得到一个与类型相关的类。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>模板引擎</li>
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</ul>
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<p>模板引擎（这里特指用于 Web 开发的模板引擎）是为了使用户界面与业务数据（内容）分离而产生的，它可以生成特定格式的文档，用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的 HTML 文档。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>结果文档</li>
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</ul>
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<p>一种特定格式的文档，比如用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的 HTML 文档。</p>
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<p>模板语言用途广泛，常见的用途如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>页面渲染</li>
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<li>文档生成</li>
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<li>代码生成</li>
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<li>所有 “数据+模板=文本” 的应用场景</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Spring Boot 推荐使用的模板语言是 Thymeleaf，那什么是 Thymeleaf？</p>
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<p>官方的解释如下：</p>
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<pre><code>Thymeleaf is a modern server-side Java template engine for both web and standalone environments.
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</code></pre>
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<p>Thymeleaf 是现代的模板语言引擎，可以独立运行也可以服务于 Web，主要目标是为开发提供天然的模板，并且能在 HTML 里面准确的显示。</p>
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<p>Thymeleaf 是新一代 Java 模板引擎，在 Spring 4 后推荐使用。目前是 Spring 5 自然更加推荐。</p>
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<h3>结构</h3>
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<p>类似上面讲的工程搭建，新建一个工程编写此案例，工程图如图所示：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/3b8c0edab9491e422bef6003299895911524185.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>目录如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>org.spring.springboot.webflux.controller：Controller 层</li>
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<li>org.spring.springboot.dao：数据操作层 DAO</li>
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<li>org.spring.springboot.domain：实体类</li>
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<li>org.spring.springboot.handler：业务逻辑层</li>
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<li>Application：应用启动类</li>
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<li>application.properties：应用配置文件</li>
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<li>pom.xml maven 配置</li>
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<li>application.properties 配置文件</li>
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</ul>
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<p>模板是会用到下面两个目录：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>static 目录是存放 CSS、JS 等资源文件；</li>
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<li>templates 目录是存放视图。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>本文重点在 Controller 层 和 templates 视图的编写。</p>
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<h3>新增 POM 依赖与配置</h3>
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<p>在 pom.xml 配置新的依赖：</p>
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<pre><code> <dependencies>
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<!-- Spring Boot Web Flux 依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<!-- 模板引擎 Thymeleaf 依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Spring Boot Test 依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Junit -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>junit</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
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<version>4.12</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</code></pre>
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<p>这里我们增加了 Thymeleaf 依赖，但不用在 application.properties - 应用配置文件中配置任何配置。默认启动其默认配置，如需修改配置参考 Thymeleaf 依赖配置，如下：</p>
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<pre><code>spring.thymeleaf.cache=true # Enable template caching.
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spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true # Check that the template exists before rendering it.
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spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true # Check that the templates location exists.
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spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true # Enable Thymeleaf view resolution for Web frameworks.
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spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8 # Template files encoding.
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spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names that should be excluded from resolution.
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spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5 # Template mode to be applied to templates. See also StandardTemplateModeHandlers.
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spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/ # Prefix that gets prepended to view names when building a URL.
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spring.thymeleaf.reactive.max-chunk-size= # Maximum size of data buffers used for writing to the response, in bytes.
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spring.thymeleaf.reactive.media-types= # Media types supported by the view technology.
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spring.thymeleaf.servlet.content-type=text/html # Content-Type value written to HTTP responses.
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spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html # Suffix that gets appended to view names when building a URL.
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spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order= # Order of the template resolver in the chain.
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spring.thymeleaf.view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names that can be resolved.
