Translate all code to English (#1836)

* Review the EN heading format. * Fix pythontutor headings. * Fix pythontutor headings. * bug fixes * Fix headings in **/summary.md * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Python code using Claude-4.5 * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Java code using Claude-4.5 * Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Cpp code using Claude-4.5. * Fix the dictionary. * Fix cpp code translation for the multipart strings. * Translate Go code to English. * Update workflows to test EN code. * Add EN translation for C. * Add EN translation for CSharp. * Add EN translation for Swift. * Trigger the CI check. * Revert. * Update en/hash_map.md * Add the EN version of Dart code. * Add the EN version of Kotlin code. * Add missing code files. * Add the EN version of JavaScript code. * Add the EN version of TypeScript code. * Fix the workflows. * Add the EN version of Ruby code. * Add the EN version of Rust code. * Update the CI check for the English version code. * Update Python CI check. * Fix cmakelists for en/C code. * Fix Ruby comments
2026-09-19 21:17:15 +00:00 · 2025-12-31 07:44:52 +08:00
parent 45e1295241
commit 2778a6f9c7
1284 changed files with 71557 additions and 3275 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * File: permutations_i.kt
+ * Created Time: 2024-01-25
+ * Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
+ */
+
+package chapter_backtracking.permutations_i
+
+/* Backtracking algorithm: Permutations I */
+fun backtrack(
+    state: MutableList<Int>,
+    choices: IntArray,
+    selected: BooleanArray,
+    res: MutableList<MutableList<Int>?>
+) {
+    // When the state length equals the number of elements, record the solution
+    if (state.size == choices.size) {
+        res.add(state.toMutableList())
+        return
+    }
+    // Traverse all choices
+    for (i in choices.indices) {
+        val choice = choices[i]
+        // Pruning: do not allow repeated selection of elements
+        if (!selected[i]) {
+            // Attempt: make choice, update state
+            selected[i] = true
+            state.add(choice)
+            // Proceed to the next round of selection
+            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res)
+            // Backtrack: undo choice, restore to previous state
+            selected[i] = false
+            state.removeAt(state.size - 1)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Permutations I */
+fun permutationsI(nums: IntArray): MutableList<MutableList<Int>?> {
+    val res = mutableListOf<MutableList<Int>?>()
+    backtrack(mutableListOf(), nums, BooleanArray(nums.size), res)
+    return res
+}
+
+/* Driver Code */
+fun main() {
+    val nums = intArrayOf(1, 2, 3)
+
+    val res = permutationsI(nums)
+
+    println("Input array nums = ${nums.contentToString()}")
+    println("All permutations res = $res")
+}