This commit is contained in:
krahets
2023-08-27 23:41:10 +08:00
parent 8c9cf3f087
commit 016f13d882
66 changed files with 262 additions and 270 deletions
@@ -3490,19 +3490,19 @@ n & \geq 4
\end{aligned}
\]</div>
<p>如图 15-14 所示,当 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \geq 4\)</span> 时,切分出一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 后乘积会变大,<strong>这说明大于等于 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> 的整数都应该被切分</strong></p>
<p><strong>贪心策略一</strong>:如果切分方案中包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq 4\)</span> 的因子,那么它就应该被继续切分。最终的切分方案只应出现 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 这三种因子。</p>
<p><strong>贪心策略一</strong>:如果切分方案中包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq 4\)</span> 的因子,那么它就应该被继续切分。最终的切分方案只应出现 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 这三种因子。</p>
<p><img alt="切分导致乘积变大" src="../max_product_cutting_problem.assets/max_product_cutting_greedy_infer1.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 图 15-14 &nbsp; 切分导致乘积变大 </p>
<p>接下来思考哪个因子是最优的。在 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 这三个因子中,显然 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 是最差的,因为 <span class="arithmatex">\(1 \times (n-1) &lt; n\)</span> 恒成立,即切分出 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 反而会导致乘积减小。</p>
<p>接下来思考哪个因子是最优的。在 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 这三个因子中,显然 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 是最差的,因为 <span class="arithmatex">\(1 \times (n-1) &lt; n\)</span> 恒成立,即切分出 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 反而会导致乘积减小。</p>
<p>如图 15-15 所示,当 <span class="arithmatex">\(n = 6\)</span> 时,有 <span class="arithmatex">\(3 \times 3 &gt; 2 \times 2 \times 2\)</span><strong>这意味着切分出 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 比切分出 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 更优</strong></p>
<p><strong>贪心策略二</strong>:在切分方案中,最多只应存在两个 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 。因为三个 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 总是可以被替换为两个 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> ,从而获得更大乘积。</p>
<p><img alt="最优切分因子" src="../max_product_cutting_problem.assets/max_product_cutting_greedy_infer3.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 图 15-15 &nbsp; 最优切分因子 </p>
<p>总结以上,可推出贪心策略</p>
<p>总结以上,可推出以下贪心策略</p>
<ol>
<li>输入整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,从其不断地切分出因子 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> ,直至余数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span></li>
<li>输入整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,从其不断地切分出因子 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> ,直至余数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span></li>
<li>当余数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> 时,代表 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 的倍数,因此不做任何处理。</li>
<li>当余数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 时,不继续划分,保留之。</li>
<li>当余数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 时,由于 <span class="arithmatex">\(2 \times 2 &gt; 1 \times 3\)</span> ,因此应将最后一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 替换为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span></li>
@@ -3696,12 +3696,12 @@ n = 3 a + b
<p><img alt="最大切分乘积的计算方法" src="../max_product_cutting_problem.assets/max_product_cutting_greedy_calculation.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 图 15-16 &nbsp; 最大切分乘积的计算方法 </p>
<p><strong>时间复杂度取决于编程语言的幂运算的实现方法</strong>。以 Python 为例,常用的幂计算函数有</p>
<p><strong>时间复杂度取决于编程语言的幂运算的实现方法</strong>。以 Python 为例,常用的幂计算函数有三种。</p>
<ul>
<li>运算符 <code>**</code> 和函数 <code>pow()</code> 的时间复杂度均为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log a)\)</span></li>
<li>函数 <code>math.pow()</code> 内部调用 C 语言库的 <code>pow()</code> 函数,其执行浮点取幂,时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></li>
</ul>
<p>变量 <span class="arithmatex">\(a\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(b\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间,<strong>因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></strong></p>
<p>变量 <span class="arithmatex">\(a\)</span> <span class="arithmatex">\(b\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间,<strong>因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></strong></p>
<h3 id="3">3. &nbsp; 正确性证明<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>使用反证法,只分析 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \geq 3\)</span> 的情况。</p>
<ol>