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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">],</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">],</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""回溯算法：n 皇后"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Backtracking algorithm: n queens"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># When all rows are placed, record the solution</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历所有列</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="c1"># Traverse all columns</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">col</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="c1"># 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="c1"># Calculate the main and minor diagonals corresponding to the cell</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="n">diag1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">col</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="n">diag2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">col</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="c1"># 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="c1"># Pruning: do not allow queens on the column, main diagonal, or minor diagonal of the cell</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="c1"># 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="c1"># Attempt: place the queen in the cell</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Q"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="c1"># 放置下一行</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="c1"># Place the next row</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a> <span class="c1"># 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a> <span class="c1"># Retract: restore the cell to an empty spot</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"#"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">n_queens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]]]:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""求解 n 皇后"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a> <span class="c1"># 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Solve n queens"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a> <span class="c1"># Initialize an n*n size chessboard, where 'Q' represents the queen and '#' represents an empty spot</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="s2">"#"</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a> <span class="n">cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="c1"># 记录列是否有皇后</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a> <span class="n">diags1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a> <span class="n">diags2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a> <span class="n">cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="c1"># Record columns with queens</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a> <span class="n">diags1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Record main diagonals with queens</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-37" name="__codelineno-0-37" href="#__codelineno-0-37"></a> <span class="n">diags2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Record minor diagonals with queens</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-38" name="__codelineno-0-38" href="#__codelineno-0-38"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-39" name="__codelineno-0-39" href="#__codelineno-0-39"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-40" name="__codelineno-0-40" href="#__codelineno-0-40"></a>
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@@ -3686,53 +3686,16 @@
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
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||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-35" name="__codelineno-1-35" href="#__codelineno-1-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-36" name="__codelineno-1-36" href="#__codelineno-1-36"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-37" name="__codelineno-1-37" href="#__codelineno-1-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-38" name="__codelineno-1-38" href="#__codelineno-1-38"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-39" name="__codelineno-1-39" href="#__codelineno-1-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-40" name="__codelineno-1-40" href="#__codelineno-1-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Backtracking algorithm: n queens */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When all rows are placed, record the solution</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
@@ -3741,28 +3704,28 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse all columns</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the main and minor diagonals corresponding to the cell</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Pruning: do not allow queens on the column, main diagonal, or minor diagonal of the cell</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Attempt: place the queen in the cell</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Place the next row</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retract: restore the cell to an empty spot</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="na">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="cm">/* Solve n queens */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an n*n size chessboard, where 'Q' represents the queen and '#' represents an empty spot</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-37" name="__codelineno-2-37" href="#__codelineno-2-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
@@ -3771,9 +3734,9 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-40" name="__codelineno-2-40" href="#__codelineno-2-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-41" name="__codelineno-2-41" href="#__codelineno-2-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-42" name="__codelineno-2-42" href="#__codelineno-2-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-43" name="__codelineno-2-43" href="#__codelineno-2-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-44" name="__codelineno-2-44" href="#__codelineno-2-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-45" name="__codelineno-2-45" href="#__codelineno-2-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-43" name="__codelineno-2-43" href="#__codelineno-2-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record columns with queens</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-44" name="__codelineno-2-44" href="#__codelineno-2-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record main diagonals with queens</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-45" name="__codelineno-2-45" href="#__codelineno-2-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record minor diagonals with queens</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-46" name="__codelineno-2-46" href="#__codelineno-2-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-47" name="__codelineno-2-47" href="#__codelineno-2-47"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-48" name="__codelineno-2-48" href="#__codelineno-2-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
@@ -3783,493 +3746,57 @@
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-40" name="__codelineno-3-40" href="#__codelineno-3-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-41" name="__codelineno-3-41" href="#__codelineno-3-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-42" name="__codelineno-3-42" href="#__codelineno-3-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-43" name="__codelineno-3-43" href="#__codelineno-3-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-44" name="__codelineno-3-44" href="#__codelineno-3-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-45" name="__codelineno-3-45" href="#__codelineno-3-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-46" name="__codelineno-3-46" href="#__codelineno-3-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-47" name="__codelineno-3-47" href="#__codelineno-3-47"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-48" name="__codelineno-3-48" href="#__codelineno-3-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-49" name="__codelineno-3-49" href="#__codelineno-3-49"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-50" name="__codelineno-3-50" href="#__codelineno-3-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-51" name="__codelineno-3-51" href="#__codelineno-3-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n_queens</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">n_queens</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">NQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][][]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-51" name="__codelineno-4-51" href="#__codelineno-4-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[[[</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">]]],</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a> <span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">col</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">..