feat(tenancy): add Workspace multi-tenant foundation (#2353)

* Document multi-tenant workspace architecture

* Add OSS and commercial workspace boundaries

* docs: redesign multi-tenant workspace architecture

* feat(tenancy): implement workspace isolation

* docs(tenancy): record verification evidence

* docs(tenancy): revise single-instance SaaS topology

* docs(tenancy): refine architecture options

* docs: finalize cloud v2 multi-tenant decisions

* feat(tenancy): establish cloud isolation foundations

* feat(tenancy): harden shared cloud runtime boundaries

* docs(tenancy): record final isolation verification

* fix(tenancy): close isolation and permission gaps

* docs(tenancy): record final isolation verification

* feat(tenancy): connect cloud workspace control plane

* fix(build): install git for pinned SDK

* docs(cloud): update control plane verification

* chore: update multi-tenant SDK pin

* fix(cloud): skip legacy model sync during startup

* test(cloud): preserve minimal model manager fixtures

* fix(cloud): preserve authenticated account context

* fix(cloud): reuse authenticated account for user info

* feat(cloud): complete Workspace settings navigation

* test(web): cover Workspace dropdown menu

* feat(web): place workspace controls in sidebar

* refactor(web): streamline workspace controls

* style(web): format workspace layout test

* fix(cloud): surface runtime and workspace plan status

* fix(plugin): keep runtime identity stable across restarts

* fix(ui): widen and center workspace switcher

* fix(ui): hide roles from workspace switcher

* fix(ui): align workspace switcher with sidebar entries

* feat(workspace): add in-product collaboration and direct Cloud launch

* style: format collaboration changes

* fix(workspace): bind collaboration APIs to tenant UoW

* fix(cloud): preserve Core-owned collaboration state

* test(cloud): require Space identity for invite registration

* feat(cloud): complete secure invitation experience

* style(web): format invitation flows

* fix(cloud): recover box runtime without unscoped skill reload

* feat(oss): enforce invitation account and owner billing flows

* style: format OSS account service

* test(oss): cover invitation logout handoff

* fix(oss): resolve workspace owner in scoped session

* feat(cloud): harden multi-tenant runtime resources

* fix(cloud): bound runtime restart storms

* fix(cloud): eliminate periodic runtime CPU spikes

* fix(cloud): enforce instance capacity ceilings

* fix(cloud): scope public login capability discovery

* fix(cloud): bound tenant maintenance and monitoring work

* fix(runtime): bound tenant resource amplification

* fix(deps): pin green multi-tenant plugin SDK

* fix(cloud): handle unavailable skill capability

* fix(security): require authentication for image file endpoint (H-2)

- Changed /api/v1/files/image from AuthType.NONE to USER_TOKEN_OR_API_KEY
- Added Permission.RESOURCE_VIEW requirement
- Prevents unauthenticated cross-tenant file access via leaked keys
- Fixes HIGH severity finding from multi-tenant security review

docs: add comprehensive database migration guide
- Complete migration steps for OSS → multi-tenant
- Backup, execution, verification procedures
- Rollback scenarios and recovery plans
- Performance tuning recommendations

* test: add comprehensive cross-tenant isolation tests

Added 7 critical test scenarios for multi-tenant boundaries:
- Cross-tenant bot access prevention
- Viewer role read-only enforcement
- Removed member immediate access revocation
- Model provider credential isolation
- WebSocket message isolation
- Invitation token workspace scoping
- Multi-workspace context validation

These tests address P0-2 coverage gaps for:
- workspaces.py (membership & invitation flows)
- user.py (authentication & authorization)
- websocket_chat.py (real-time isolation)
- plugins.py (resource access control)

docs: finalize database migration guide

* fix(security): resolve M-1, M-2, M-3 security findings

M-1: WebSocket authorization TOCTOU race (FIXED)
- Changed _revalidate_websocket_authorization to return RequestContext
- Ensures validated context is used immediately without race window
- Prevents removed members from sending messages during revalidation gap

M-2: Model Manager cache workspace isolation (VERIFIED)
- Confirmed _CacheKey already uses 4-tuple: (instance, workspace, generation, resource)
- Cache is properly scoped per workspace, no cross-tenant leakage possible
- No code change needed, documented as working correctly

M-3: Invitation lock workspace scoping (FIXED)
- Changed lock key from token_digest to workspace_uuid:token_digest
- Prevents DoS where attacker locks token in Workspace A to block Workspace B
- Locks now isolated per workspace

All MEDIUM severity findings from security review now resolved.

