mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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feat: Traditional Chinese version (#1163)
* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
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/*
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* File: bubble_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-05
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* Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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/* 泡沫排序 */
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fn bubble_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i]
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for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {
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// 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端
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for j in 0..i {
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if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {
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// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]
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let tmp = nums[j];
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nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
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nums[j + 1] = tmp;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/* 泡沫排序(標誌最佳化) */
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fn bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i]
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for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {
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let mut flag = false; // 初始化標誌位
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// 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端
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for j in 0..i {
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if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {
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// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]
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let tmp = nums[j];
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nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
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nums[j + 1] = tmp;
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flag = true; // 記錄交換元素
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}
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}
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if !flag {
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break; // 此輪“冒泡”未交換任何元素,直接跳出
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};
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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pub fn main() {
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let mut nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2];
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bubble_sort(&mut nums);
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print!("泡沫排序完成後 nums = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums);
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let mut nums1 = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2];
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bubble_sort_with_flag(&mut nums1);
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print!("\n泡沫排序完成後 nums1 = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums1);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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/*
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* File: bucket_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-09
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* Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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/* 桶排序 */
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fn bucket_sort(nums: &mut [f64]) {
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// 初始化 k = n/2 個桶,預期向每個桶分配 2 個元素
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let k = nums.len() / 2;
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let mut buckets = vec![vec![]; k];
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// 1. 將陣列元素分配到各個桶中
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for &mut num in &mut *nums {
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// 輸入資料範圍為 [0, 1),使用 num * k 對映到索引範圍 [0, k-1]
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let i = (num * k as f64) as usize;
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// 將 num 新增進桶 i
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buckets[i].push(num);
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}
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// 2. 對各個桶執行排序
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for bucket in &mut buckets {
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// 使用內建排序函式,也可以替換成其他排序演算法
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bucket.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
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}
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// 3. 走訪桶合併結果
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let mut i = 0;
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for bucket in &mut buckets {
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for &mut num in bucket {
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nums[i] = num;
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i += 1;
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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// 設輸入資料為浮點數,範圍為 [0, 1)
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let mut nums = [0.49, 0.96, 0.82, 0.09, 0.57, 0.43, 0.91, 0.75, 0.15, 0.37];
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bucket_sort(&mut nums);
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print!("桶排序完成後 nums = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
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/*
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* File: counting_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-09
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* Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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/* 計數排序 */
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// 簡單實現,無法用於排序物件
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fn counting_sort_naive(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 1. 統計陣列最大元素 m
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let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();
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// 2. 統計各數字的出現次數
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出現次數
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let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];
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for &num in &*nums {
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counter[num as usize] += 1;