</span><span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a> <span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">diag1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">col</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">diag2</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">col</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Q"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a> <span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a> <span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"#"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="p">[[[</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">]]]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-33" name="__codelineno-5-33" href="#__codelineno-5-33"></a> <span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-34" name="__codelineno-5-34" href="#__codelineno-5-34"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">state</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-35" name="__codelineno-5-35" href="#__codelineno-5-35"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">cols</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-36" name="__codelineno-5-36" href="#__codelineno-5-36"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">diags1</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-37" name="__codelineno-5-37" href="#__codelineno-5-37"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">diags2</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-38" name="__codelineno-5-38" href="#__codelineno-5-38"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[[[</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">]]]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-39" name="__codelineno-5-39" href="#__codelineno-5-39"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-40" name="__codelineno-5-40" href="#__codelineno-5-40"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-41" name="__codelineno-5-41" href="#__codelineno-5-41"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-42" name="__codelineno-5-42" href="#__codelineno-5-42"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-43" name="__codelineno-5-43" href="#__codelineno-5-43"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">slice</span><span class="p">()));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Q'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">from</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-31" name="__codelineno-6-31" href="#__codelineno-6-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-32" name="__codelineno-6-32" href="#__codelineno-6-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-33" name="__codelineno-6-33" href="#__codelineno-6-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-34" name="__codelineno-6-34" href="#__codelineno-6-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-35" name="__codelineno-6-35" href="#__codelineno-6-35"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-36" name="__codelineno-6-36" href="#__codelineno-6-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-37" name="__codelineno-6-37" href="#__codelineno-6-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-38" name="__codelineno-6-38" href="#__codelineno-6-38"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">[][],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">[][][],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">slice</span><span class="p">()));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Q'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35" href="#__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36" href="#__codelineno-7-36"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37" href="#__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38" href="#__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">from</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'#'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39" href="#__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-40" name="__codelineno-7-40" href="#__codelineno-7-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-41" name="__codelineno-7-41" href="#__codelineno-7-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-42" name="__codelineno-7-42" href="#__codelineno-7-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">[][][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-43" name="__codelineno-7-43" href="#__codelineno-7-43"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-44" name="__codelineno-7-44" href="#__codelineno-7-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-45" name="__codelineno-7-45" href="#__codelineno-7-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-46" name="__codelineno-7-46" href="#__codelineno-7-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Q"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"#"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-40" name="__codelineno-8-40" href="#__codelineno-8-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-41" name="__codelineno-8-41" href="#__codelineno-8-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-42" name="__codelineno-8-42" href="#__codelineno-8-42"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-43" name="__codelineno-8-43" href="#__codelineno-8-43"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-44" name="__codelineno-8-44" href="#__codelineno-8-44"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-45" name="__codelineno-8-45" href="#__codelineno-8-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-46" name="__codelineno-8-46" href="#__codelineno-8-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"#"</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-47" name="__codelineno-8-47" href="#__codelineno-8-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-48" name="__codelineno-8-48" href="#__codelineno-8-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-49" name="__codelineno-8-49" href="#__codelineno-8-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-50" name="__codelineno-8-50" href="#__codelineno-8-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-51" name="__codelineno-8-51" href="#__codelineno-8-51"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-52" name="__codelineno-8-52" href="#__codelineno-8-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-53" name="__codelineno-8-53" href="#__codelineno-8-53"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-54" name="__codelineno-8-54" href="#__codelineno-8-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-55" name="__codelineno-8-55" href="#__codelineno-8-55"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_state</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s_row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copy_state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s_row</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copy_state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">n_queens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-46" name="__codelineno-9-46" href="#__codelineno-9-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-47" name="__codelineno-9-47" href="#__codelineno-9-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-48" name="__codelineno-9-48" href="#__codelineno-9-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-49" name="__codelineno-9-49" href="#__codelineno-9-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-50" name="__codelineno-9-50" href="#__codelineno-9-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-51" name="__codelineno-9-51" href="#__codelineno-9-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-52" name="__codelineno-9-52" href="#__codelineno-9-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-53" name="__codelineno-9-53" href="#__codelineno-9-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-54" name="__codelineno-9-54" href="#__codelineno-9-54"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-55" name="__codelineno-9-55" href="#__codelineno-9-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-56" name="__codelineno-9-56" href="#__codelineno-9-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-57" name="__codelineno-9-57" href="#__codelineno-9-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-58" name="__codelineno-9-58" href="#__codelineno-9-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-59" name="__codelineno-9-59" href="#__codelineno-9-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-60" name="__codelineno-9-60" href="#__codelineno-9-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-61" name="__codelineno-9-61" href="#__codelineno-9-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-62" name="__codelineno-9-62" href="#__codelineno-9-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-63" name="__codelineno-9-63" href="#__codelineno-9-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-64" name="__codelineno-9-64" href="#__codelineno-9-64"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-65" name="__codelineno-9-65" href="#__codelineno-9-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-66" name="__codelineno-9-66" href="#__codelineno-9-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">n_queens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">***</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'Q'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'#'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">***</span><span