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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<title>7.2. 二叉树遍历 - Hello 算法</title>
<title>7.2.   二叉树遍历 - Hello 算法</title>
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2. 二叉树遍历
7.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历
</span>
</div>
@@ -268,14 +268,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
0. 写在前面
0. &nbsp; &nbsp; 写在前面
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
0. 写在前面
0. &nbsp; &nbsp; 写在前面
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/about_the_book/" class="md-nav__link">
0.1. 关于本书
0.1. &nbsp; 关于本书
</a>
</li>
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/suggestions/" class="md-nav__link">
0.2. 如何使用本书
0.2. &nbsp; 如何使用本书
</a>
</li>
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
0.3. 编程环境安装
0.3. &nbsp; 编程环境安装
</a>
</li>
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
0.4. 一起参与创作
0.4. &nbsp; 一起参与创作
</a>
</li>
@@ -367,14 +367,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
1. 引言
1. &nbsp; &nbsp; 引言
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
1. 引言
1. &nbsp; &nbsp; 引言
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/" class="md-nav__link">
1.1. 算法无处不在
1.1. &nbsp; 算法无处不在
</a>
</li>
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
1.2. 算法是什么
1.2. &nbsp; 算法是什么
</a>
</li>
@@ -444,14 +444,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
2. 计算复杂度
2. &nbsp; &nbsp; 计算复杂度
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
2. 计算复杂度
2. &nbsp; &nbsp; 计算复杂度
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
2.1. 算法效率评估
2.1. &nbsp; 算法效率评估
</a>
</li>
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
2.2. 时间复杂度
2.2. &nbsp; 时间复杂度
</a>
</li>
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
2.3. 空间复杂度
2.3. &nbsp; 空间复杂度
</a>
</li>
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_time_tradeoff/" class="md-nav__link">
2.4. 权衡时间与空间
2.4. &nbsp; 权衡时间与空间
</a>
</li>
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
2.5. 小结
2.5. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -559,14 +559,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
3. 数据结构简介
3. &nbsp; &nbsp; 数据结构简介
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
3. 数据结构简介
3. &nbsp; &nbsp; 数据结构简介
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/data_and_memory/" class="md-nav__link">
3.1. 数据与内存
3.1. &nbsp; 数据与内存
</a>
</li>
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
3.2. 数据结构分类
3.2. &nbsp; 数据结构分类
</a>
</li>
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
3.3. 小结
3.3. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -648,14 +648,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
4. 数组与链表
4. &nbsp; &nbsp; 数组与链表
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
4. 数组与链表
4. &nbsp; &nbsp; 数组与链表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
4.1. 数组（Array）
4.1. &nbsp; 数组（Array）
</a>
</li>
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
4.2. 链表（LinkedList）
4.2. &nbsp; 链表（LinkedList）
</a>
</li>
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
4.3. 列表（List）
4.3. &nbsp; 列表（List）
</a>
</li>
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
4.4. 小结
4.4. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -751,14 +751,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
5. 栈与队列
5. &nbsp; &nbsp; 栈与队列
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
5. 栈与队列
5. &nbsp; &nbsp; 栈与队列
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
5.1. 栈（Stack）
5.1. &nbsp; 栈（Stack）
</a>
</li>
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
5.2. 队列（Queue）
5.2. &nbsp; 队列（Queue）
</a>
</li>
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
5.3. 双向队列（Deque）
5.3. &nbsp; 双向队列（Deque）
</a>
</li>
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
5.4. 小结
5.4. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -852,14 +852,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
6. 散列表
6. &nbsp; &nbsp; 散列表
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
6. 散列表
6. &nbsp; &nbsp; 散列表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
6.1. 哈希表（HashMap）
6.1. &nbsp; 哈希表（HashMap）
</a>
</li>
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
6.2. 哈希冲突处理
6.2. &nbsp; 哈希冲突处理
</a>
</li>
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
6.3. 小结
6.3. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -945,14 +945,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
7. 二叉树
7. &nbsp; &nbsp; 二叉树
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
7. 二叉树
7. &nbsp; &nbsp; 二叉树
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
7.1. 二叉树（Binary Tree）
7.1. &nbsp; 二叉树（Binary Tree）
</a>
</li>
@@ -986,12 +986,12 @@
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
7.2. 二叉树遍历
7.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
7.2. 二叉树遍历
7.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历
</a>
@@ -1011,10 +1011,10 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#721" class="md-nav__link">
7.2.1. 层序遍历
7.2.1. &nbsp; 层序遍历
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.1. 层序遍历">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.1. &nbsp; 层序遍历">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -1038,10 +1038,10 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#722" class="md-nav__link">
7.2.2. 前序、中序、后序遍历