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}
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// 3. 走訪 counter ,將各元素填入原陣列 nums
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let mut i = 0;
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for num in 0..m + 1 {
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for _ in 0..counter[num as usize] {
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nums[i] = num;
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i += 1;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 計數排序 */
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// 完整實現,可排序物件,並且是穩定排序
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fn counting_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 1. 統計陣列最大元素 m
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let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();
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// 2. 統計各數字的出現次數
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出現次數
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let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];
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for &num in &*nums {
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counter[num as usize] += 1;
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}
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// 3. 求 counter 的前綴和,將“出現次數”轉換為“尾索引”
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// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最後一次出現的索引
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for i in 0..m as usize {
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counter[i + 1] += counter[i];
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}
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// 4. 倒序走訪 nums ,將各元素填入結果陣列 res
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// 初始化陣列 res 用於記錄結果
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let n = nums.len();
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let mut res = vec![0; n];
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for i in (0..n).rev() {
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let num = nums[i];
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res[counter[num as usize] - 1] = num; // 將 num 放置到對應索引處
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counter[num as usize] -= 1; // 令前綴和自減 1 ,得到下次放置 num 的索引
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}
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// 使用結果陣列 res 覆蓋原陣列 nums
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for i in 0..n {
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nums[i] = res[i];
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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let mut nums = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4];
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counting_sort_naive(&mut nums);
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print!("計數排序(無法排序物件)完成後 nums = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums);
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let mut nums1 = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4];
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counting_sort(&mut nums1);
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print!("\n計數排序完成後 nums1 = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums1);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
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/*
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* File: heap_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-04
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* Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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/* 堆積的長度為 n ,從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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fn sift_down(nums: &mut [i32], n: usize, mut i: usize) {
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loop {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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let l = 2 * i + 1;
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let r = 2 * i + 2;
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let mut ma = i;
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if l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma] {
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ma = l;
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}
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if r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma] {
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ma = r;
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}
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if ma == i {
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break;
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}
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// 交換兩節點
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let temp = nums[i];
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nums[i] = nums[ma];
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nums[ma] = temp;
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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/* 堆積排序 */
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fn heap_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 建堆積操作:堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for i in (0..=nums.len() / 2 - 1).rev() {
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sift_down(nums, nums.len(), i);
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}
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// 從堆積中提取最大元素,迴圈 n-1 輪
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for i in (1..=nums.len() - 1).rev() {
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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let tmp = nums[0];
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nums[0] = nums[i];
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nums[i] = tmp;
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// 以根節點為起點,從頂至底進行堆積化
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sift_down(nums, i, 0);
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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let mut nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2];
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heap_sort(&mut nums);
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print!("堆積排序完成後 nums = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
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/*
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* File: insertion_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-13
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* Author: xBLACKICEx (xBLACKICEx@outlook.com)
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*/
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include!("../include/include.rs");
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/* 插入排序 */
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fn insertion_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
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// 外迴圈:已排序區間為 [0, i-1]