class="nf">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'#'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\0'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-44" name="__codelineno-10-44" href="#__codelineno-10-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-45" name="__codelineno-10-45" href="#__codelineno-10-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-46" name="__codelineno-10-46" href="#__codelineno-10-46"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-47" name="__codelineno-10-47" href="#__codelineno-10-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">***</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">***</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-48" name="__codelineno-10-48" href="#__codelineno-10-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-49" name="__codelineno-10-49" href="#__codelineno-10-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-50" name="__codelineno-10-50" href="#__codelineno-10-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-51" name="__codelineno-10-51" href="#__codelineno-10-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>?></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当放置完所有行时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">copyState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sRow</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toMutableList</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">copyState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">diag1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">diag2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">col</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：将皇后放置在该格子</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Q"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 放置下一行</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"#"</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag2</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">diag1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-42" name="__codelineno-11-42" href="#__codelineno-11-42"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-43" name="__codelineno-11-43" href="#__codelineno-11-43"></a><span class="cm">/* 求解 n 皇后 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-44" name="__codelineno-11-44" href="#__codelineno-11-44"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nQueens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>?></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-45" name="__codelineno-11-45" href="#__codelineno-11-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-46" name="__codelineno-11-46" href="#__codelineno-11-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-47" name="__codelineno-11-47" href="#__codelineno-11-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-48" name="__codelineno-11-48" href="#__codelineno-11-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-49" name="__codelineno-11-49" href="#__codelineno-11-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-50" name="__codelineno-11-50" href="#__codelineno-11-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-51" name="__codelineno-11-51" href="#__codelineno-11-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-52" name="__codelineno-11-52" href="#__codelineno-11-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-53" name="__codelineno-11-53" href="#__codelineno-11-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-54" name="__codelineno-11-54" href="#__codelineno-11-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">cols</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录列是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-55" name="__codelineno-11-55" href="#__codelineno-11-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">diags1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录主对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-56" name="__codelineno-11-56" href="#__codelineno-11-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">diags2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录次对角线上是否有皇后</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-57" name="__codelineno-11-57" href="#__codelineno-11-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="o">>>?></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-58" name="__codelineno-11-58" href="#__codelineno-11-58"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-59" name="__codelineno-11-59" href="#__codelineno-11-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">diags2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-60" name="__codelineno-11-60" href="#__codelineno-11-60"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-61" name="__codelineno-11-61" href="#__codelineno-11-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-62" name="__codelineno-11-62" href="#__codelineno-11-62"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">n_queens.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">nQueens</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
@@ -4286,11 +3813,6 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||||
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
|
||||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20row%3A%20int,%0A%20%20%20%20n%3A%20int,%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20cols%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20diags1%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20diags2%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9AN%20%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%AE%8C%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20row%20%3D%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28%5Blist%28row%29%20for%20row%20in%20state%5D%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20col%20in%20range%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E5%92%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20diag1%20%3D%20row%20-%20col%20%2B%20n%20-%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20diag2%20%3D%20row%20%2B%20col%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%88%97%E3%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E3%80%81%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20and%20not%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20and%20not%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%86%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%A8%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state%5Brow%5D%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20%22Q%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20%3D%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28row%20%2B%201,%20n,%20state,%20res,%20cols,%20diags1,%20diags2%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%86%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state%5Brow%5D%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20%22%23%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20%3D%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%0A%0Adef%20n_queens%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%B1%82%E8%A7%A3%20N%20%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%20n*n%20%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%A3%8B%E7%9B%98%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%20'Q'%20%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C'%23'%20%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20state%20%3D%20%5B%5B%22%23%22%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%29%5D%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cols%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20n%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20diags1%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20%282%20*%20n%20-%201%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20diags2%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20