mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2026-09-03 13:47:13 +00:00
feat: Traditional Chinese version (#1163)
* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
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/*
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* File: n_queens.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:n 皇后 */
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fn backtrack(
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row: usize,
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n: usize,
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state: &mut Vec<Vec<String>>,
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res: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>>,
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cols: &mut [bool],
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diags1: &mut [bool],
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diags2: &mut [bool],
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) {
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// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
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if row == n {
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let mut copy_state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();
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for s_row in state.clone() {
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copy_state.push(s_row);
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}
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res.push(copy_state);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有列
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for col in 0..n {
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// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
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let diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;
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let diag2 = row + col;
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// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
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if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {
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// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
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state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = "Q".into();
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(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);
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// 放置下一行
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backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
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state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = "#".into();
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(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 求解 n 皇后 */
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fn n_queens(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> {
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// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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let mut state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();
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for _ in 0..n {
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let mut row: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
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for _ in 0..n {
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row.push("#".into());
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}
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state.push(row);
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}
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let mut cols = vec![false; n]; // 記錄列是否有皇后
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let mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
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let mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
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let mut res: Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> = Vec::new();
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backtrack(
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0,
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n,
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&mut state,
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&mut res,
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&mut cols,
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&mut diags1,
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&mut diags2,
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);
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res
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let n: usize = 4;
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let res = n_queens(n);
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println!("輸入棋盤長寬為 {n}");
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println!("皇后放置方案共有 {} 種", res.len());
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for state in res.iter() {
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println!("--------------------");
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for row in state.iter() {
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println!("{:?}", row);
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
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/*
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* File: permutations_i.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 I */
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fn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if state.len() == choices.len() {
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res.push(state);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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for i in 0..choices.len() {
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let choice = choices[i];
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素
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if !selected[i] {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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selected[i] = true;
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state.push(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.remove(state.len() - 1);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 全排列 I */
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fn permutations_i(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
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let mut res = Vec::new(); // 狀態(子集)
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backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);
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res
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let mut nums = [1, 2, 3];
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let res = permutations_i(&mut nums);
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println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}", &nums);
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println!("所有排列 res = {:?}", &res);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
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/*
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* File: permutations_ii.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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use std::collections::HashSet;
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/* 回溯演算法:全排列 II */
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fn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {
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// 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解
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if state.len() == choices.len() {
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res.push(state);
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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let mut duplicated = HashSet::<i32>::new();
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for i in 0..choices.len() {
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let choice = choices[i];
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// 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 且 不允許重複選擇相等元素
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if !selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(&choice) {
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
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duplicated.insert(choice); // 記錄選擇過的元素值
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selected[i] = true;
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state.push(choice);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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selected[i] = false;
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state.remove(state.len() - 1);
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}
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}
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}
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/* 全排列 II */
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fn permutations_ii(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
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let mut res = Vec::new();
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backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);
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res
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let mut nums = [1, 2, 2];
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let res = permutations_ii(&mut nums);
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println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}", &nums);
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println!("所有排列 res = {:?}", &res);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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/*
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* File: preorder_traversal_i_compact.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
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use tree_node::{vec_to_tree, TreeNode};
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/* 前序走訪:例題一 */
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fn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {
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if root.is_none() {
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return;
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}
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if let Some(node) = root {
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if node.borrow().val == 7 {
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// 記錄解
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res.push(node.clone());
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}
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pre_order(res, node.borrow().left.clone());
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pre_order(res, node.borrow().right.clone());
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let root = vec_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].map(|x| Some(x)).to_vec());
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println!("初始化二元樹");
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print_util::print_tree(root.as_ref().unwrap());
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// 前序走訪
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let mut res = Vec::new();
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pre_order(&mut res, root);
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println!("\n輸出所有值為 7 的節點");
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let mut vals = Vec::new();
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for node in res {
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vals.push(node.borrow().val)
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}
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println!("{:?}", vals);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
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/*
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* File: preorder_traversal_ii_compact.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
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use tree_node::{vec_to_tree, TreeNode};
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/* 前序走訪:例題二 */
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fn pre_order(
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res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>,
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path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
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root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
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) {
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if root.is_none() {
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return;
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}
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if let Some(node) = root {
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// 嘗試
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path.push(node.clone());
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if node.borrow().val == 7 {
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// 記錄解
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res.push(path.clone());