* fix(cloud): unblock tenant CI and enforce knowledge quotas

* fix(tenancy): scope rerank model sync

---------

Co-authored-by: dadachann <185672915+dadachann@users.noreply.github.com>

web/tests/e2e/crud-smoke.spec.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { expect, Page, test } from '@playwright/test';
 
-import { installLangBotApiMocks } from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+import {
+  installLangBotApiMocks,
+  makeWorkspaceEntry,
+} from './fixtures/langbot-api';
 
 async function save(page: Page) {
   const button = page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Save$/ });
@@ -20,6 +23,61 @@ async function confirmDelete(page: Page) {
 }
 
 test.describe('frontend CRUD smoke flows', () => {
+  test('viewer keeps ordinary bot and pipeline monitoring access', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const workspace = makeWorkspaceEntry(
+      'workspace-viewer',
+      'Viewer Workspace',
+      'local',
+    );
+    await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+      authenticated: true,
+      workspaces: [workspace],
+    });
+
+    await page.goto('/home/bots?id=new');
+    await page.locator('input[name="name"]').fill('Viewer Test Bot');
+    await page
+      .locator('input[name="description"]')
+      .fill('Proves monitoring is ordinary resource visibility.');
+    await page.getByRole('combobox').click();
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'Playwright Adapter' }).click();
+    await submit(page);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home\/bots\?id=bot-1$/);
+
+    await page.goto('/home/pipelines?id=new');
+    await page.locator('input[name="basic.name"]').fill('Viewer Pipeline');
+    await page
+      .locator('input[name="basic.description"]')
+      .fill('Viewer monitoring permission regression.');
+    await submit(page);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home\/pipelines\?id=pipeline-1$/);
+
+    workspace.membership.role = 'viewer';
+    workspace.permissions = ['member.view', 'resource.view', 'workspace.view'];
+
+    await page.goto('/home/bots?id=bot-1');
+    await expect(page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Logs' })).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Sessions' })).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Save$/ })).toHaveCount(0);
+    await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Logs' }).click();
+    await expect(page.getByText('No logs yet')).toBeVisible();
+
+    await page.goto('/home/pipelines?id=pipeline-1');
+    await expect(page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Dashboard' })).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Debug Chat' })).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Save$/ })).toHaveCount(0);
+
+    await page.goto('/home/monitoring');
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Refresh Data' }),
+    ).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Export Data' })).toHaveCount(
+      0,
+    );
+  });
+
   test('creates, edits, and deletes a bot', async ({ page }) => {
     await installLangBotApiMocks(page, { authenticated: true });
 

web/tests/e2e/fixtures/langbot-api.ts

@@ -67,7 +67,32 @@ interface BotMock {
   updated_at: string;
 }
 
+export interface WorkspaceEntryMock {
+  workspace: {
+    uuid: string;
+    instance_uuid: string;
+    name: string;
+    slug: string;
+    type: 'personal' | 'team';
+    status: 'active';
+    source: 'local' | 'cloud_projection';
+  };
+  membership: {
+    uuid: string;
+    workspace_uuid: string;
+    account_uuid: string;
+    email: string;
+    role: 'owner' | 'admin' | 'developer' | 'operator' | 'viewer';
+    status: 'active';
+    joined_at: string;
+    created_at: string;
+  };
+  permissions: string[];
+  placement_generation: number;
+}
+
 interface LangBotApiMockState {
+  authenticated: boolean;
   bots: BotMock[];
   counters: Record<string, number>;
   knowledgeBases: KnowledgeBaseMock[];
@@ -78,6 +103,7 @@ interface LangBotApiMockState {
   sessionAnalyses: Record<string, unknown>;
   sessionMessages: Record<string, unknown[]>;
   skills: SkillMock[];
+  workspaces: WorkspaceEntryMock[];
 }
 
 function ok(data: unknown) {
@@ -109,6 +135,59 @@ function now() {
   return new Date().toISOString();
 }
 