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</code></pre>
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<p>包括常用的编码、是否开启缓存等等。</p>
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<h3>WebFlux 中使用 Thymeleaf</h3>
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<p>在 CityWebFluxController 控制层，添加两个方法如下：</p>
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<pre><code> @GetMapping("/hello")
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public Mono<String> hello(final Model model) {
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model.addAttribute("name", "泥瓦匠");
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model.addAttribute("city", "浙江温岭");
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String path = "hello";
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return Mono.create(monoSink -> monoSink.success(path));
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}
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private static final String CITY_LIST_PATH_NAME = "cityList";
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@GetMapping("/page/list")
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public String listPage(final Model model) {
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final Flux<City> cityFluxList = cityHandler.findAllCity();
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model.addAttribute("cityList", cityFluxList);
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return CITY_LIST_PATH_NAME;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>解释下语法：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>返回值 Mono 或者 String 都行，但是 Mono 代表着我这个返回 View 也是回调的。</li>
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<li>return 字符串，该字符串对应的目录在 resources/templates 下的模板名字。</li>
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<li>Model 对象来进行数据绑定到视图。</li>
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<li>一般会集中用常量管理模板视图的路径。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Tymeleaf 视图</h3>
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<p>然后编写两个视图 hello 和 cityList，代码分别如下。</p>
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<p>hello.html：</p>
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<pre><code><!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<title>欢迎页面</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 >你好，欢迎来自<p th:text="${city}"></p>的<p th:text="${name}"></p></h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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</code></pre>
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<p>cityList.html：</p>
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<pre><code><!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<title>城市列表</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div>
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<table>
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<legend>
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<strong>城市列表</strong>
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</legend>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>城市编号</th>
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<th>省份编号</th>
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<th>名称</th>
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<th>描述</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr th:each="city : ${cityList}">
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<td th:text="${city.id}"></td>
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<td th:text="${city.provinceId}"></td>
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<td th:text="${city.cityName}"></td>
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<td th:text="${city.description}"></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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</code></pre>
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<p>常用语法糖如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>${...}：变量表达式；</li>
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<li>th:text：处理 Tymeleaf 表达式；</li>
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<li>th:each：遍历表达式，可遍历的对象有，实现 java.util.Iterable、java.util.Map（遍历时取 java.util.Map.Entry）、array 等。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>还有很多使用，可以参考<a href="http://www.thymeleaf.org/documentation.html">官方文档</a>。</p>
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<h3>运行工程</h3>
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<p>下面运行工程验证下，使用 IDEA 右侧工具栏，点击 Maven Project Tab ，点击使用下 Maven 插件的 install 命令；或者使用命令行的形式，在工程根目录下，执行 Maven 清理和安装工程的指令：</p>
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<pre><code>cd springboot-webflux-4-thymeleaf
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mvn clean install
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</code></pre>
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<p>在控制台中看到成功的输出：</p>
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<pre><code>... 省略
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[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
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[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[INFO] Total time: 01:30 min
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[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-15T10:00:54+08:00
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[INFO] Final Memory: 31M/174M
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[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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</code></pre>
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<p>在 IDEA 中执行 Application 类启动，任意正常模式或者 Debug 模式，可以在控制台看到成功运行的输出：</p>
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<pre><code>... 省略
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2018-04-10 08:43:39.932 INFO 2052 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.ipc.netty.tcp.BlockingNettyContext : Started HttpServer on /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080
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2018-04-10 08:43:39.935 INFO 2052 --- [ main] o.s.b.web.embedded.netty.NettyWebServer : Netty started on port(s): 8080
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2018-04-10 08:43:39.960 INFO 2052 --- [ main] org.spring.springboot.Application : Started Application in 6.547 seconds (JVM running for 9.851)
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</code></pre>
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<p>打开浏览器，访问 http://localhost:8080/city/hello ，可以看到如图的响应：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/9e0580fa073aa29426bda0aab4f41da51524186.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>继续访问 http://localhost:8080/city/page/list , 发现没有值，那么按照上一讲插入几条数据即可有值，如图：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/66e6502b86c02a83bf56daa93eb9bc1a1524186.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h3>总结</h3>
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<p>这里探讨了 Spring WebFlux 的如何整合 Thymeleaf，整合其他模板语言 Thymeleaf、Freemarker，就大同小异了。下面，我们可以整合 Thymeleaf 和 MongoBD 来实现一个整体的简单案例。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<div style="float: left">
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