mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2026-07-12 23:36:06 +00:00
feat: Traditional Chinese version (#1163)
* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: n_queens.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class n_queens {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:n 皇后 */
|
||||
public static void backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<String>> state, List<List<List<String>>> res,
|
||||
boolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {
|
||||
// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
|
||||
if (row == n) {
|
||||
List<List<String>> copyState = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (List<String> sRow : state) {
|
||||
copyState.add(new ArrayList<>(sRow));
|
||||
}
|
||||
res.add(copyState);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有列
|
||||
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
|
||||
// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
|
||||
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
|
||||
int diag2 = row + col;
|
||||
// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
|
||||
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
|
||||
// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
|
||||
state.get(row).set(col, "Q");
|
||||
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
|
||||
// 放置下一行
|
||||
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
|
||||
// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
|
||||
state.get(row).set(col, "#");
|
||||
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
|
||||
public static List<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {
|
||||
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
|
||||
List<List<String>> state = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
||||
List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
|
||||
row.add("#");
|
||||
}
|
||||
state.add(row);
|
||||
}
|
||||
boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // 記錄列是否有皇后
|
||||
boolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
|
||||
boolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
|
||||
List<List<List<String>>> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
|
||||
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
|
||||
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int n = 4;
|
||||
List<List<List<String>>> res = nQueens(n);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入棋盤長寬為 " + n);
|
||||
System.out.println("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.size() + " 種");
|
||||
for (List<List<String>> state : res) {
|
||||
System.out.println("--------------------");
|
||||
for (List<String> row : state) {
|
||||
System.out.println(row);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: permutations_i.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-24
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class permutations_i {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:全排列 I */
|
||||
public static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {
|
||||
// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
|
||||
if (state.size() == choices.length) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
int choice = choices[i];
|
||||
// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素
|
||||
if (!selected[i]) {
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
|
||||
selected[i] = true;
|
||||
state.add(choice);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
selected[i] = false;
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 全排列 I */
|
||||
static List<List<Integer>> permutationsI(int[] nums) {
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
|
||||
backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
|
||||
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = permutationsI(nums);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums));
|
||||
System.out.println("所有排列 res = " + res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: permutations_ii.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-24
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class permutations_ii {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:全排列 II */
|
||||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {
|
||||
// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
|
||||
if (state.size() == choices.length) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
Set<Integer> duplicated = new HashSet<Integer>();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
int choice = choices[i];
|
||||
// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 且 不允許重複選擇相等元素
|
||||
if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) {
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
|
||||
duplicated.add(choice); // 記錄選擇過的元素值
|
||||
selected[i] = true;
|
||||
state.add(choice);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
selected[i] = false;
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 全排列 II */
|
||||
static List<List<Integer>> permutationsII(int[] nums) {
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
|
||||
backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 2, 2 };
|
||||
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = permutationsII(nums);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums));
|
||||
System.out.println("所有排列 res = " + res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: preorder_traversal_i_compact.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-16
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import utils.*;
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class preorder_traversal_i_compact {
|
||||
static List<TreeNode> res;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序走訪:例題一 */
|
||||
static void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
if (root == null) {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (root.val == 7) {
|
||||
// 記錄解
|
||||
res.add(root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
preOrder(root.left);
|
||||
preOrder(root.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(Arrays.asList(1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
|
||||
System.out.println("\n初始化二元樹");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 前序走訪
|
||||
res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
preOrder(root);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("\n輸出所有值為 7 的節點");
|
||||
List<Integer> vals = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (TreeNode node : res) {
|
||||
vals.add(node.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(vals);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-16
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import utils.*;
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class preorder_traversal_ii_compact {
|
||||
static List<TreeNode> path;
|
||||
static List<List<TreeNode>> res;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序走訪:例題二 */
|
||||
static void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
if (root == null) {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試
|
||||
path.add(root);
|
||||
if (root.val == 7) {
|
||||
// 記錄解
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
|
||||
}
|
||||
preOrder(root.left);
|
||||
preOrder(root.right);
|
||||
// 回退
|
||||
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(Arrays.asList(1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
|
||||
System.out.println("\n初始化二元樹");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 前序走訪
|
||||
path = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
preOrder(root);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑");
|
||||
for (List<TreeNode> path : res) {
|
||||
List<Integer> vals = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (TreeNode node : path) {
|
||||
vals.add(node.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(vals);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-16
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import utils.*;
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class preorder_traversal_iii_compact {
|
||||
static List<TreeNode> path;
|
||||
static List<List<TreeNode>> res;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 前序走訪:例題三 */
|
||||
static void preOrder(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
// 剪枝
|
||||
if (root == null || root.val == 3) {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試
|
||||
path.add(root);
|
||||
if (root.val == 7) {
|
||||
// 記錄解
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
|
||||
}
|
||||
preOrder(root.left);
|
||||
preOrder(root.right);
|
||||
// 回退
|
||||
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(Arrays.asList(1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
|
||||
System.out.println("\n初始化二元樹");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 前序走訪
|
||||
path = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
preOrder(root);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
|
||||
for (List<TreeNode> path : res) {
|
||||
List<Integer> vals = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (TreeNode node : path) {
|
||||
vals.add(node.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(vals);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: preorder_traversal_iii_template.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-04-16
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import utils.*;
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class preorder_traversal_iii_template {
|
||||
/* 判斷當前狀態是否為解 */
|
||||
static boolean isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {
|
||||
return !state.isEmpty() && state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 記錄解 */
|
||||
static void recordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判斷在當前狀態下,該選擇是否合法 */
|
||||
static boolean isValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
|
||||
return choice != null && choice.val != 3;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新狀態 */
|
||||
static void makeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
|
||||
state.add(choice);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 恢復狀態 */
|
||||
static void undoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:例題三 */
|
||||
static void backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {
|
||||
// 檢查是否為解
|
||||
if (isSolution(state)) {
|
||||
// 記錄解
|
||||
recordSolution(state, res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for (TreeNode choice : choices) {
|
||||
// 剪枝:檢查選擇是否合法
|
||||
if (isValid(state, choice)) {
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
|
||||
makeChoice(state, choice);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, Arrays.asList(choice.left, choice.right), res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
undoChoice(state, choice);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(Arrays.asList(1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7));
|
||||
System.out.println("\n初始化二元樹");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
// 回溯演算法
|
||||
List<List<TreeNode>> res = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
backtrack(new ArrayList<>(), Arrays.asList(root), res);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,要求路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
|
||||
for (List<TreeNode> path : res) {
|
||||
List<Integer> vals = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
for (TreeNode node : path) {
|
||||
vals.add(node.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.println(vals);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_i.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class subset_sum_i {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (target == 0) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I */
|
||||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
Arrays.sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int[] nums = { 3, 4, 5 };
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumI(nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
System.out.println("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_i_naive.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class subset_sum_i_naive {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<Integer>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (total == target) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝:若子集和超過 target ,則跳過該選擇
|
||||
if (total + choices[i] > target) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新元素和 total
|
||||
state.add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I(包含重複子集) */
|
||||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
int total = 0; // 子集和
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int[] nums = { 3, 4, 5 };
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumINaive(nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
System.out.println("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
|
||||
System.out.println("請注意,該方法輸出的結果包含重複集合");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_ii.java
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
|
||||
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_backtracking;
|
||||
|
||||
import java.util.*;
|
||||
|
||||
public class subset_sum_ii {
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
|
||||
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (target == 0) {
|
||||
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
|
||||
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
|
||||
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.add(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 II */
|
||||
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
|
||||
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
Arrays.sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
|
||||
System.out.println("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user