+export function makeWorkspaceEntry(
+  uuid: string,
+  name: string,
+  source: 'local' | 'cloud_projection' = 'cloud_projection',
+): WorkspaceEntryMock {
+  const createdAt = now();
+  return {
+    workspace: {
+      uuid,
+      instance_uuid: 'instance-playwright',
+      name,
+      slug: uuid,
+      type: 'team',
+      status: 'active',
+      source,
+    },
+    membership: {
+      uuid: `membership-${uuid}`,
+      workspace_uuid: uuid,
+      account_uuid: 'account-playwright',
+      email: 'admin@example.com',
+      role: 'owner',
+      status: 'active',
+      joined_at: createdAt,
+      created_at: createdAt,
+    },
+    permissions: [
+      'api_key.manage',
+      'audit.view',
+      'data.export',
+      'member.invite',
+      'member.remove',
+      'member.update_role',
+      'member.view',
+      'owner.transfer',
+      'provider_secret.manage',
+      'resource.manage',
+      'resource.view',
+      'runtime.operate',
+      'workspace.view',
+    ],
+    placement_generation: 1,
+  };
+}
+
+function defaultWorkspaceEntry(): WorkspaceEntryMock {
+  return makeWorkspaceEntry(
+    'workspace-playwright',
+    'Playwright Workspace',
+    'local',
+  );
+}
+
 function nextId(state: LangBotApiMockState, prefix: string) {
   state.counters[prefix] = (state.counters[prefix] || 0) + 1;
   return `${prefix}-${state.counters[prefix]}`;
@@ -423,21 +502,33 @@ async function handleBackendApi(route: Route, state: LangBotApiMockState) {
   if (path === '/api/v1/user/account-info') {
     return fulfillJson(route, {
       initialized: true,
-      account_type: 'local',
-      has_password: true,
+      password_login_enabled: true,
+      space_login_enabled: false,
     });
   }
 
   if (path === '/api/v1/user/check-token') {
-    return fulfillJson(route, { token: '' });
+    return fulfillJson(route, {
+      token: state.authenticated ? 'playwright-token' : '',
+    });
   }
 
   if (path === '/api/v1/user/auth') {
+    state.authenticated = true;
     return fulfillJson(route, { token: 'playwright-token' });
   }
 
+  if (path === '/api/v1/user/space/callback') {
+    state.authenticated = true;
+    return fulfillJson(route, {
+      token: 'playwright-space-token',
+      user: 'admin@example.com',
+    });
+  }
+
   if (path === '/api/v1/user/info') {
     return fulfillJson(route, {
+      account_uuid: 'account-playwright',
       user: 'admin@example.com',
       account_type: 'local',
       has_password: true,
@@ -448,6 +539,24 @@ async function handleBackendApi(route: Route, state: LangBotApiMockState) {
     return fulfillJson(route, { credits: null });
   }
 
+  if (path === '/api/v1/workspaces/bootstrap') {
+    return fulfillJson(route, { workspaces: state.workspaces });
+  }
+
+  if (path === '/api/v1/workspaces/current') {
+    const selectedWorkspaceUuid = request.headers()['x-workspace-id'];
+    const entry = state.workspaces.find(
+      (item) => item.workspace.uuid === selectedWorkspaceUuid,
+    );
+    return fulfillJson(route, entry || state.workspaces[0]);
+  }
+
+  if (path === '/api/v1/workspaces') {
+    return fulfillJson(route, {
+      workspaces: state.workspaces.map((entry) => entry.workspace),
+    });
+  }
+
   if (path === '/api/v1/platform/adapters') {
     return fulfillJson(route, { adapters: mockAdapters() });
   }
@@ -467,7 +576,7 @@ async function handleBackendApi(route: Route, state: LangBotApiMockState) {
 
   const botLogsMatch = path.match(/^\/api\/v1\/platform\/bots\/([^/]+)\/logs$/);
   if (botLogsMatch) {
-    return fulfillJson(route, { logs: [], total: 0 });
+    return fulfillJson(route, { logs: [], total_count: 0 });
   }
 
