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<a href="/专栏/案例上手 Spring Boot WebFlux（完）/01 导读：课程概要.md">01 导读：课程概要.md.html</a>
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<div><h1>10 WebFlux 集成测试及部署</h1>
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<h3>前言</h3>
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<p>在日常工作中，免不了自测 UT，因为覆盖率不达标，是不允许提交测试，那怎么进行 WebFlux 项目的测试呢。@WebFluxTest 是 WebFlux 测试的重要注解。</p>
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<h3>结构</h3>
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<p>回到这个工程中，使用 springboot-webflux-3-mongodb 工程，工程如图：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/015e1df4d8af293c1ee69c79446b00271525498.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>目录核心如下：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>pom.xml 添加 Test 相关依赖；</li>
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<li>test / CityWebFluxControllerTest WebFlux API 测试类；</li>
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</ul>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/JeffLi1993/springboot-learning-example">代码 GiHub 详见这里</a>。</p>
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<h3>POM 依赖</h3>
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<p>pom.xml 添加对应的测试依赖：</p>
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<pre><code> <!-- Spring Boot Test 依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
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<artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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</code></pre>
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<h3>CityWebFluxControllerTest WebFlux API 测试类</h3>
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<p>@WebFluxTest 用于测试 Spring WebFlux 控制器，支持自动配置 Spring WebFlux 基础组件，可以限制扫描范围等。</p>
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<p>代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code>@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
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@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
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public class CityWebFluxControllerTest {
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@Autowired
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private WebTestClient webClient;
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private static Map<String, City> cityMap = new HashMap<>();
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@BeforeClass
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public static void setup() throws Exception {
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City wl = new City();
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wl.setId(1L);
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wl.setProvinceId(2L);
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wl.setCityName("WL");
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wl.setDescription("WL IS GOOD");
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cityMap.put("WL", wl);
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}
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@Test
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public void testSave() throws Exception {
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City expectCity = webClient.post().uri("/city")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
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.body(BodyInserters.fromObject(cityMap.get("WL")))
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.exchange()
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.expectStatus().isOk()
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.expectBody(City.class).returnResult().getResponseBody();
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Assert.assertNotNull(expectCity);
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Assert.assertEquals(expectCity.getId(), cityMap.get("WL").getId());
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Assert.assertEquals(expectCity.getCityName(), cityMap.get("WL").getCityName());
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>代码详解：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>@WebFluxTest 注入了 WebTestClient 对象，用于测试 WebFlux 控制器，好处是快速，并无需启动完整 HTTP 容器。</li>
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<li>WebTestClient.post() 方法构造了 POST 测试请求，并使用 uri 指定路由。</li>
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<li>expectStatus() 用于验证返回状态是否为 ok()，即 200 返回码。</li>
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<li>expectBody(City.class) 用于验证返回对象体是为 City 对象，并利用 returnResult 获取对象。</li>
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<li>Assert 是以前我们常用的断言方法验证测试结果。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>运行 Test，得到如图验证结果：</p>
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<p><img src="assets/da3ec656da4450f7042ecd20238735401525498.png" alt="file" /></p>
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<h3>工程运行方式</h3>
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<p>了解工程服务器部署，先了解工程如何运行。</p>
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<p>上面使用应用启动类运行工程，这是其中一种工程运行方式。Spring Boot 应用的运行方式很简单，下面介绍下这三种运行方式。</p>
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<h4>1. 使用应用启动类</h4>
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<p>在 IDEA 中直接执行应用启动类，来运行 Spring Boot 应用，日常开发中，会经常使用这种方式启动应用。常用的会有 Debug 启动模式，方便在开发中进行代码调试和 bug 处理。自然，Debug 启动模式会比正常模式稍微慢一些。</p>
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<h4>2. 使用 Maven 运行</h4>
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<p>通过 Maven 运行，需要配置 Spring Boot Maven 插件，在 pom.xml 配置文件中，新增 build 节点并配置插件 spring-boot-maven-plugin，代码如下：</p>
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<pre><code><build>
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<plugins>
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<!-- Spring Boot Maven 插件 -->
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
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</code></pre>
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<p>在工程根目录中，运行如下 Maven 命令来运行 Spring Boot 应用：</p>
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<pre><code>mvn spring-boot:run
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</code></pre>
|
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<p>实际调用的是 pom.xml 配置的 Spring Boot Maven 插件 spring-boot-maven-plugin，上面执行了插件提供的 run 指令。也可以在 IDEA 右侧工具栏的 Maven Project Tab 中，找到 Maven 插件的 spring-boot-maven-plugin，执行相应的指令。所有指令如下：</p>
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<pre><code># 生成构建信息文件
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spring-boot:build-info
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# 帮助信息
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spring-boot:help
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# 重新打包
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spring-boot:repackage
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# 运行工程
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spring-boot:run
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# 将工程集成到集成测试阶段，进行工程的声明周期管理
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spring-boot:start
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spring-boot:stop
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||
</code></pre>
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<h4>3. 使用 Java 命令运行</h4>
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<p>使用 Maven 或者 Gradle 安装工程，生成可执行的工程 jar 后，运行如下 Java 命令来运行 Spring Boot 应用：</p>
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|
||
<pre><code>java -jar target/xxx.jar
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>这里运行了 spring-boot-maven-plugin 插件编译出来的可执行 jar 文件。通过上述三种方式都可以成功运行 Spring Boot 工程，成功运行输出的控制台信息如图 1-10 所示。</p>
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||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/0f234db300ec389786b1a7e55b7bb5ec1515130.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h3>工程服务器部署</h3>
|
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<p>基础环境安装如上面说的，需要 JDK 环境、Maven 环境等。</p>
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<h4>Win 服务器</h4>
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<p>推荐使用 AlwaysUp：</p>
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||
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||
<p><img src="assets/91b7d3d4b629f5b7475b7b0d92f3db491516073.png" alt="img" /></p>
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||
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<p>使用方式也很简单：</p>
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||
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||
<p><img src="assets/24b98badfdad8d24bd5a1c46c3e012fd1516073.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h4>Linux 服务器</h4>
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<p>推荐 yum 安装基础环境，比如安装 JDK：</p>
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||
|
||
<pre><code>yum -y list java*
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||
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*
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java -version
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||
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||
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||
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||
</code></pre>
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|
||
<p>安装 Maven：</p>
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||
|
||
<pre><code>yum -y list apache-maven
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|
||
sudo wget http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/dchen/apache-maven/epel-apache-maven.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-apache-maven.repo
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sudo yum install -y apache-maven
|
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|
||
mvn --v
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>Linux 使用 nohup 命令进行对后台程序的启动关闭。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>关闭应用的脚本：stop.sh</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/87aed0bf416fc6ed134bf324f744558b1516073.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>启动应用的脚本：start.sh</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/c1b800203d816380d24b03c9b4f72a311516073.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>重启应用的脚本：stop.sh</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/712242d8401da8fa9b9842628890ed2a1516073.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>总结</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>这一篇主要一起实践了简单的 WebFlux API 控制层的测试，Service 测试 Mock 和以前一样，以及工程运行、服务器部署的操作。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>工程：springboot-webflux-9-test。</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div>
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|
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