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feat: Add Ruby code - chapter "Searching" (#1262)
* create RUBY searching files & finish two_sum.rb * finish linear_search.rb * finish hashing_search.rb * finish binary_search.rb * finish binary_search_insertion.rb * finish binary_search_edge.rb * fix: change 'or' to '||' * fix: Adjust the code style(ruby searching) * fix: repair file name * fix: Adjust the output format * fix: fix 0...nums.length & delete useless require & change into __FILE__==0 block
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=begin
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File: binary_search.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-09
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Author: Blue Bean (lonnnnnnner@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 二分查找(双闭区间) ###
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def binary_search(nums, target)
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# 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1] ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素
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i, j = 0, nums.length - 1
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# 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i > j 时为空)
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while i <= j
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# 理论上 Ruby 的数字可以无限大(取决于内存大小),无须考虑大数越界问题
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m = (i + j) / 2 # 计算中点索引 m
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if nums[m] < target
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i = m + 1 # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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elsif nums[m] > target
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j = m - 1 # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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else
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return m # 找到目标元素,返回其索引
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end
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end
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-1 # 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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end
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### 二分查找(左闭右开区间) ###
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def binary_search_lcro(nums, target)
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# 初始化左闭右开区间 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
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i, j = 0, nums.length
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# 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
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while i < j
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# 计算中点索引 m
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m = (i + j) / 2
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if nums[m] < target
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i = m + 1 # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j) 中
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elsif nums[m] > target
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j = m - 1 # 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m) 中
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else
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return m # 找到目标元素,返回其索引
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end
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end
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-1 # 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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target = 6
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nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 26, 31, 35]
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# 二分查找(双闭区间)
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index = binary_search(nums, target)
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puts "目标元素 6 的索引 = #{index}"
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# 二分查找(左闭右开区间)
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index = binary_search_lcro(nums, target)
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puts "目标元素 6 的索引 = #{index}"
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end
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