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@@ -710,9 +710,45 @@ comments: true
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=== "Ruby"
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```ruby title="n_queens.rb"
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[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
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### 回溯演算法:n 皇后 ###
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def backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
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# 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
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if row == n
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res << state.map { |row| row.dup }
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return
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end
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[class]{}-[func]{n_queens}
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# 走訪所有列
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for col in 0...n
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# 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
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diag1 = row - col + n - 1
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diag2 = row + col
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# 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
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if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]
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# 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
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state[row][col] = "Q"
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true
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# 放置下一行
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backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
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# 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
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state[row][col] = "#"
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cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false
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end
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end
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end
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### 求解 n 皇后 ###
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def n_queens(n)
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# 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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state = Array.new(n) { Array.new(n, "#") }
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cols = Array.new(n, false) # 記錄列是否有皇后
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diags1 = Array.new(2 * n - 1, false) # 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
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diags2 = Array.new(2 * n - 1, false) # 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
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res = []
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backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)
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res
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end
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```
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=== "Zig"
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