7.2.2. &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.2. 前序、中序、后序遍历">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.2. &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
7.3. 二叉搜索树
7.3. &nbsp; 二叉搜索树
</a>
</li>
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
7.4. AVL 树 *
7.4. &nbsp; AVL 树 *
</a>
</li>
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
7.5. 小结
7.5. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -1144,14 +1144,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
8. 堆
8. &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
8. 堆
8. &nbsp; &nbsp; 堆
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
8.1. 堆（Heap）
8.1. &nbsp; 堆（Heap）
</a>
</li>
@@ -1203,14 +1203,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
9. 图
9. &nbsp; &nbsp; 图
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
9. 图
9. &nbsp; &nbsp; 图
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
9.1. 图（Graph）
9.1. &nbsp; 图（Graph）
</a>
</li>
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
9.2. 图基础操作
9.2. &nbsp; 图基础操作
</a>
</li>
@@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
9.3. 图的遍历
9.3. &nbsp; 图的遍历
</a>
</li>
@@ -1292,14 +1292,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
10. 查找算法
10. &nbsp; &nbsp; 查找算法
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
10. 查找算法
10. &nbsp; &nbsp; 查找算法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/linear_search/" class="md-nav__link">
10.1. 线性查找
10.1. &nbsp; 线性查找
</a>
</li>
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
10.2. 二分查找
10.2. &nbsp; 二分查找
</a>
</li>
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class="md-nav__link">
10.3. 哈希查找
10.3. &nbsp; 哈希查找
</a>
</li>
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
10.4. 小结
10.4. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -1399,14 +1399,14 @@
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
11. 排序算法
11. &nbsp; &nbsp; 排序算法
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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11. 排序算法
11. &nbsp; &nbsp; 排序算法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
@@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
11.1. 排序简介
11.1. &nbsp; 排序简介
</a>
</li>
@@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
11.2. 冒泡排序
11.2. &nbsp; 冒泡排序
</a>
</li>
@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
11.3. 插入排序
11.3. &nbsp; 插入排序
</a>
</li>
@@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
11.4. 快速排序
11.4. &nbsp; 快速排序
</a>
</li>
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
11.5. 归并排序
11.5. &nbsp; 归并排序
</a>
</li>
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
11.6. 小结
11.6. &nbsp; 小结
</a>
</li>
@@ -1575,10 +1575,10 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#721" class="md-nav__link">
7.2.1. 层序遍历
7.2.1. &nbsp; 层序遍历
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.1. 层序遍历">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.1. &nbsp; 层序遍历">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -1602,10 +1602,10 @@
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#722" class="md-nav__link">
7.2.2. 前序、中序、后序遍历
7.2.2. &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.2. 前序、中序、后序遍历">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="7.2.2. &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -1651,10 +1651,10 @@
<h1 id="72">7.2. 二叉树遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#72" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h1 id="72">7.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#72" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>从物理结构角度看，树是一种基于链表的数据结构，因此遍历方式也是通过指针（即引用）逐个遍历结点。同时，树还是一种非线性数据结构，这导致遍历树比遍历链表更加复杂，需要使用搜索算法来实现。</p>
<p>常见的二叉树遍历方式有层序遍历、前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历。</p>
<h2 id="721">7.2.1. 层序遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#721" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<h2 id="721">7.2.1. &nbsp; 层序遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#721" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>「层序遍历 Level-Order Traversal」从顶至底、一层一层地遍历二叉树，并在每层中按照从左到右的顺序访问结点。</p>
<p>层序遍历本质上是「广度优先搜索 Breadth-First Traversal」，其体现着一种“一圈一圈向外”的层进遍历方式。</p>
<p><img alt="binary_tree_bfs" src="../binary_tree_traversal.assets/binary_tree_bfs.png" /></p>
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@
<h3 id="_2">复杂度分析<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p><strong>时间复杂度</strong>：所有结点被访问一次，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 为结点数量。</p>
<p><strong>空间复杂度</strong>：当为满二叉树时达到最差情况，遍历到最底层前，队列中最多同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n + 1}{2}\)</span> 个结点，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 空间。</p>
<h2 id="722">7.2.2. 前序、中序、后序遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#722" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<h2 id="722">7.2.2. &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#722" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>相对地，前、中、后序遍历皆属于「深度优先遍历 Depth-First Traversal」，其体现着一种“先走到尽头，再回头继续”的回溯遍历方式。</p>
<p>如下图所示，左侧是深度优先遍历的的示意图，右上方是对应的递归实现代码。深度优先遍历就像是绕着整个二叉树的外围“走”一圈，走的过程中，在每个结点都会遇到三个位置，分别对应前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历。</p>
<p><img alt="binary_tree_dfs" src="../binary_tree_traversal.assets/binary_tree_dfs.png" /></p>
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