mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2026-07-12 23:36:06 +00:00
feat: Traditional Chinese version (#1163)
* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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/**
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* File: n_queens.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-13
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:n 皇后 */
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function backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2) {
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// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
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if (row === n) {
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res.push(state.map((row) => row.slice()));
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有列
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for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {
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// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
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const diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
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const diag2 = row + col;
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// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
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if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
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// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
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state[row][col] = 'Q';
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
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// 放置下一行
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backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
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state[row][col] = '#';
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 求解 n 皇后 */
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function nQueens(n) {
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// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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const state = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(n).fill('#'));
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const cols = Array(n).fill(false); // 記錄列是否有皇后
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const diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
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const diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
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const res = [];
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backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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return res;
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}
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// Driver Code
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const n = 4;
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const res = nQueens(n);
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console.log(`輸入棋盤長寬為 ${n}`);
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console.log(`皇后放置方案共有 ${res.length} 種`);
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res.forEach((state) => {
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console.log('--------------------');
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state.forEach((row) => console.log(row));
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});
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
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/**
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* File: permutations_i.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-13
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 I */
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function backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if (state.length === choices.length) {
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res.push([...state]);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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choices.forEach((choice, i) => {
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素
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if (!selected[i]) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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selected[i] = true;
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state.push(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.pop();
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}
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});
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}
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/* 全排列 I */
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function permutationsI(nums) {
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const res = [];
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backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);
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return res;
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}
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// Driver Code
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const nums = [1, 2, 3];
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const res = permutationsI(nums);
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console.log(`輸入陣列 nums = ${JSON.stringify(nums)}`);
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console.log(`所有排列 res = ${JSON.stringify(res)}`);
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
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/**
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* File: permutations_ii.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-13
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 II */
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function backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if (state.length === choices.length) {
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res.push([...state]);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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const duplicated = new Set();
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choices.forEach((choice, i) => {
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 且 不允許重複選擇相等元素
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if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.has(choice)) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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duplicated.add(choice); // 記錄選擇過的元素值
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selected[i] = true;
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state.push(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.pop();
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}
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});
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}
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/* 全排列 II */
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function permutationsII(nums) {
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const res = [];
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backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);
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return res;
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}
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// Driver Code
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const nums = [1, 2, 2];
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const res = permutationsII(nums);
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console.log(`輸入陣列 nums = ${JSON.stringify(nums)}`);
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console.log(`所有排列 res = ${JSON.stringify(res)}`);
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_i_compact.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-09
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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const { arrToTree } = require('../modules/TreeNode');
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const { printTree } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
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/* 前序走訪:例題一 */
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function preOrder(root, res) {
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if (root === null) {
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return;
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}
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if (root.val === 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.push(root);
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}
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preOrder(root.left, res);
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preOrder(root.right, res);
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}
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// Driver Code
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const root = arrToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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console.log('\n初始化二元樹');
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printTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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const res = [];
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preOrder(root, res);
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console.log('\n輸出所有值為 7 的節點');
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console.log(res.map((node) => node.val));
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-09
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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const { arrToTree } = require('../modules/TreeNode');
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const { printTree } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
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/* 前序走訪:例題二 */
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function preOrder(root, path, res) {
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if (root === null) {
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return;
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}
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// 嘗試
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path.push(root);
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if (root.val === 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.push([...path]);
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}
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preOrder(root.left, path, res);
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preOrder(root.right, path, res);
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// 回退
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path.pop();
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}
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// Driver Code
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const root = arrToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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console.log('\n初始化二元樹');
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printTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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const path = [];
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const res = [];
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preOrder(root, path, res);
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console.log('\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑');
