Add cpp codes cmake build method (#419)

* feat(codes/cpp): Add cmake build method

* feat(codes/cpp): Modify the cpp support version to c++17

* feat(codes/cpp): fix graph_adjacency_list.cpp cannot be compiled into an executable

* style(codes/cpp): Adjust the code to enhance compatibility.

* feat(codes/cpp): Change cpp version from 17 to 11.

codes/cpp/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.cpp

@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ public:
     /* 打印邻接表 */
     void print() {
         cout << "邻接表 =" << endl;
-        for (auto& [key, vec] : adjList) {
+        for (auto& adj  : adjList) {
+            const auto& key= adj.first;
+            const auto& vec = adj.second;
             cout << key->val << ": ";
             PrintUtil::printVector(vetsToVals(vec));
         }