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sidebar.classList.remove('show')
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<div><h1>09 查询：DSL查询之Term详解</h1>
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<h2>Term查询引入</h2>
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<p>如前文所述，查询分基于文本查询和基于词项的查询:</p>
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<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-full-text-3.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<p>本文主要讲基于词项的查询。</p>
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<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-1.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h2>Term查询</h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>很多比较常用，也不难，就是需要结合实例理解。这里综合官方文档的内容，我设计一个测试场景的数据，以覆盖所有例子。@pdai</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>准备数据</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">PUT /test-dsl-term-level
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"type": "keyword"
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},
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"programming_languages": {
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"type": "keyword"
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},
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"required_matches": {
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"type": "long"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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POST /test-dsl-term-level/_bulk
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{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
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{"name": "Jane Smith", "programming_languages": [ "c++", "java" ], "required_matches": 2}
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{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
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{"name": "Jason Response", "programming_languages": [ "java", "php" ], "required_matches": 2}
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{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
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{"name": "Dave Pdai", "programming_languages": [ "java", "c++", "php" ], "required_matches": 3, "remarks": "hello world"}
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</code></pre>
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<h3>字段是否存在:exist</h3>
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<p>由于多种原因，文档字段的索引值可能不存在：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>源JSON中的字段是null或[]</li>
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<li>该字段已"index" : false在映射中设置</li>
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<li>字段值的长度超出ignore_above了映射中的设置</li>
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<li>字段值格式错误，并且ignore_malformed已在映射中定义</li>
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</ul>
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<p>所以exist表示查找是否存在字段。</p>
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<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-2.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h3>id查询:ids</h3>
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<p>ids 即对id查找</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
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{
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||
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"query": {
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"ids": {
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||
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"values": [3, 1]
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||
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}
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||
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||
}
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||
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||
}
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||
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</code></pre>
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<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-3.png" alt="img" /></p>
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<h3>前缀:prefix</h3>
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||
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<p>通过前缀查找某个字段</p>
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||
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||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
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{
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||
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"query": {
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||
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"prefix": {
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||
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"name": {
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||
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"value": "Jan"
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||
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||
}
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||
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||
}
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||
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||
}
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||
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||
}
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||
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||
</code></pre>
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||
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||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-4.png" alt="img" /></p>
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||
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||
<h3>分词匹配:term</h3>
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||
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||
<p>前文最常见的根据分词查询</p>
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||
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||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
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||
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||
{
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||
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||
"query": {
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||
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||
"term": {
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||
|
||
"programming_languages": "php"
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||
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||
}
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||
|
||
}
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||
|
||
}
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||
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||
</code></pre>
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||
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||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-5.png" alt="img" /></p>
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||
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||
<h3>多个分词匹配:terms</h3>
|
||
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||
<p>按照读个分词term匹配，它们是or的关系</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
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||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"terms": {
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||
|
||
"programming_languages": ["php","c++"]
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
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||
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||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-6.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
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||
<h3>按某个数字字段分词匹配:term set</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>设计这种方式查询的初衷是用文档中的数字字段动态匹配查询满足term的个数</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"terms_set": {
|
||
|
||
"programming_languages": {
|
||
|
||
"terms": [ "java", "php" ],
|
||
|
||
"minimum_should_match_field": "required_matches"
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-7.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>通配符:wildcard</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>通配符匹配，比如<code>*</code></p>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"wildcard": {
|
||
|
||
"name": {
|
||
|
||
"value": "D*ai",
|
||
|
||
"boost": 1.0,
|
||
|
||
"rewrite": "constant_score"
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-8.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>范围:range</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>常常被用在数字或者日期范围的查询</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"range": {
|
||
|
||
"required_matches": {
|
||
|
||
"gte": 3,
|
||
|
||
"lte": 4
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-9.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>正则:regexp</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>通过[正则表达式]查询</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>以"Jan"开头的name字段</p>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"regexp": {
|
||
|
||
"name": {
|
||
|
||
"value": "Ja.*",
|
||
|
||
"case_insensitive": true
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-10.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3>模糊匹配:fuzzy</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>官方文档对模糊匹配：编辑距离是将一个术语转换为另一个术语所需的一个字符更改的次数。这些更改可以包括：</p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
|
||
<li>更改字符（box→ fox）</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>删除字符（black→ lack）</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>插入字符（sic→ sick）</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>转置两个相邻字符（act→ cat）</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash">GET /test-dsl-term-level/_search
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
|
||
"query": {
|
||
|
||
"fuzzy": {
|
||
|
||
"remarks": {
|
||
|
||
"value": "hell"
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
<p><img src="assets/es-dsl-term-11.png" alt="img" /></p>
|
||
|
||
<h2>参考文章</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/term-level-queries.html</p>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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