%282%20*%20n%20-%201%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%280,%20n,%20state,%20res,%20cols,%20diags1,%20diags2%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%204%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20n_queens%28n%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%A3%8B%E7%9B%98%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%BD%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bn%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89%20%7Blen%28res%29%7D%20%E7%A7%8D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20for%20state%20in%20res%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28%22--------------------%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20row%20in%20state%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28row%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=61&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20row%3A%20int,%0A%20%20%20%20n%3A%20int,%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20cols%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20diags1%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%20%20%20%20diags2%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9AN%20%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%AE%8C%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20row%20%3D%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28%5Blist%28row%29%20for%20row%20in%20state%5D%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20col%20in%20range%28n%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E5%92%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20diag1%20%3D%20row%20-%20col%20%2B%20n%20-%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20diag2%20%3D%20row%20%2B%20col%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%88%97%E3%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E3%80%81%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20and%20not%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20and%20not%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%86%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%A8%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state%5Brow%5D%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20%22Q%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20%3D%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28row%20%2B%201,%20n,%20state,%20res,%20cols,%20diags1,%20diags2%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%86%E8%AF%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%AD%90%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state%5Brow%5D%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20%22%23%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cols%5Bcol%5D%20%3D%20diags1%5Bdiag1%5D%20%3D%20diags2%5Bdiag2%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%0A%0Adef%20n_queens%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Blist%5Bstr%5D%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%B1%82%E8%A7%A3%20N%20%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%20n*n%20%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%A3%8B%E7%9B%98%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%20'Q'%20%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C'%23'%20%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20state%20%3D%20%5B%5B%22%23%22%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%29%5D%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cols%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20n%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20diags1%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20%282%20*%20n%20-%201%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E4%B8%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20diags2%20%3D%20%5BFalse%5D%20*%20%282%20*%20n%20-%201%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%280,%20n,%20state,%20res,%20cols,%20diags1,%20diags2%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%204%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20n_queens%28n%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%A3%8B%E7%9B%98%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%BD%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bn%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%89%20%7Blen%28res%29%7D%20%E7%A7%8D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20for%20state%20in%20res%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28%22--------------------%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20row%20in%20state%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20print%28row%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=61&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>Placing <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> queens row-by-row, considering column constraints, from the first row to the last row there are <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, <span class="arithmatex">\(n-1\)</span>, <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span>, <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span>, <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> choices, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span> time. When recording a solution, it is necessary to copy the matrix <code>state</code> and add it to <code>res</code>, with the copying operation using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> time. Therefore, <strong>the overall time complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n! \cdot n^2)\)</span></strong>. In practice, pruning based on diagonal constraints can significantly reduce the search space, thus often the search efficiency is better than the above time complexity.</p>
|
||||
<p>Array <code>state</code> uses <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> space, and arrays <code>cols</code>, <code>diags1</code>, and <code>diags2</code> each use <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> space. The maximum recursion depth is <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> stack space. Therefore, <strong>the space complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span></strong>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3763,92 +3763,63 @@
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""回溯算法：全排列 I"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="c1"># 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Backtracking algorithm: Permutation I"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="c1"># When the state length equals the number of elements, record the solution</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="c1"># Traverse all choices</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># Pruning: do not allow repeated selection of elements</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="c1"># 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="c1"># Attempt: make a choice, update the state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="c1"># 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="c1"># Proceed to the next round of selection</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="c1"># Retract: undo the choice, restore to the previous state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">permutations_i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""全排列 I"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Permutation I"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Backtracking algorithm: Permutation I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When the state length equals the number of elements, record the solution</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse all choices</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Pruning: do not allow repeated selection of elements</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Attempt: make a choice, update the state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Proceed to the next round of selection</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retract: undo the choice, restore to the previous state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Permutation I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
@@ -3857,330 +3828,57 @@
