mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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feat: Traditional Chinese version (#1163)
* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
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/**
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* File: n_queens.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-05-04
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class n_queens {
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/* 回溯演算法:n 皇后 */
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void Backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,
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bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {
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// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
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if (row == n) {
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List<List<string>> copyState = [];
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foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {
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copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));
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}
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res.Add(copyState);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有列
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for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
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// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
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int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
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int diag2 = row + col;
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// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
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if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
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// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
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state[row][col] = "Q";
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
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// 放置下一行
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Backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
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state[row][col] = "#";
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 求解 n 皇后 */
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List<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {
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// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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List<List<string>> state = [];
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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List<string> row = [];
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for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
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row.Add("#");
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}
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state.Add(row);
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}
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bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // 記錄列是否有皇后
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bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
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bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
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List<List<List<string>>> res = [];
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Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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return res;
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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int n = 4;
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List<List<List<string>>> res = NQueens(n);
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Console.WriteLine("輸入棋盤長寬為 " + n);
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Console.WriteLine("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.Count + " 種");
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foreach (List<List<string>> state in res) {
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Console.WriteLine("--------------------");
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foreach (List<string> row in state) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(row);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
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/**
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* File: permutations_i.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-24
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class permutations_i {
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 I */
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void Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if (state.Count == choices.Length) {
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res.Add(new List<int>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {
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int choice = choices[i];
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素
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if (!selected[i]) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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selected[i] = true;
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state.Add(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 全排列 I */
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List<List<int>> PermutationsI(int[] nums) {
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List<List<int>> res = [];
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Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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return res;
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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int[] nums = [1, 2, 3];
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List<List<int>> res = PermutationsI(nums);
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Console.WriteLine("輸入陣列 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums));
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Console.WriteLine("所有排列 res = ");
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foreach (List<int> permutation in res) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(permutation);
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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/**
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* File: permutations_ii.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-24
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class permutations_ii {
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 II */
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void Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if (state.Count == choices.Length) {
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res.Add(new List<int>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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HashSet<int> duplicated = [];
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for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {
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int choice = choices[i];
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 且 不允許重複選擇相等元素
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if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.Contains(choice)) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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duplicated.Add(choice); // 記錄選擇過的元素值
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selected[i] = true;
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state.Add(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 全排列 II */
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List<List<int>> PermutationsII(int[] nums) {
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List<List<int>> res = [];
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Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);
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return res;
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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int[] nums = [1, 2, 2];
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List<List<int>> res = PermutationsII(nums);
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Console.WriteLine("輸入陣列 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums));
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Console.WriteLine("所有排列 res = ");
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foreach (List<int> permutation in res) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(permutation);
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-17
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class preorder_traversal_i_compact {
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List<TreeNode> res = [];
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/* 前序走訪:例題一 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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if (root == null) {
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return;
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}
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if (root.val == 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.Add(root);
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}
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PreOrder(root.left);
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PreOrder(root.right);
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ListToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二元樹");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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PreOrder(root);
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Console.WriteLine("\n輸出所有值為 7 的節點");
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PrintUtil.PrintList(res.Select(p => p.val).ToList());
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-17
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class preorder_traversal_ii_compact {
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List<TreeNode> path = [];
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List<List<TreeNode>> res = [];
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/* 前序走訪:例題二 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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if (root == null) {
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return;
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}
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// 嘗試
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path.Add(root);
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if (root.val == 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));
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}
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PreOrder(root.left);
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PreOrder(root.right);
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// 回退
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path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ListToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二元樹");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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PreOrder(root);
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Console.WriteLine("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑");
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foreach (List<TreeNode> path in res) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(path.Select(p => p.val).ToList());
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-17
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class preorder_traversal_iii_compact {
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List<TreeNode> path = [];
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List<List<TreeNode>> res = [];
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/* 前序走訪:例題三 */
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void PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {
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// 剪枝
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if (root == null || root.val == 3) {
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return;
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}
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// 嘗試
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path.Add(root);
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if (root.val == 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));
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}
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PreOrder(root.left);
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PreOrder(root.right);
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// 回退
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path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ListToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二元樹");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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PreOrder(root);
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Console.WriteLine("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
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foreach (List<TreeNode> path in res) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(path.Select(p => p.val).ToList());
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-04-17
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
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public class preorder_traversal_iii_template {
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/* 判斷當前狀態是否為解 */
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bool IsSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {
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return state.Count != 0 && state[^1].val == 7;
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}
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/* 記錄解 */
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void RecordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {
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res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(state));
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}
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/* 判斷在當前狀態下,該選擇是否合法 */
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bool IsValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
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return choice != null && choice.val != 3;
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}
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/* 更新狀態 */
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void MakeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
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state.Add(choice);
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}
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/* 恢復狀態 */
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void UndoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
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state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
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}
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/* 回溯演算法:例題三 */
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void Backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {
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// 檢查是否為解
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if (IsSolution(state)) {
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// 記錄解
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RecordSolution(state, res);
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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foreach (TreeNode choice in choices) {
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// 剪枝:檢查選擇是否合法
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if (IsValid(state, choice)) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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MakeChoice(state, choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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Backtrack(state, [choice.left!, choice.right!], res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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UndoChoice(state, choice);
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}
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}
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}
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ListToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二元樹");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
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// 回溯演算法
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List<List<TreeNode>> res = [];
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List<TreeNode> choices = [root!];
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Backtrack([], choices, res);
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Console.WriteLine("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,要求路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
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foreach (List<TreeNode> path in res) {
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PrintUtil.PrintList(path.Select(p => p.val).ToList());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
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@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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/**
|
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* File: subset_sum_i.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-25
|
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
|
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*/
|
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|
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
|
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|
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public class subset_sum_i {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
void Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (target == 0) {
|
||||
res.Add(new List<int>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.Add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I */
|
||||
List<List<int>> SubsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<int> state = []; // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
Array.Sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test() {
|
||||
int[] nums = [3, 4, 5];
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = SubsetSumI(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("輸入陣列 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = ");
|
||||
foreach (var subset in res) {
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintList(subset);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_i_naive.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-25
|
||||
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
public class subset_sum_i_naive {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
void Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<int>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (total == target) {
|
||||
res.Add(new List<int>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝:若子集和超過 target ,則跳過該選擇
|
||||
if (total + choices[i] > target) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新元素和 total
|
||||
state.Add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I(包含重複子集) */
|
||||
List<List<int>> SubsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<int> state = []; // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
int total = 0; // 子集和
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test() {
|
||||
int[] nums = [3, 4, 5];
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = SubsetSumINaive(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("輸入陣列 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = ");
|
||||
foreach (var subset in res) {
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintList(subset);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("請注意,該方法輸出的結果包含重複集合");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_ii.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-25
|
||||
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
public class subset_sum_ii {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
|
||||
void Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (target == 0) {
|
||||
res.Add(new List<int>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
|
||||
for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
|
||||
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.Add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 II */
|
||||
List<List<int>> SubsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<int> state = []; // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
Array.Sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test() {
|
||||
int[] nums = [4, 4, 5];
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
List<List<int>> res = SubsetSumII(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("輸入陣列 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = ");
|
||||
foreach (var subset in res) {
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintList(subset);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user