mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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Translate all code to English (#1836)
* Review the EN heading format. * Fix pythontutor headings. * Fix pythontutor headings. * bug fixes * Fix headings in **/summary.md * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Python code using Claude-4.5 * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Java code using Claude-4.5 * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Cpp code using Claude-4.5. * Fix the dictionary. * Fix cpp code translation for the multipart strings. * Translate Go code to English. * Update workflows to test EN code. * Add EN translation for C. * Add EN translation for CSharp. * Add EN translation for Swift. * Trigger the CI check. * Revert. * Update en/hash_map.md * Add the EN version of Dart code. * Add the EN version of Kotlin code. * Add missing code files. * Add the EN version of JavaScript code. * Add the EN version of TypeScript code. * Fix the workflows. * Add the EN version of Ruby code. * Add the EN version of Rust code. * Update the CI check for the English version code. * Update Python CI check. * Fix cmakelists for en/C code. * Fix Ruby comments
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@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ package chapter_heap;
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import utils.*;
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import java.util.*;
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/* Max-heap */
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/* Max heap */
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class MaxHeap {
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// Use list instead of array to avoid the need for resizing
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// Use list instead of array, no need to consider capacity expansion
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private List<Integer> maxHeap;
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/* Constructor, build heap based on input list */
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public MaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {
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// Add all list elements into the heap
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// Add list elements to heap as is
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maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);
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// Heapify all nodes except leaves
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// Heapify all nodes except leaf nodes
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class MaxHeap {
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/* Get index of parent node */
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private int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // Integer division down
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return (i - 1) / 2; // Floor division
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}
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/* Swap elements */
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@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ class MaxHeap {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* Determine if heap is empty */
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/* Check if heap is empty */
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public boolean isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* Access heap top element */
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/* Access top element */
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public int peek() {
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return maxHeap.get(0);
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}
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/* Push the element into heap */
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/* Element enters heap */
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public void push(int val) {
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// Add node
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maxHeap.add(val);
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@@ -69,46 +69,46 @@ class MaxHeap {
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* Start heapifying node i, from bottom to top */
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/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */
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private void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// Get parent node of node i
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int p = parent(i);
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// When "crossing the root node" or "node does not need repair", end heapification
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// When "crossing root node" or "node needs no repair", end heapify
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))
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break;
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// Swap two nodes
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swap(i, p);
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// Loop upwards heapification
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// Loop upward heapify
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* Element exits heap */
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public int pop() {
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// Empty handling
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// Handle empty case
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if (isEmpty())
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throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
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// Swap the root node with the rightmost leaf node (swap the first element with the last element)
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// Delete node
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swap(0, size() - 1);
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// Remove node
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int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);
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// Heapify from top to bottom
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// Return top element
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siftDown(0);
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// Return heap top element
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return val;
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}
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/* Start heapifying node i, from top to bottom */
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/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */
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private void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// Determine the largest node among i, l, r, noted as ma
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// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))
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ma = r;
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// If node i is the largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no further heapification needed, break
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// Swap two nodes
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if (ma == i)
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break;
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// Swap two nodes
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@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class MaxHeap {
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}
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}
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/* Print heap (binary tree) */
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/* Driver Code */
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public void print() {
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Queue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> { return b - a; });
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queue.addAll(maxHeap);
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@@ -128,32 +128,32 @@ class MaxHeap {
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public class my_heap {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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/* Initialize max-heap */
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/* Consider negating the elements before entering the heap, which can reverse the size relationship, thus implementing max heap */
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MaxHeap maxHeap = new MaxHeap(Arrays.asList(9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2));
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System.out.println("\nEnter list and build heap");
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System.out.println("\nAfter inputting list and building heap");
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maxHeap.print();
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/* Access heap top element */
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/* Check if heap is empty */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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System.out.format("\nTop element of the heap is %d\n", peek);
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System.out.format("\nHeap top element is %d\n", peek);
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/* Push the element into heap */
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/* Element enters heap */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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System.out.format("\nAfter element %d is added to the heap\n", val);
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System.out.format("\nAfter element %d enters heap\n", val);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* Pop the element at the heap top */
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/* Time complexity is O(n), not O(nlogn) */
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peek = maxHeap.pop();
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System.out.format("\nAfter the top element %d is removed from the heap\n", peek);
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System.out.format("\nAfter heap top element %d exits heap\n", peek);
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maxHeap.print();
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/* Get heap size */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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System.out.format("\nNumber of elements in the heap is %d\n", size);
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System.out.format("\nHeap element count is %d\n", size);
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/* Determine if heap is empty */
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/* Check if heap is empty */
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boolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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System.out.format("\nIs the heap empty %b\n", isEmpty);
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System.out.format("\nHeap is empty %b\n", isEmpty);
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}
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}
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