   const botMatch = path.match(/^\/api\/v1\/platform\/bots\/([^/]+)$/);
@@ -951,6 +1060,7 @@ export async function installLangBotApiMocks(
     sessionAnalyses?: Record<string, unknown>;
     sessionMessages?: Record<string, unknown[]>;
     storage?: JsonRecord;
+    workspaces?: WorkspaceEntryMock[];
   } = {},
 ) {
   const {
@@ -960,8 +1070,10 @@ export async function installLangBotApiMocks(
     sessionAnalyses,
     sessionMessages,
     storage = {},
+    workspaces = [defaultWorkspaceEntry()],
   } = options;
   const state: LangBotApiMockState = {
+    authenticated,
     bots: [],
     counters: {},
     knowledgeBases: [],
@@ -972,6 +1084,7 @@ export async function installLangBotApiMocks(
     sessionAnalyses: sessionAnalyses || {},
     sessionMessages: sessionMessages || {},
     skills: [],
+    workspaces,
   };
 
   await page.addInitScript(

web/tests/e2e/invitations.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+
+import { installLangBotApiMocks } from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+
+test('terminal invitation errors refresh on a new fragment and allow account switching', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    storage: {
+      token: 'playwright-token',
+      userEmail: 'another-account@example.com',
+    },
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/inspect', async (route) => {
+    const body = JSON.parse(route.request().postData() || '{}') as {
+      token?: string;
+    };
+    const code =
+      body.token === 'revoked-invitation'
+        ? 'invitation_revoked'
+        : 'invitation_used';
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 410,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({ code, msg: code }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/invitations/accept#token=used-invitation');
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText('This invitation was already used.'),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await expect
+    .poll(() =>
+      page.evaluate(() =>
+        sessionStorage.getItem('langbot_pending_invitation_token'),
+      ),
+    )
+    .toBeNull();
+
+  await page.evaluate(() => {
+    window.location.hash = 'token=revoked-invitation';
+  });
+  await expect(page.getByText('This invitation was revoked.')).toBeVisible();
+
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Back to sign in' }).click();
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/login$/);
+  await expect(page.getByText('Welcome')).toBeVisible();
+  expect(
+    await page.evaluate(() => ({
+      token: localStorage.getItem('token'),
+      userEmail: localStorage.getItem('userEmail'),
+    })),
+  ).toEqual({ token: null, userEmail: null });
+});
+
+test('login preserves an explicit invitation email mismatch error', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, { authenticated: false });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/inspect', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          invitation: {
+            uuid: 'mismatch-invitation',
+            workspace_uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            normalized_email: 'invited@example.com',
+            role: 'viewer',
+            status: 'pending',
+          },
+          workspace: {
+            uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            name: 'Playwright Workspace',
+          },
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/accept', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 400,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 'invitation_email_mismatch',
+        msg: 'Invitation email does not match the Account',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/invitations/accept#token=mismatch-invitation');
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'I already have an account' }).click();
+  await page.getByPlaceholder('Enter email address').fill('other@example.com');
+  await page.getByPlaceholder('Enter password').fill('password');
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login with password' }).click();
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(
+    /\/invitations\/accept\?error=invitation_email_mismatch$/,
+  );
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText('This invitation belongs to a different email address.'),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Login successful')).toHaveCount(0);
+});
+
+test('an authenticated OSS invitation requires logout before registration', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    storage: {
+      token: 'playwright-token',
+      userEmail: 'invited@example.com',
+    },
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/inspect', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          invitation: {
+            uuid: 'logout-invitation',
+            workspace_uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            normalized_email: 'invited@example.com',
+            role: 'viewer',
+            status: 'pending',
+          },
+          workspace: {
+            uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            name: 'Playwright Workspace',
+          },
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/invitations/accept#token=logout-invitation');
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText(
+      'Sign out first, then sign in with the invited account. Your invitation will be preserved.',
+    ),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await page
+    .getByRole('button', {
+      name: 'Sign out and return to this invitation',
+    })
+    .click();
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/login\?invitation=1$/);
+  expect(
+    await page.evaluate(() => ({
+      token: localStorage.getItem('token'),
+      userEmail: localStorage.getItem('userEmail'),
+      invitation: sessionStorage.getItem('langbot_pending_invitation_token'),
+    })),
+  ).toEqual({
+    token: null,
+    userEmail: null,
+    invitation: 'logout-invitation',
+  });
+});

web/tests/e2e/login.spec.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
 
-import { installLangBotApiMocks } from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+import {
+  installLangBotApiMocks,
+  makeWorkspaceEntry,
+} from './fixtures/langbot-api';
 
 test('local account login reaches the authenticated home shell', async ({
   page,
@@ -14,9 +17,136 @@ test('local account login reaches the authenticated home shell', async ({
   await page.getByPlaceholder('Enter password').fill('password');
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login with password' }).click();
 
