Add multilingual exercise code (#1959)

Replace the exercise pages' Python-only snippets with source-backed implementations for the 13 visible programming languages, and localize reader-facing comments by site language. Zig remains out of scope.

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codes/go/chapter_computational_complexity/complexity_exercises.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// File: complexity_exercises.go
+// Created Time: 2026-08-18
+// Author: Hello Algo Team
+
+package chapter_computational_complexity
+
+/* 迭代求和 */
+func sumIter(n int) int {
+	res := 0
+	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
+		res += i
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+/* 递归求和 */
+func sumRecur(n int) int {
+	if n == 1 {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return n + sumRecur(n-1)
+}
+
+/* 线性阶循环 */
+func linearLoop(n int) int {
+	res := 0
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		res += i
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+/* 平方阶循环 */
+func quadraticLoop(n int) int {
+	res := 0
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		for j := i; j < n; j++ {
+			res += j
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+/* 对数阶循环 */
+func logarithmicLoop(n int) int {
+	for n > 1 {
+		n /= 2
+	}
+	return n
+}

codes/go/chapter_computational_complexity/complexity_exercises_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// File: complexity_exercises_test.go
+// Created Time: 2026-08-18
+// Author: Hello Algo Team
+
+package chapter_computational_complexity
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestComplexityExercises(t *testing.T) {
+	if sumIter(1) != 1 || sumRecur(1) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("sum functions failed for n = 1")
+	}
+	if sumIter(4) != 10 || sumRecur(4) != 10 {
+		t.Fatal("sum functions failed for n = 4")
+	}
+	if linearLoop(4) != 6 || quadraticLoop(4) != 20 {
+		t.Fatal("complexity loops returned an unexpected value")
+	}
+	if logarithmicLoop(4) != 1 || logarithmicLoop(5) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("logarithmic loop returned an unexpected value")
+	}
+}

codes/go/chapter_divide_and_conquer/fast_power.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// File: fast_power.go
+// Created Time: 2026-08-18
+// Author: Hello Algo Team
+
+package chapter_divide_and_conquer
+
+/* 快速幂 */
+func fastPow(x, n int) int {
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 1
+	}
+	half := fastPow(x, n/2)
+	if n%2 == 0 {
+		return half * half
+	}
+	return half * half * x
+}

codes/go/chapter_divide_and_conquer/fast_power_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// File: fast_power_test.go
+// Created Time: 2026-08-18
+// Author: Hello Algo Team
+
+package chapter_divide_and_conquer
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestFastPower(t *testing.T) {
+	if fastPow(7, 0) != 1 || fastPow(3, 5) != 243 || fastPow(2, 6) != 64 {
+		t.Fatal("fast power returned an unexpected value")
+	}
+}