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feat: Add ruby code - chapter "array & linked list" (#1158)
* feat: add ruby code chapter array & linked list - array.rb - linked_list.rb - list.rb - my_list.rb * feat: add ruby code blocks * chore: fix convention
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=begin
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File: array.rb
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Created Time: 2024-03-18
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 随机访问元素 ###
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def random_access(nums)
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# 在区间 [0, nums.length) 中随机抽取一个数字
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random_index = Random.rand 0...(nums.length - 1)
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# 获取并返回随机元素
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nums[random_index]
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end
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### 扩展数组长度 ###
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# 请注意,Ruby 的 Array 是动态数组,可以直接扩展
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# 为了方便学习,本函数将 Array 看作长度不可变的数组
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def extend(nums, enlarge)
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# 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
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res = Array.new(nums.length + enlarge, 0)
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# 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
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for i in 0...nums.length
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res[i] = nums[i]
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end
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# 返回扩展后的新数组
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res
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end
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### 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num ###
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def insert(nums, num, index)
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# 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
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for i in (nums.length - 1).downto(index + 1)
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nums[i] = nums[i - 1]
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end
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# 将 num 赋给 index 处的元素
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nums[index] = num
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end
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### 删除索引 index 处的元素 ###
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def remove(nums, index)
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# 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
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for i in index...nums.length
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nums[i] = nums[i + 1] || 0
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end
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end
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### 遍历数组 ###
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def traverse(nums)
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count = 0
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# 通过索引遍历数组
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for i in 0...nums.length
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count += nums[i]
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end
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# 直接遍历数组元素
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for num in nums
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count += num
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end
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end
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### 在数组中查找指定元素 ###
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def find(nums, target)
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for i in 0...nums.length
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return i if nums[i] == target
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end
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-1
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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# 初始化数组
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arr = Array.new(5, 0)
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puts "数组 arr = #{arr}"
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nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
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puts "数组 nums = #{nums}"
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# 随机访问
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random_num = random_access nums
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puts "在 nums 中获取随机元素 #{random_num}"
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# 长度扩展
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nums = extend nums, 3
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puts "将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums = #{nums}"
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# 插入元素
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insert nums, 6, 3
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puts "在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = #{nums}"
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# 删除元素
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remove nums, 2
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puts "删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums = #{nums}"
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# 遍历数组
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traverse nums
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# 查找元素
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index = find nums, 3
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puts "在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 = #{index}";
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