This commit is contained in:
krahets
2026-03-29 05:07:03 +08:00
parent 9e8c0cb36c
commit 9466700256
841 changed files with 38622 additions and 119252 deletions
@@ -35,18 +35,23 @@
<link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>14.2   DP 問題の特 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>14.2 動的プログラミング問題の特 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/main.6f2fbb28.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/palette.dfe2e883.min.css">
@@ -60,29 +65,20 @@
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,t)=>(e<<5)-e+t.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(t.getItem(("__palette"===e?"/":a.pathname)+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,t,a=localStorage,_=__md_scope)=>{try{a.setItem(("__palette"===e?"/":_.pathname)+"."+e,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}},document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-platform",navigator.platform)</script>
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
</head>
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -139,12 +135,12 @@
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.2 &nbsp; DP 問題の特
14.2 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング問題の特
</span>
</div>
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11zM18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2zm-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-languages" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 8 6 6M4 14l6-6 2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1M22 22l-5-10-5 10M14 18h6"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
@@ -240,64 +236,30 @@
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search" aria-label="検索">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog" aria-label="検索">
<button type="button" class="md-search__button">
検索
</button>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
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</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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@@ -4405,7 +4369,7 @@
<p>階段があり、一度に1段または2段上ることができ、階段の各段にはその段で支払う必要があるコストを表す非負の整数があります。非負の整数配列 <span class="arithmatex">\(cost\)</span> が与えられ、<span class="arithmatex">\(cost[i]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 段目で支払う必要があるコストを表し、<span class="arithmatex">\(cost[0]\)</span> は地面(開始点)です。頂上に到達するために必要な最小コストは何ですか?</p>
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、1段目、2段目、3段目のコストがそれぞれ <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(10\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> の場合、地面から3段目に登る最小コストは <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> です。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="3段目に登る最小コスト" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="3段目に登る最小コスト" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-6 &nbsp; 3段目に登る最小コスト </p>
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 段目に登る累積コストとします。<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 段目は <span class="arithmatex">\(i-1\)</span> 段目または <span class="arithmatex">\(i-2\)</span> 段目からのみ来ることができるため、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1] + cost[i]\)</span> または <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-2] + cost[i]\)</span> のいずれかしかありえません。コストを最小化するために、2つのうち小さい方を選択すべきです:</p>
@@ -4515,7 +4479,7 @@ dp[i] = \min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i]
</div>
</div>
<p>下の図は上記コードの動的プログラミングプロセスを示しています。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_dp.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="階段登りの最小コストの動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_dp.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="階段登りの最小コストの動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/min_cost_cs_dp.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-7 &nbsp; 階段登りの最小コストの動的プログラミングプロセス </p>
<p>この問題も空間最適化が可能で、1次元を0に圧縮し、空間計算量を <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> から <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> に削減できます:</p>
@@ -4616,7 +4580,7 @@ dp[i] = \min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i]
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 段の階段があり、毎回1段または2段上ることができますが、<strong>1段を2回連続でジャンプすることはできません</strong>。頂上に登る方法は何通りありますか?</p>
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、3段目に登る実行可能な選択肢は2つだけで、1段を3回連続でジャンプする選択肢は制約条件を満たさないため破棄されます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="制約付きで3段目に登る実行可能な選択肢の数" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="制約付きで3段目に登る実行可能な選択肢の数" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-8 &nbsp; 制約付きで3段目に登る実行可能な選択肢の数 </p>
<p>この問題では、前回が1段ジャンプだった場合、次回は必ず2段ジャンプでなければなりません。これは**次のステップの選択が現在の状態(現在の階段段数)だけでは独立して決定できず、前の状態(前回の階段段数)にも依存する**ことを意味します。</p>
@@ -4633,7 +4597,7 @@ dp[i, 1] = dp[i-1, 2] \\
dp[i, 2] = dp[i-2, 1] + dp[i-2, 2]
\end{cases}
\]</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_state_transfer.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="制約を考慮した再帰関係" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_state_transfer.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="制約を考慮した再帰関係" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_problem_features.assets/climbing_stairs_constraint_state_transfer.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-9 &nbsp; 制約を考慮した再帰関係 </p>