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}
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pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());
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pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());
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// 回退
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path.remove(path.len() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let root = vec_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].map(|x| Some(x)).to_vec());
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println!("初始化二元樹");
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print_util::print_tree(root.as_ref().unwrap());
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// 前序走訪
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let mut path = Vec::new();
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let mut res = Vec::new();
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pre_order(&mut res, &mut path, root);
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println!("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑");
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for path in res {
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let mut vals = Vec::new();
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for node in path {
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vals.push(node.borrow().val)
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}
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println!("{:?}", vals);
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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/*
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
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use tree_node::{vec_to_tree, TreeNode};
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/* 前序走訪:例題三 */
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fn pre_order(
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res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>,
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path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
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root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
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) {
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// 剪枝
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if root.is_none() || root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow().val == 3 {
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return;
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}
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if let Some(node) = root {
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// 嘗試
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path.push(node.clone());
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if node.borrow().val == 7 {
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// 記錄解
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res.push(path.clone());
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}
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pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());
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pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());
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// 回退
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path.remove(path.len() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let root = vec_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].map(|x| Some(x)).to_vec());
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println!("初始化二元樹");
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print_util::print_tree(root.as_ref().unwrap());
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// 前序走訪
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let mut path = Vec::new();
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let mut res = Vec::new();
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pre_order(&mut res, &mut path, root);
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println!("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
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for path in res {
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let mut vals = Vec::new();
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for node in path {
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vals.push(node.borrow().val)
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}
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println!("{:?}", vals);
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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/*
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* File: preorder_traversal_iii_template.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-15
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
|
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*/
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|
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
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use tree_node::{vec_to_tree, TreeNode};
|
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|
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/* 判斷當前狀態是否為解 */
|
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fn is_solution(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> bool {
|
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return !state.is_empty() && state.get(state.len() - 1).unwrap().borrow().val == 7;
|
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}
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/* 記錄解 */
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fn record_solution(
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state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
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res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>,
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) {
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res.push(state.clone());
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}
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/* 判斷在當前狀態下,該選擇是否合法 */
|
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fn is_valid(_: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) -> bool {
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return choice.borrow().val != 3;
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}
|
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/* 更新狀態 */
|
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fn make_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {
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state.push(choice);
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}
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|
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/* 恢復狀態 */
|
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fn undo_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, _: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {
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state.remove(state.len() - 1);
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}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:例題三 */
|
||||
fn backtrack(
|
||||
state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
|
||||
choices: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
|
||||
res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>,
|
||||
) {
|
||||
// 檢查是否為解
|
||||
if is_solution(state) {
|
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// 記錄解
|
||||
record_solution(state, res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for choice in choices {
|
||||
// 剪枝:檢查選擇是否合法
|
||||
if is_valid(state, choice.clone()) {
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態
|
||||
make_choice(state, choice.clone());
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(
|
||||
state,
|
||||
&mut vec![
|
||||
choice.borrow().left.clone().unwrap(),
|
||||
choice.borrow().right.clone().unwrap(),
|
||||
],
|
||||
res,
|
||||
);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
undo_choice(state, choice.clone());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
pub fn main() {
|
||||
let root = vec_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].map(|x| Some(x)).to_vec());
|
||||
println!("初始化二元樹");
|
||||
print_util::print_tree(root.as_ref().unwrap());
|
||||
|
||||
// 回溯演算法
|
||||
let mut res = Vec::new();
|
||||
backtrack(&mut Vec::new(), &mut vec![root.unwrap()], &mut res);
|
||||
|
||||
println!("\n輸出所有根節點到節點 7 的路徑,要求路徑中不包含值為 3 的節點");
|
||||
for path in res {
|
||||
let mut vals = Vec::new();
|
||||
for node in path {
|
||||
vals.push(node.borrow().val)
|
||||
}
|
||||
println!("{:?}", vals);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_i.rs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-09
|
||||
* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
fn backtrack(
|
||||
mut state: Vec<i32>,
|
||||
target: i32,
|
||||
choices: &[i32],
|
||||
start: usize,
|
||||
res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>,
|
||||
) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if target == 0 {
|
||||
res.push(state);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
for i in start..choices.len() {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if target - choices[i] < 0 {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.push(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I */
|
||||
fn subset_sum_i(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
|
||||
let state = Vec::new(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
nums.sort(); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
let start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
let mut res = Vec::new(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);
|
||||
res
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
pub fn main() {
|
||||
let mut nums = [3, 4, 5];
|
||||
let target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
let res = subset_sum_i(&mut nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}, target = {}", &nums, target);
|
||||
println!("所有和等於 {} 的子集 res = {:?}", target, &res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_i_naive.rs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-09
|
||||
* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 I */
|
||||
fn backtrack(
|
||||
mut state: Vec<i32>,
|
||||
target: i32,
|
||||
total: i32,
|
||||
choices: &[i32],
|
||||
res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>,
|
||||
) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if total == target {
|
||||
res.push(state);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
for i in 0..choices.len() {
|
||||
// 剪枝:若子集和超過 target ,則跳過該選擇
|
||||
if total + choices[i] > target {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新元素和 total
|
||||
state.push(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state.clone(), target, total + choices[i], choices, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 I(包含重複子集) */
|
||||
fn subset_sum_i_naive(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
|
||||
let state = Vec::new(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
let total = 0; // 子集和
|
||||
let mut res = Vec::new(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, total, nums, &mut res);
|
||||
res
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
pub fn main() {
|
||||
let nums = [3, 4, 5];
|
||||
let target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
let res = subset_sum_i_naive(&nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}, target = {}", &nums, target);
|
||||
println!("所有和等於 {} 的子集 res = {:?}", target, &res);
|
||||
println!("請注意,該方法輸出的結果包含重複集合");
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: subset_sum_ii.rs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-09
|
||||
* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
|
||||
fn backtrack(
|
||||
mut state: Vec<i32>,
|
||||
target: i32,
|
||||
choices: &[i32],
|
||||
start: usize,
|
||||
res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>,
|
||||
) {
|
||||
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
|
||||
if target == 0 {
|
||||
res.push(state);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 走訪所有選擇
|
||||
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
|
||||
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
|
||||
for i in start..choices.len() {
|
||||
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
|
||||
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
|
||||
if target - choices[i] < 0 {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
|
||||
if i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
|
||||
state.push(choices[i]);
|
||||
// 進行下一輪選擇
|
||||
backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);
|
||||
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
|
||||
state.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 求解子集和 II */
|
||||
fn subset_sum_ii(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
|
||||
let state = Vec::new(); // 狀態(子集)
|
||||
nums.sort(); // 對 nums 進行排序
|
||||
let start = 0; // 走訪起始點
|
||||
let mut res = Vec::new(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
|
||||
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);
|
||||
res
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
pub fn main() {
|
||||
let mut nums = [4, 4, 5];
|
||||
let target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
let res = subset_sum_ii(&mut nums, target);
|
||||
|
||||
println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}, target = {}", &nums, target);
|
||||
println!("所有和等於 {} 的子集 res = {:?}", target, &res);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user