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RemoveAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PermutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutations_i</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutations_i</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">PermutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrackI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a> <span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">enumerated</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a> <span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a> <span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a> <span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">selected</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([...</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([...</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">permutations_i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 状态（子集）</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutations_i</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nf">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-44" name="__codelineno-10-44" href="#__codelineno-10-44"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toMutableList</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">removeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 I */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">permutationsI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_i.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutationsI</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
@@ -4197,11 +3895,6 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||||
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
|
||||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_i%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%203%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_i%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_i%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%203%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_i%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h2 id="1322-considering-cases-with-equal-elements">13.2.2 Considering cases with equal elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1322-considering-cases-with-equal-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="admonition question">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
|
||||
@@ -4228,98 +3921,67 @@
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""回溯算法：全排列 II"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a> <span class="c1"># 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Backtracking algorithm: Permutation II"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a> <span class="c1"># When the state length equals the number of elements, record the solution</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a> <span class="c1"># 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a> <span class="c1"># Traverse all choices</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a> <span class="n">duplicated</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a> <span class="c1"># 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a> <span class="c1"># Pruning: do not allow repeated selection of elements and do not allow repeated selection of equal elements</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">choice</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a> <span class="c1"># 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a> <span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a> <span class="c1"># Attempt: make a choice, update the state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a> <span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Record selected element values</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a> <span class="c1"># 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a> <span class="c1"># Proceed to the next round of selection</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19" href="#__codelineno-14-19"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a> <span class="c1"># 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a> <span class="c1"># Retract: undo the choice, restore to the previous state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21" href="#__codelineno-14-21"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22" href="#__codelineno-14-22"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23" href="#__codelineno-14-23"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24" href="#__codelineno-14-24"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">permutations_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""全排列 II"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Permutation II"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-26" name="__codelineno-14-26" href="#__codelineno-14-26"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-27" name="__codelineno-14-27" href="#__codelineno-14-27"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-14-28" name="__codelineno-14-28" href="#__codelineno-14-28"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unordered_set</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">emplace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-24" name="__codelineno-15-24" href="#__codelineno-15-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-25" name="__codelineno-15-25" href="#__codelineno-15-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-26" name="__codelineno-15-26" href="#__codelineno-15-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-27" name="__codelineno-15-27" href="#__codelineno-15-27"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-28" name="__codelineno-15-28" href="#__codelineno-15-28"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-29" name="__codelineno-15-29" href="#__codelineno-15-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-30" name="__codelineno-15-30" href="#__codelineno-15-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-31" name="__codelineno-15-31" href="#__codelineno-15-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-32" name="__codelineno-15-32" href="#__codelineno-15-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-33" name="__codelineno-15-33" href="#__codelineno-15-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-34" name="__codelineno-15-34" href="#__codelineno-15-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Backtracking algorithm: Permutation II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When the state length equals the number of elements, record the solution</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse all choices</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Set</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashSet</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Pruning: do not allow repeated selection of elements and do not allow repeated selection of equal elements</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Attempt: make a choice, update the state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record selected element values</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Proceed to the next round of selection</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retract: undo the choice, restore to the previous state</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24" href="#__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25" href="#__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26" href="#__codelineno-16-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="cm">/* Permutation II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-28" name="__codelineno-16-28" href="#__codelineno-16-28"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-29" name="__codelineno-16-29" href="#__codelineno-16-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-16-30" name="__codelineno-16-30" href="#__codelineno-16-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
@@ -4328,349 +3990,57 @@
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashSet</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RemoveAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PermutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutations_ii</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">Backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutations_ii</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">PermutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newState</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="p">{},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!</span><span class="nx">ok</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">!(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="p">{}{}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([][]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-33" name="__codelineno-18-33" href="#__codelineno-18-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrackII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-34" name="__codelineno-18-34" href="#__codelineno-18-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-35" name="__codelineno-18-35" href="#__codelineno-18-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrackII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a> <span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">duplicated</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Set</span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">enumerated</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a> <span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a> <span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a> <span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a> <span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">selected</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([...