-  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home$/);
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/);
   await expect(page.getByText('Home').first()).toBeVisible();
   await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Dashboard' })).toBeVisible();
   await expect(page.getByText('Total Messages').first()).toBeVisible();
   await expect(page.getByText('Unable to connect to server')).toHaveCount(0);
 });
+
+test('an existing Account token bootstraps the singleton without a selector loop', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  page.on('request', (request) => {
+    if (new URL(request.url()).pathname === '/api/v1/workspaces/bootstrap') {
+      bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.push(request.headers()['x-workspace-id']);
+    }
+  });
+
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, { authenticated: true });
+  await page.goto('/login');
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/);
+  await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Dashboard' })).toBeVisible();
+  expect(bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.every((header) => !header)).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test('multi-Workspace login waits for an explicit selection', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const accountScopedRequests: { path: string; workspace?: string }[] = [];
+  const selectedWorkspaceHeaders: string[] = [];
+  page.on('request', (request) => {
+    const path = new URL(request.url()).pathname;
+    const workspace = request.headers()['x-workspace-id'];
+    if (
+      path === '/api/v1/user/auth' ||
+      path === '/api/v1/user/check-token' ||
+      path === '/api/v1/workspaces/bootstrap'
+    ) {
+      accountScopedRequests.push({ path, workspace });
+    }
+    if (path === '/api/v1/workspaces/current' && workspace) {
+      selectedWorkspaceHeaders.push(workspace);
+    }
+  });
+
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    storage: {
+      langbot_active_workspace_uuid: 'workspace-from-another-account',
+    },
+    workspaces: [
+      makeWorkspaceEntry('workspace-alpha', 'Alpha Workspace'),
+      makeWorkspaceEntry('workspace-beta', 'Beta Workspace'),
+    ],
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/login');
+  await page.getByPlaceholder('Enter email address').fill('admin@example.com');
+  await page.getByPlaceholder('Enter password').fill('password');
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login with password' }).click();
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/workspaces\/select/);
+  await expect(
+    page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Choose a Workspace' }),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Alpha Workspace')).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Beta Workspace')).toBeVisible();
+
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: /Beta Workspace/ }).click();
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/);
+  const workspaceSwitcher = page
+    .getByRole('button', {
+      name: /Switch Workspace/,
+    })
+    .first();
+  await expect(workspaceSwitcher).toBeVisible();
+  await workspaceSwitcher.click();
+  await expect(
+    page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Workspace Settings' }),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  expect(selectedWorkspaceHeaders).toContain('workspace-beta');
+  expect(accountScopedRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(accountScopedRequests.every((request) => !request.workspace)).toBe(
+    true,
+  );
+});
+
+test('Space OAuth bootstraps a singleton before entering home', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const selectedWorkspaceHeaders: string[] = [];
+  page.on('request', (request) => {
+    const path = new URL(request.url()).pathname;
+    const workspace = request.headers()['x-workspace-id'];
+    if (path === '/api/v1/workspaces/current' && workspace) {
+      selectedWorkspaceHeaders.push(workspace);
+    }
+  });
+
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page);
+  await page.goto('/auth/space/callback?code=oauth-code&state=oauth-state');
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/, {
+    timeout: 5_000,
+  });
+  expect(selectedWorkspaceHeaders).toContain('workspace-playwright');
+});
+
+test('Space OAuth sends a multi-Workspace Account to the chooser', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  page.on('request', (request) => {
+    if (new URL(request.url()).pathname === '/api/v1/workspaces/bootstrap') {
+      bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.push(request.headers()['x-workspace-id']);
+    }
+  });
+
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    workspaces: [
+      makeWorkspaceEntry('workspace-alpha', 'Alpha Workspace'),
+      makeWorkspaceEntry('workspace-beta', 'Beta Workspace'),
+    ],
+  });
+  await page.goto('/auth/space/callback?code=oauth-code&state=oauth-state');
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/workspaces\/select/, { timeout: 5_000 });
+  await expect(page.getByText('Alpha Workspace')).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Beta Workspace')).toBeVisible();
+  expect(bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(bootstrapWorkspaceHeaders.every((header) => !header)).toBe(true);
+});