fix: remove /debug/exec endpoint that allows authenticated RCE via exec() (#2178)

The /api/v1/system/debug/exec endpoint passes user-supplied HTTP body
directly to Python exec(), enabling arbitrary code execution for any
authenticated user when debug_mode is enabled. This is a critical
security risk (CWE-94): a single misconfiguration or compromised JWT
grants full server-side code execution.

Remove the endpoint entirely. The /debug/plugin/action endpoint (which
does not use exec()) is left intact as it serves a different, scoped
purpose.

Co-authored-by: Junyan Chin <rockchinq@gmail.com>

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/controller/groups/system.py

@@ -140,17 +140,6 @@ class SystemRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
         async def _() -> str:
             return self.success(data=await self.ap.maintenance_service.get_storage_analysis())
 
-        @self.route('/debug/exec', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
-        async def _() -> str:
-            if not constants.debug_mode:
-                return self.http_status(403, 403, 'Forbidden')
-
-            py_code = await quart.request.data
-
-            ap = self.ap
-
-            return self.success(data=exec(py_code, {'ap': ap}))
-
         @self.route(
             '/debug/plugin/action',
             methods=['POST'],

tests/test_cwe94_debug_exec.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""
+PoC test for CWE-94: Authenticated RCE via exec() on user-supplied Python code.
+
+The /api/v1/system/debug/exec endpoint passes raw HTTP body to exec(),
+allowing arbitrary code execution when debug_mode is True.
+
+This test verifies that:
+1. The exec() endpoint is removed from the codebase entirely.
+2. No route matches /api/v1/system/debug/exec.
+"""
+
+import ast
+import pathlib
+
+# Resolve project root (one level up from tests/)
+_PROJECT_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+VULN_FILE = (
+    _PROJECT_ROOT
+    / "src"
+    / "langbot"
+    / "pkg"
+    / "api"
+    / "http"
+    / "controller"
+    / "groups"
+    / "system.py"
+)
+
+
+def test_no_exec_call_in_system_controller():
+    """Verify there is no exec() call in system.py that takes user input."""
+    with open(VULN_FILE, "r") as f:
+        source = f.read()
+
+    tree = ast.parse(source)
+
+    exec_calls = []
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        if isinstance(node, ast.Call):
+            func = node.func
+            # Match bare exec() call
+            if isinstance(func, ast.Name) and func.id == "exec":
+                exec_calls.append(node.lineno)
+
+    assert len(exec_calls) == 0, (
+        f"Found exec() call(s) at line(s) {exec_calls} in system.py. "
+        "User-supplied code must never be passed to exec()."
+    )
+
+
+def test_no_debug_exec_route():
+    """Verify the /debug/exec route is not registered."""
+    with open(VULN_FILE, "r") as f:
+        source = f.read()
+
+    assert "debug/exec" not in source, (
+        "The /debug/exec route still exists in system.py. "
+        "This endpoint allows arbitrary code execution and must be removed."
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_no_exec_call_in_system_controller()
+    test_no_debug_exec_route()
+    print("All tests passed!")