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@@ -80,61 +80,312 @@ $$
=== "Python"
```python title="edit_distance.py"
[class]{}-[func]{edit_distance_dp}
def edit_distance_dp(s: str, t: str) -> int:
"""编辑距离：动态规划"""
n, m = len(s), len(t)
dp = [[0] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]
# 状态转移：首行首列
for i in range(1, n + 1):
dp[i][0] = i
for j in range(1, m + 1):
dp[0][j] = j
# 状态转移：其余行列
for i in range(1, n + 1):
for j in range(1, m + 1):
if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:
# 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
else:
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1
return dp[n][m]
```
=== "C++"
```cpp title="edit_distance.cpp"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
int editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {
int n = s.length(), m = t.length();
vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1, 0));
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
=== "Java"
```java title="edit_distance.java"
[class]{edit_distance}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
int editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {
int n = s.length(), m = t.length();
int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][m + 1];
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="edit_distance.cs"
[class]{edit_distance}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
int editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {
int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i, 0] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0, j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n, m];
}
```
=== "Go"
```go title="edit_distance.go"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
func editDistanceDP(s string, t string) int {
n := len(s)
m := len(t)
dp := make([][]int, n+1)
for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {
dp[i] = make([]int, m+1)
}
// 状态转移：首行首列
for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
dp[i][0] = i
}
for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {
dp[0][j] = j
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {
if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j]), dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1
}
}
}
return dp[n][m]
}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="edit_distance.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
func editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
let n = s.utf8CString.count
let m = t.utf8CString.count
var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)
// 状态转移：首行首列
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
dp[i][0] = i
}
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
dp[0][j] = j
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1
}
}
}
return dp[n][m]
}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="edit_distance.js"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
function editDistanceDP(s, t) {
const n = s.length,
m = t.length;
const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () => new Array(m + 1).fill(0));
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = i;
}
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] =
Math.min(
Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]),
dp[i - 1][j - 1]
) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
=== "TS"
```typescript title="edit_distance.ts"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
function editDistanceDP(s: string, t: string): number {
const n = s.length,
m = t.length;
const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>
Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => 0)
);
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = i;
}
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] =
Math.min(
Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]),
dp[i - 1][j - 1]
) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="edit_distance.dart"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
int editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {
int n = s.length, m = t.length;
List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) => List.filled(m + 1, 0));
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
=== "Rust"
```rust title="edit_distance.rs"
[class]{}-[func]{edit_distance_dp}
/* 编辑距离：动态规划 */
fn edit_distance_dp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {
let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());
let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];
// 状态转移：首行首列
for i in 1..= n {
dp[i][0] = i as i32;
}
for j in 1..m {
dp[0][j] = j as i32;
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for i in 1..=n {
for j in 1..=m {
if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
dp[n][m]
}
```
=== "C"
@@ -146,7 +397,32 @@ $$
=== "Zig"
```zig title="edit_distance.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}
// 编辑距离：动态规划
fn editDistanceDP(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {
comptime var n = s.len;
comptime var m = t.len;
var dp = [_][m + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (m + 1)} ** (n + 1);
// 状态转移：首行首列
for (1..n + 1) |i| {
dp[i][0] = @intCast(i);
}
for (1..m + 1) |j| {
dp[0][j] = @intCast(j);
}
// 状态转移：其余行列
for (1..n + 1) |i| {
for (1..m + 1) |j| {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i][j] = @min(@min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
```
如图 14-30 所示，编辑距离问题的状态转移过程与背包问题非常类似，都可以看作是填写一个二维网格的过程。
@@ -207,61 +483,330 @@ $$
=== "Python"
```python title="edit_distance.py"
[class]{}-[func]{edit_distance_dp_comp}
def edit_distance_dp_comp(s: str, t: str) -> int:
"""编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划"""
n, m = len(s), len(t)
dp = [0] * (m + 1)
# 状态转移：首行
for j in range(1, m + 1):
dp[j] = j
# 状态转移：其余行
for i in range(1, n + 1):
# 状态转移：首列
leftup = dp[0] # 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] += 1
# 状态转移：其余列
for j in range(1, m + 1):
temp = dp[j]
if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:
# 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup
else:
# 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1
leftup = temp # 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
return dp[m]
```
=== "C++"
```cpp title="edit_distance.cpp"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
int editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {
int n = s.length(), m = t.length();
vector<int> dp(m + 1, 0);
// 状态转移：首行
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
int temp = dp[j];
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "Java"
```java title="edit_distance.java"
[class]{edit_distance}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
int editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {
int n = s.length(), m = t.length();
int[] dp = new int[m + 1];
// 状态转移：首行
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
int temp = dp[j];
if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="edit_distance.cs"
[class]{edit_distance}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
int editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {
int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
int[] dp = new int[m + 1];
// 状态转移：首行
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
int temp = dp[j];
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "Go"
```go title="edit_distance.go"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
func editDistanceDPComp(s string, t string) int {
n := len(s)
m := len(t)
dp := make([]int, m+1)
// 状态转移：首行
for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {
dp[j] = j
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
// 状态转移：首列
leftUp := dp[0] // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i
// 状态转移：其余列
for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {
temp := dp[j]
if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftUp
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[j-1], dp[j]), leftUp) + 1
}
leftUp = temp // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m]
}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="edit_distance.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
func editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
let n = s.utf8CString.count
let m = t.utf8CString.count
var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)
// 状态转移：首行
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
dp[j] = j
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
// 状态转移：首列
var leftup = dp[0] // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i
// 状态转移：其余列
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
let temp = dp[j]
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1
}
leftup = temp // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m]
}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="edit_distance.js"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：状态压缩后的动态规划 */
function editDistanceDPComp(s, t) {
const n = s.length,
m = t.length;
const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);
// 状态转移：首行
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
let leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
const temp = dp[j];
if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "TS"
```typescript title="edit_distance.ts"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：状态压缩后的动态规划 */
function editDistanceDPComp(s: string, t: string): number {
const n = s.length,
m = t.length;
const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);
// 状态转移：首行
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
let leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
const temp = dp[j];
if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="edit_distance.dart"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
int editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {
int n = s.length, m = t.length;
List<int> dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);
// 状态转移：首行
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移：首列
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移：其余列
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
int temp = dp[j];
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```
=== "Rust"
```rust title="edit_distance.rs"
[class]{}-[func]{edit_distance_dp_comp}
/* 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划 */
fn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {
let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());
let mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];
// 状态转移：首行
for j in 1..m {
dp[j] = j as i32;
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for i in 1..=n {
// 状态转移：首列
let mut leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i as i32;
// 状态转移：其余列
for j in 1..=m {
let temp = dp[j];
if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
dp[m]
}
```
=== "C"
@@ -273,5 +818,33 @@ $$
=== "Zig"
```zig title="edit_distance.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}
// 编辑距离：空间优化后的动态规划
fn editDistanceDPComp(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {
comptime var n = s.len;
comptime var m = t.len;
var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (m + 1);
// 状态转移：首行
for (1..m + 1) |j| {
dp[j] = @intCast(j);
}
// 状态转移：其余行
for (1..n + 1) |i| {
// 状态转移：首列
var leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = @intCast(i);
// 状态转移：其余列
for (1..m + 1) |j| {
var temp = dp[j];
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等，则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = @min(@min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
```