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res.forEach((path) => {
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console.log(path.map((node) => node.val));
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});
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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-09
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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const { arrToTree } = require('../modules/TreeNode');
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const { printTree } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
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/* 前序走訪:例題三 */
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function preOrder(root, path, res) {
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// 剪枝
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if (root === null || root.val === 3) {
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return;
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}
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// 嘗試
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path.push(root);
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if (root.val === 7) {
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// 記錄解
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res.push([...path]);
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}
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preOrder(root.left, path, res);
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preOrder(root.right, path, res);
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// 回退
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path.pop();
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}
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// Driver Code
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const root = arrToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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console.log('\n初始化二元樹');
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printTree(root);
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// 前序走訪
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const path = [];
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const res = [];
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preOrder(root, path, res);
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console.log('\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點');
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res.forEach((path) => {
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console.log(path.map((node) => node.val));
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});
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@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
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/**
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_template.js
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* Created Time: 2023-05-09
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* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
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*/
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const { arrToTree } = require('../modules/TreeNode');
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const { printTree } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
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/* 判斷當前狀態是否為解 */
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function isSolution(state) {
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return state && state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;
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}
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/* 記錄解 */
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function recordSolution(state, res) {
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res.push([...state]);
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}
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/* 判斷在當前狀態下,該選擇是否合法 */
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function isValid(state, choice) {
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return choice !== null && choice.val !== 3;
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}
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/* 更新狀態 */
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function makeChoice(state, choice) {
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state.push(choice);
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}
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/* 恢復狀態 */
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function undoChoice(state) {
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state.pop();
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}
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/* 回溯演算法:例題三 */
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function backtrack(state, choices, res) {
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// 檢查是否為解
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if (isSolution(state)) {
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// 記錄解
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recordSolution(state, res);
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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for (const choice of choices) {
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// 剪枝:檢查選擇是否合法
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if (isValid(state, choice)) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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makeChoice(state, choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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undoChoice(state);
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}
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}
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}
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// Driver Code
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const root = arrToTree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
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console.log('\n初始化二元樹');
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printTree(root);
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// 回溯演算法
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const res = [];
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backtrack([], [root], res);
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console.log('\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,要求路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點');
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res.forEach((path) => {
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console.log(path.map((node) => node.val));
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});
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_i.js
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* Created Time: 2023-07-30
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* Author: yuan0221 (yl1452491917@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
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function backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {
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// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
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if (target === 0) {
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res.push([...state]);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
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for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
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// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
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state.push(choices[i]);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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state.pop();
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 I */
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function subsetSumI(nums, target) {
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const state = []; // 狀態(子集)
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nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // 對 nums 進行排序
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const start = 0; // 走訪起始點
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const res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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const nums = [3, 4, 5];
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const target = 9;
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const res = subsetSumI(nums, target);
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console.log(`輸入陣列 nums = ${JSON.stringify(nums)}, target = ${target}`);
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console.log(`所有和等於 ${target} 的子集 res = ${JSON.stringify(res)}`);
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
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/**
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* File: subset_sum_i_naive.js
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* Created Time: 2023-07-30
|
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* Author: yuan0221 (yl1452491917@gmail.com)
|
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
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function backtrack(state, target, total, choices, res) {
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// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
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if (total === target) {
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res.push([...state]);
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return;
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}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝:若子集和超過 target ,則跳過該選擇
|
||||
if (total + choices[i] > target) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新元素和 total
|
||||
state.push(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I(包含重複子集) */
|
||||
function subsetSumINaive(nums, target) {
|
||||
const state = []; // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
const total = 0; // 子集和
|
||||
const res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
const nums = [3, 4, 5];
|
||||
const target = 9;
|
||||
const res = subsetSumINaive(nums, target);
|
||||
console.log(`輸入陣列 nums = ${JSON.stringify(nums)}, target = ${target}`);
|
||||
console.log(`所有和等於 ${target} 的子集 res = ${JSON.stringify(res)}`);
|
||||
console.log('請注意,該方法輸出的結果包含重複集合');
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_ii.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-30
|
||||
* Author: yuan0221 (yl1452491917@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
|
||||
function backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if (target === 0) {
|
||||
res.push([...state]);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
|
||||
for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
|
||||
if (i > start && choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.push(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 II */
|
||||
function subsetSumII(nums, target) {
|
||||
const state = []; // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
const start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
const res = []; // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
const nums = [4, 4, 5];
|
||||
const target = 9;
|
||||
const res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
|
||||
console.log(`輸入陣列 nums = ${JSON.stringify(nums)}, target = ${target}`);
|
||||
console.log(`所有和等於 ${target} 的子集 res = ${JSON.stringify(res)}`);
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user