</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Set</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-22" name="__codelineno-20-22" href="#__codelineno-20-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-23" name="__codelineno-20-23" href="#__codelineno-20-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-24" name="__codelineno-20-24" href="#__codelineno-20-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-25" name="__codelineno-20-25" href="#__codelineno-20-25"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-26" name="__codelineno-20-26" href="#__codelineno-20-26"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-27" name="__codelineno-20-27" href="#__codelineno-20-27"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-28" name="__codelineno-20-28" href="#__codelineno-20-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-29" name="__codelineno-20-29" href="#__codelineno-20-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-30" name="__codelineno-20-30" href="#__codelineno-20-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-31" name="__codelineno-20-31" href="#__codelineno-20-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="p">[],</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">([...</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Set</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-15" name="__codelineno-21-15" href="#__codelineno-21-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-16" name="__codelineno-21-16" href="#__codelineno-21-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-17" name="__codelineno-21-17" href="#__codelineno-21-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">has</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-18" name="__codelineno-21-18" href="#__codelineno-21-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-19" name="__codelineno-21-19" href="#__codelineno-21-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-20" name="__codelineno-21-20" href="#__codelineno-21-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-21" name="__codelineno-21-21" href="#__codelineno-21-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-22" name="__codelineno-21-22" href="#__codelineno-21-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-23" name="__codelineno-21-23" href="#__codelineno-21-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-24" name="__codelineno-21-24" href="#__codelineno-21-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-25" name="__codelineno-21-25" href="#__codelineno-21-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-26" name="__codelineno-21-26" href="#__codelineno-21-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-27" name="__codelineno-21-27" href="#__codelineno-21-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-28" name="__codelineno-21-28" href="#__codelineno-21-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-29" name="__codelineno-21-29" href="#__codelineno-21-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-30" name="__codelineno-21-30" href="#__codelineno-21-30"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-31" name="__codelineno-21-31" href="#__codelineno-21-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-32" name="__codelineno-21-32" href="#__codelineno-21-32"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-33" name="__codelineno-21-33" href="#__codelineno-21-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[][]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-34" name="__codelineno-21-34" href="#__codelineno-21-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-35" name="__codelineno-21-35" href="#__codelineno-21-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-36" name="__codelineno-21-36" href="#__codelineno-21-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Set</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-24" name="__codelineno-22-24" href="#__codelineno-22-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-25" name="__codelineno-22-25" href="#__codelineno-22-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-26" name="__codelineno-22-26" href="#__codelineno-22-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-27" name="__codelineno-22-27" href="#__codelineno-22-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-28" name="__codelineno-22-28" href="#__codelineno-22-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-29" name="__codelineno-22-29" href="#__codelineno-22-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-30" name="__codelineno-22-30" href="#__codelineno-22-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-31" name="__codelineno-22-31" href="#__codelineno-22-31"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-32" name="__codelineno-22-32" href="#__codelineno-22-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-33" name="__codelineno-22-33" href="#__codelineno-22-33"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-34" name="__codelineno-22-34" href="#__codelineno-22-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-35" name="__codelineno-22-35" href="#__codelineno-22-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">([],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-36" name="__codelineno-22-36" href="#__codelineno-22-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-37" name="__codelineno-22-37" href="#__codelineno-22-37"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashSet</span>::<span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-24" name="__codelineno-23-24" href="#__codelineno-23-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-25" name="__codelineno-23-25" href="#__codelineno-23-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-26" name="__codelineno-23-26" href="#__codelineno-23-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-27" name="__codelineno-23-27" href="#__codelineno-23-27"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">permutations_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutations_ii</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-12" name="__codelineno-24-12" href="#__codelineno-24-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-13" name="__codelineno-24-13" href="#__codelineno-24-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-14" name="__codelineno-24-14" href="#__codelineno-24-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-15" name="__codelineno-24-15" href="#__codelineno-24-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-16" name="__codelineno-24-16" href="#__codelineno-24-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-17" name="__codelineno-24-17" href="#__codelineno-24-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-18" name="__codelineno-24-18" href="#__codelineno-24-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-19" name="__codelineno-24-19" href="#__codelineno-24-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-20" name="__codelineno-24-20" href="#__codelineno-24-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-21" name="__codelineno-24-21" href="#__codelineno-24-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-22" name="__codelineno-24-22" href="#__codelineno-24-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-23" name="__codelineno-24-23" href="#__codelineno-24-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stateSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choicesSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">resSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-24" name="__codelineno-24-24" href="#__codelineno-24-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-25" name="__codelineno-24-25" href="#__codelineno-24-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-26" name="__codelineno-24-26" href="#__codelineno-24-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-27" name="__codelineno-24-27" href="#__codelineno-24-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-28" name="__codelineno-24-28" href="#__codelineno-24-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-29" name="__codelineno-24-29" href="#__codelineno-24-29"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-30" name="__codelineno-24-30" href="#__codelineno-24-30"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-31" name="__codelineno-24-31" href="#__codelineno-24-31"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