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for i in 1..nums.len() {
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let (base, mut j) = (nums[i], (i - 1) as i32);
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// 內迴圈:將 base 插入到已排序區間 [0, i-1] 中的正確位置
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while j >= 0 && nums[j as usize] > base {
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nums[(j + 1) as usize] = nums[j as usize]; // 將 nums[j] 向右移動一位
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j -= 1;
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}
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nums[(j + 1) as usize] = base; // 將 base 賦值到正確位置
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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let mut nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2];
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insertion_sort(&mut nums);
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print!("插入排序完成後 nums = ");
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print_util::print_array(&nums);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
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/**
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* File: merge_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-14
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* Author: xBLACKICEx (xBLACKICEx@outlook.com)
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*/
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/* 合併左子陣列和右子陣列 */
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fn merge(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) {
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// 左子陣列區間為 [left, mid], 右子陣列區間為 [mid+1, right]
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// 建立一個臨時陣列 tmp ,用於存放合併後的結果
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let tmp_size = right - left + 1;
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let mut tmp = vec![0; tmp_size];
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// 初始化左子陣列和右子陣列的起始索引
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let (mut i, mut j, mut k) = (left, mid + 1, 0);
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// 當左右子陣列都還有元素時,進行比較並將較小的元素複製到臨時陣列中
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while i <= mid && j <= right {
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if nums[i] <= nums[j] {
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tmp[k] = nums[i];
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i += 1;
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} else {
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tmp[k] = nums[j];
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j += 1;
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}
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k += 1;
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}
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// 將左子陣列和右子陣列的剩餘元素複製到臨時陣列中
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while i <= mid {
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tmp[k] = nums[i];
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k += 1;
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i += 1;
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}
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while j <= right {
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tmp[k] = nums[j];
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k += 1;
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j += 1;
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}
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// 將臨時陣列 tmp 中的元素複製回原陣列 nums 的對應區間
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for k in 0..tmp_size {
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nums[left + k] = tmp[k];
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}
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}
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/* 合併排序 */
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fn merge_sort(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) {
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// 終止條件
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if left >= right {
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return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
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}
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// 劃分階段
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let mid = (left + right) / 2; // 計算中點
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merge_sort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
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merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
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// 合併階段
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merge(nums, left, mid, right);
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fn main() {
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/* 合併排序 */
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let mut nums = [7, 3, 2, 6, 0, 1, 5, 4];
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let right = nums.len() - 1;
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merge_sort(&mut nums, 0, right);
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println!("合併排序完成後 nums = {:?}", nums);
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
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/**
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* File: quick_sort.rs
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* Created Time: 2023-02-16
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* Author: xBLACKICEx (xBLACKICE@outlook.com)
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*/
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/* 快速排序 */
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struct QuickSort;
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impl QuickSort {
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/* 哨兵劃分 */
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fn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
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// 以 nums[left] 為基準數
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let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);
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while i < j {
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while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {
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j -= 1; // 從右向左找首個小於基準數的元素
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}
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while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {
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i += 1; // 從左向右找首個大於基準數的元素
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}
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nums.swap(i, j); // 交換這兩個元素
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}
|
||||
nums.swap(i, left); // 將基準數交換至兩子陣列的分界線
|
||||
