This commit is contained in:
krahets
2024-04-13 21:17:50 +08:00
parent 54c17c4214
commit 7b95c34759
64 changed files with 1362 additions and 1210 deletions
@@ -5172,11 +5172,10 @@ O(1) < O(\log n) < O(n) < O(n \log n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) < O(n!
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-81-1" name="__codelineno-81-1" href="#__codelineno-81-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 线性阶 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-2" name="__codelineno-81-2" href="#__codelineno-81-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-3" name="__codelineno-81-3" href="#__codelineno-81-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-4" name="__codelineno-81-4" href="#__codelineno-81-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 循环次数与数组长度成正比</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-5" name="__codelineno-81-5" href="#__codelineno-81-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-6" name="__codelineno-81-6" href="#__codelineno-81-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-7" name="__codelineno-81-7" href="#__codelineno-81-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-8" name="__codelineno-81-8" href="#__codelineno-81-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-4" name="__codelineno-81-4" href="#__codelineno-81-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-5" name="__codelineno-81-5" href="#__codelineno-81-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-6" name="__codelineno-81-6" href="#__codelineno-81-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-81-7" name="__codelineno-81-7" href="#__codelineno-81-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -5837,13 +5836,15 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<a id="__codelineno-123-7" name="__codelineno-123-7" href="#__codelineno-123-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-8" name="__codelineno-123-8" href="#__codelineno-123-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-9" name="__codelineno-123-9" href="#__codelineno-123-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-10" name="__codelineno-123-10" href="#__codelineno-123-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">also</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-11" name="__codelineno-123-11" href="#__codelineno-123-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素交换包含 3 个单元操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-12" name="__codelineno-123-12" href="#__codelineno-123-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-13" name="__codelineno-123-13" href="#__codelineno-123-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-14" name="__codelineno-123-14" href="#__codelineno-123-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-15" name="__codelineno-123-15" href="#__codelineno-123-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-16" name="__codelineno-123-16" href="#__codelineno-123-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-10" name="__codelineno-123-10" href="#__codelineno-123-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-11" name="__codelineno-123-11" href="#__codelineno-123-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-12" name="__codelineno-123-12" href="#__codelineno-123-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-13" name="__codelineno-123-13" href="#__codelineno-123-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素交换包含 3 个单元操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-14" name="__codelineno-123-14" href="#__codelineno-123-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-15" name="__codelineno-123-15" href="#__codelineno-123-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-16" name="__codelineno-123-16" href="#__codelineno-123-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-17" name="__codelineno-123-17" href="#__codelineno-123-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-123-18" name="__codelineno-123-18" href="#__codelineno-123-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -6087,8 +6088,8 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-137-1" name="__codelineno-137-1" href="#__codelineno-137-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 指数阶(循环实现) */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-2" name="__codelineno-137-2" href="#__codelineno-137-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">exponential</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-3" name="__codelineno-137-3" href="#__codelineno-137-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-4" name="__codelineno-137-4" href="#__codelineno-137-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 细胞每轮一分为二,形成数列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-5" name="__codelineno-137-5" href="#__codelineno-137-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">base</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-4" name="__codelineno-137-4" href="#__codelineno-137-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">base</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-5" name="__codelineno-137-5" href="#__codelineno-137-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 细胞每轮一分为二,形成数列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-6" name="__codelineno-137-6" href="#__codelineno-137-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-7" name="__codelineno-137-7" href="#__codelineno-137-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-137-8" name="__codelineno-137-8" href="#__codelineno-137-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span>
@@ -7326,26 +7327,25 @@ n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \dots \times 2 \times 1
<a id="__codelineno-221-5" name="__codelineno-221-5" href="#__codelineno-221-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-6" name="__codelineno-221-6" href="#__codelineno-221-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-7" name="__codelineno-221-7" href="#__codelineno-221-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-8" name="__codelineno-221-8" href="#__codelineno-221-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">mutableList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toMutableList</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-9" name="__codelineno-221-9" href="#__codelineno-221-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 随机打乱数组元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-10" name="__codelineno-221-10" href="#__codelineno-221-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">shuffle</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-11" name="__codelineno-221-11" href="#__codelineno-221-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrayOfNulls</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-12" name="__codelineno-221-12" href="#__codelineno-221-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-13" name="__codelineno-221-13" href="#__codelineno-221-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableList</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-14" name="__codelineno-221-14" href="#__codelineno-221-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-15" name="__codelineno-221-15" href="#__codelineno-221-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-16" name="__codelineno-221-16" href="#__codelineno-221-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-17" name="__codelineno-221-17" href="#__codelineno-221-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-221-18" name="__codelineno-221-18" href="#__codelineno-221-18"></a><span class="cm">/* 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-19" name="__codelineno-221-19" href="#__codelineno-221-19"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">findOne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">Int?</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-20" name="__codelineno-221-20" href="#__codelineno-221-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-21" name="__codelineno-221-21" href="#__codelineno-221-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当元素 1 在数组部时,达到最时间复杂度 O(1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-22" name="__codelineno-221-22" href="#__codelineno-221-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当元素 1 在数组尾部时,达到最差时间复杂度 O(n)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-23" name="__codelineno-221-23" href="#__codelineno-221-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-24" name="__codelineno-221-24" href="#__codelineno-221-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-25" name="__codelineno-221-25" href="#__codelineno-221-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-26" name="__codelineno-221-26" href="#__codelineno-221-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-27" name="__codelineno-221-27" href="#__codelineno-221-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-8" name="__codelineno-221-8" href="#__codelineno-221-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 随机打乱数组元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-9" name="__codelineno-221-9" href="#__codelineno-221-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">shuffle</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-10" name="__codelineno-221-10" href="#__codelineno-221-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrayOfNulls</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-11" name="__codelineno-221-11" href="#__codelineno-221-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-12" name="__codelineno-221-12" href="#__codelineno-221-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-13" name="__codelineno-221-13" href="#__codelineno-221-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-14" name="__codelineno-221-14" href="#__codelineno-221-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-15" name="__codelineno-221-15" href="#__codelineno-221-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-16" name="__codelineno-221-16" href="#__codelineno-221-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-221-17" name="__codelineno-221-17" href="#__codelineno-221-17"></a><span class="cm">/* 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-18" name="__codelineno-221-18" href="#__codelineno-221-18"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">findOne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Array</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">Int?</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-19" name="__codelineno-221-19" href="#__codelineno-221-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-20" name="__codelineno-221-20" href="#__codelineno-221-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当元素 1 在数组头部时,达到最佳时间复杂度 O(1)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-21" name="__codelineno-221-21" href="#__codelineno-221-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 当元素 1 在数组部时,达到最时间复杂度 O(n)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-22" name="__codelineno-221-22" href="#__codelineno-221-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-23" name="__codelineno-221-23" href="#__codelineno-221-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-24" name="__codelineno-221-24" href="#__codelineno-221-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-25" name="__codelineno-221-25" href="#__codelineno-221-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-221-26" name="__codelineno-221-26" href="#__codelineno-221-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
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