nf">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-32" name="__codelineno-24-32" href="#__codelineno-24-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-33" name="__codelineno-24-33" href="#__codelineno-24-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-34" name="__codelineno-24-34" href="#__codelineno-24-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-35" name="__codelineno-24-35" href="#__codelineno-24-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-36" name="__codelineno-24-36" href="#__codelineno-24-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-37" name="__codelineno-24-37" href="#__codelineno-24-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-38" name="__codelineno-24-38" href="#__codelineno-24-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-39" name="__codelineno-24-39" href="#__codelineno-24-39"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-40" name="__codelineno-24-40" href="#__codelineno-24-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numsSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returnSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-41" name="__codelineno-24-41" href="#__codelineno-24-41"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-42" name="__codelineno-24-42" href="#__codelineno-24-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-43" name="__codelineno-24-43" href="#__codelineno-24-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-44" name="__codelineno-24-44" href="#__codelineno-24-44"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-45" name="__codelineno-24-45" href="#__codelineno-24-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-46" name="__codelineno-24-46" href="#__codelineno-24-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 回溯算法：全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-9" name="__codelineno-25-9" href="#__codelineno-25-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-10" name="__codelineno-25-10" href="#__codelineno-25-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toMutableList</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-11" name="__codelineno-25-11" href="#__codelineno-25-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-12" name="__codelineno-25-12" href="#__codelineno-25-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-13" name="__codelineno-25-13" href="#__codelineno-25-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遍历所有选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-14" name="__codelineno-25-14" href="#__codelineno-25-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">duplicated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HashSet</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-15" name="__codelineno-25-15" href="#__codelineno-25-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-16" name="__codelineno-25-16" href="#__codelineno-25-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-17" name="__codelineno-25-17" href="#__codelineno-25-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-18" name="__codelineno-25-18" href="#__codelineno-25-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-19" name="__codelineno-25-19" href="#__codelineno-25-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 尝试：做出选择，更新状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-20" name="__codelineno-25-20" href="#__codelineno-25-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">duplicated</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录选择过的元素值</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-21" name="__codelineno-25-21" href="#__codelineno-25-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-22" name="__codelineno-25-22" href="#__codelineno-25-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-23" name="__codelineno-25-23" href="#__codelineno-25-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 进行下一轮选择</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-24" name="__codelineno-25-24" href="#__codelineno-25-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-25" name="__codelineno-25-25" href="#__codelineno-25-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-26" name="__codelineno-25-26" href="#__codelineno-25-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selected</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-27" name="__codelineno-25-27" href="#__codelineno-25-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">removeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-28" name="__codelineno-25-28" href="#__codelineno-25-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-29" name="__codelineno-25-29" href="#__codelineno-25-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-30" name="__codelineno-25-30" href="#__codelineno-25-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-31" name="__codelineno-25-31" href="#__codelineno-25-31"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-32" name="__codelineno-25-32" href="#__codelineno-25-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 全排列 II */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-33" name="__codelineno-25-33" href="#__codelineno-25-33"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">permutationsII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-34" name="__codelineno-25-34" href="#__codelineno-25-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">MutableList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">>?></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-35" name="__codelineno-25-35" href="#__codelineno-25-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BooleanArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-36" name="__codelineno-25-36" href="#__codelineno-25-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-37" name="__codelineno-25-37" href="#__codelineno-25-37"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">permutations_ii.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">permutationsII</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
@@ -4687,11 +4057,6 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||||
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
|
||||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20II%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20duplicated%20%3D%20set%5Bint%5D%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20%E4%B8%94%20%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%20and%20choice%20not%20in%20duplicated%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20duplicated.add%28choice%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E8%BF%87%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_ii%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20II%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%202%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_ii%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20II%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20duplicated%20%3D%20set%5Bint%5D%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20%E4%B8%94%20%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%20and%20choice%20not%20in%20duplicated%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20duplicated.add%28choice%29%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E8%BF%87%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_ii%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20II%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%202%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_ii%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>Assuming all elements are distinct from each other, there are <span class="arithmatex">\(n!\)</span> (factorial) permutations of <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> elements; when recording results, it is necessary to copy a list of length <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> time. <strong>Thus, the time complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!n)\)</span></strong>.</p>
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<p>The maximum recursion depth is <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> frame space. <code>Selected</code> uses <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> space. At any one time, there can be up to <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> <code>duplicated</code>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> space. <strong>Therefore, the space complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span></strong>.</p>
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<h3 id="3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods">3. Comparison of the two pruning methods<a class="headerlink" href="#3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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Load Diff
Reference in New Issue
Block a user