i // 返回基準數的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
pub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {
|
||||
// 子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
|
||||
if left >= right {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 哨兵劃分
|
||||
let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;
|
||||
// 遞迴左子陣列、右子陣列
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(中位基準數最佳化) */
|
||||
struct QuickSortMedian;
|
||||
|
||||
impl QuickSortMedian {
|
||||
/* 選取三個候選元素的中位數 */
|
||||
fn median_three(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
|
||||
let (l, m, r) = (nums[left], nums[mid], nums[right]);
|
||||
if (l <= m && m <= r) || (r <= m && m <= l) {
|
||||
return mid; // m 在 l 和 r 之間
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (m <= l && l <= r) || (r <= l && l <= m) {
|
||||
return left; // l 在 m 和 r 之間
|
||||
}
|
||||
right
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哨兵劃分(三數取中值) */
|
||||
fn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
|
||||
// 選取三個候選元素的中位數
|
||||
let med = Self::median_three(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);
|
||||
// 將中位數交換至陣列最左端
|
||||
nums.swap(left, med);
|
||||
// 以 nums[left] 為基準數
|
||||
let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);
|
||||
while i < j {
|
||||
while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {
|
||||
j -= 1; // 從右向左找首個小於基準數的元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {
|
||||
i += 1; // 從左向右找首個大於基準數的元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums.swap(i, j); // 交換這兩個元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums.swap(i, left); // 將基準數交換至兩子陣列的分界線
|
||||
i // 返回基準數的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
pub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {
|
||||
// 子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
|
||||
if left >= right {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 哨兵劃分
|
||||
let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;
|
||||
// 遞迴左子陣列、右子陣列
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(尾遞迴最佳化) */
|
||||
struct QuickSortTailCall;
|
||||
|
||||
impl QuickSortTailCall {
|
||||
/* 哨兵劃分 */
|
||||
fn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
|
||||
// 以 nums[left] 為基準數
|
||||
let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);
|
||||
while i < j {
|
||||
while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {
|
||||
j -= 1; // 從右向左找首個小於基準數的元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {
|
||||
i += 1; // 從左向右找首個大於基準數的元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums.swap(i, j); // 交換這兩個元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums.swap(i, left); // 將基準數交換至兩子陣列的分界線
|
||||
i // 返回基準數的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(尾遞迴最佳化) */
|
||||
pub fn quick_sort(mut left: i32, mut right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {
|
||||
// 子陣列長度為 1 時終止
|
||||
while left < right {
|
||||
// 哨兵劃分操作
|
||||
let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;
|
||||
// 對兩個子陣列中較短的那個執行快速排序
|
||||
if pivot - left < right - pivot {
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums); // 遞迴排序左子陣列
|
||||
left = pivot + 1; // 剩餘未排序區間為 [pivot + 1, right]
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums); // 遞迴排序右子陣列
|
||||
right = pivot - 1; // 剩餘未排序區間為 [left, pivot - 1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
let mut nums = [2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5];
|
||||
QuickSort::quick_sort(0, (nums.len() - 1) as i32, &mut nums);
|
||||
println!("快速排序完成後 nums = {:?}", nums);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(中位基準數最佳化) */
|
||||
let mut nums = [2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5];
|
||||
QuickSortMedian::quick_sort(0, (nums.len() - 1) as i32, &mut nums);
|
||||
println!("快速排序(中位基準數最佳化)完成後 nums = {:?}", nums);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(尾遞迴最佳化) */
|
||||
let mut nums = [2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5];
|
||||
QuickSortTailCall::quick_sort(0, (nums.len() - 1) as i32, &mut nums);
|
||||
println!("快速排序(尾遞迴最佳化)完成後 nums = {:?}", nums);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: radix_sort.rs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-07-09
|
||||
* Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
include!("../include/include.rs");
|
||||
|
||||
/* 獲取元素 num 的第 k 位,其中 exp = 10^(k-1) */
|
||||
fn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) -> usize {
|
||||
// 傳入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重複執行昂貴的次方計算
|
||||
return ((num / exp) % 10) as usize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 計數排序(根據 nums 第 k 位排序) */
|
||||
fn counting_sort_digit(nums: &mut [i32], exp: i32) {
|
||||
// 十進位制的位範圍為 0~9 ,因此需要長度為 10 的桶陣列
|
||||
let mut counter = [0; 10];
|
||||
let n = nums.len();
|
||||
// 統計 0~9 各數字的出現次數
|
||||
for i in 0..n {
|
||||
let d = digit(nums[i], exp); // 獲取 nums[i] 第 k 位,記為 d
|
||||
counter[d] += 1; // 統計數字 d 的出現次數
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 求前綴和,將“出現個數”轉換為“陣列索引”
|
||||
for i in 1..10 {
|
||||
counter[i] += counter[i - 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 倒序走訪,根據桶內統計結果,將各元素填入 res
|
||||
let mut res = vec![0; n];
|
||||
for i in (0..n).rev() {
|
||||
let d = digit(nums[i], exp);
|
||||
let j = counter[d] - 1; // 獲取 d 在陣列中的索引 j
|
||||
res[j] = nums[i]; // 將當前元素填入索引 j
|
||||
counter[d] -= 1; // 將 d 的數量減 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 使用結果覆蓋原陣列 nums
|
||||
for i in 0..n {
|
||||
nums[i] = res[i];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基數排序 */
|
||||
fn radix_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
|
||||
// 獲取陣列的最大元素,用於判斷最大位數
|
||||
let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();
|
||||
// 按照從低位到高位的順序走訪
|
||||
let mut exp = 1;
|
||||
while exp <= m {
|
||||
counting_sort_digit(nums, exp);
|
||||
exp *= 10;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
fn main() {
|
||||
// 基數排序
|
||||
let mut nums = [
|
||||
10546151, 35663510, 42865989, 34862445, 81883077, 88906420, 72429244, 30524779, 82060337,
|
||||
63832996,
|
||||
];
|
||||
radix_sort(&mut nums);
|
||||
print!("基數排序完成後 nums = ");
|
||||
print_util::print_array(&nums);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: selection_sort.rs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2023-05-30
|
||||
* Author: WSL0809 (wslzzy@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
include!("../include/include.rs");
|
||||
|
||||
/* 選擇排序 */
|
||||
fn selection_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {
|
||||
if nums.is_empty() {
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
let n = nums.len();
|
||||
// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [i, n-1]
|
||||
for i in 0..n - 1 {
|
||||
// 內迴圈:找到未排序區間內的最小元素
|
||||
let mut k = i;
|
||||
for j in i + 1..n {
|
||||
if nums[j] < nums[k] {
|
||||
k = j; // 記錄最小元素的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 將該最小元素與未排序區間的首個元素交換
|
||||
nums.swap(i, k);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
pub fn main() {
|
||||
let mut nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2];
|
||||
selection_sort(&mut nums);
|
||||
print!("\n選擇排序完成後 nums = ");
|
||||
print_util::print_array(&nums);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user