<p>最終的に、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2]\)</span> を返せばよく、この2つの合計が <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 段目に登る解の総数を表します:</p>
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14.3 &nbsp; DP の解法の考え方
14.3 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング問題解決アプローチ
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
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<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
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</button>
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検索を初期化
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
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</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
@@ -3675,7 +3637,7 @@
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<a href="././" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
@@ -3694,6 +3656,7 @@
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -3727,7 +3690,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.3.2   問題解決ステップ">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.3.2 問題解決ステップ">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4368,6 +4331,7 @@
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4401,7 +4365,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.3.2   問題解決ステップ">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.3.2 問題解決ステップ">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4481,7 +4445,7 @@
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
</a>
@@ -4519,14 +4483,14 @@
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n \times m\)</span> の二次元グリッド <code>grid</code> が与えられ、グリッドの各セルには負でない整数が含まれ、そのセルのコストを表します。ロボットは左上のセルから始まり、各ステップで下または右にのみ移動でき、右下のセルに到達するまで続けます。左上から右下への最小経路和を返してください。</p>
</div>
<p>下の図は例を示しており、与えられたグリッドの最小経路和は <span class="arithmatex">\(13\)</span> です。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="最小経路和の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="最小経路和の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-10 &nbsp; 最小経路和の例データ </p>
<p><strong>第1ステップ:各ラウンドの決定を考え、状態を定義し、それにより <span class="arithmatex">\(dp\)</span> テーブルを得る</strong></p>
<p>この問題の各ラウンドの決定は、現在のセルから下または右に1ステップ移動することです。現在のセルの行と列のインデックスが <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> であると仮定すると、下または右に移動した後、インデックスは <span class="arithmatex">\([i+1, j]\)</span> または <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j+1]\)</span> になります。したがって、状態には2つの変数が含まれるべきです:行インデックスと列インデックス、<span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> と表記されます。</p>
<p>状態 <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> は部分問題に対応します:開始点 <span class="arithmatex">\([0, 0]\)</span> から <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> への最小経路和、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j]\)</span> と表記されます。</p>
<p>このようにして、下の図に示す二次元 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp\)</span> 行列を得ます。そのサイズは入力グリッド <span class="arithmatex">\(grid\)</span> と同じです。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_definition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="状態定義とDPテーブル" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_definition.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="状態定義とDPテーブル" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_definition.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-11 &nbsp; 状態定義とDPテーブル </p>
<div class="admonition note">
@@ -4540,7 +4504,7 @@
<div class="arithmatex">\[
dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
\]</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_transition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="最適部分構造と状態遷移方程式" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_transition.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="最適部分構造と状態遷移方程式" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_state_transition.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-12 &nbsp; 最適部分構造と状態遷移方程式 </p>
<div class="admonition note">
@@ -4551,7 +4515,7 @@ dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
<p><strong>第3ステップ:境界条件と状態遷移順序を決定する</strong></p>
<p>この問題では、最初の行の状態は左の状態からのみ来ることができ、最初の列の状態は上の状態からのみ来ることができるため、最初の行 <span class="arithmatex">\(i = 0\)</span> と最初の列 <span class="arithmatex">\(j = 0\)</span> が境界条件です。</p>
<p>下の図に示すように、各セルは左のセルと上のセルから導出されるため、ループを使用して行列を走査し、外側のループは行を反復し、内側のループは列を反復します。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_initial_state.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="境界条件と状態遷移順序" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_initial_state.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="境界条件と状態遷移順序" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_solution_initial_state.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-13 &nbsp; 境界条件と状態遷移順序 </p>
<div class="admonition note">
@@ -4669,7 +4633,7 @@ dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
</div>
<p>下の図は <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[2, 1]\)</span> を根とする再帰木を示しており、いくつかの重複する部分問題を含み、その数はグリッド <code>grid</code> のサイズが増加すると急激に増加します。</p>
<p>本質的に、重複する部分問題の理由は:**左上隅から特定のセルに到達する複数のパスが存在する**ことです。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="力任せ探索の再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="力任せ探索の再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-14 &nbsp; 力任せ探索の再帰木 </p>
<p>各状態には下と右の2つの選択があるため、左上隅から右下隅までの総ステップ数は <span class="arithmatex">\(m + n - 2\)</span> で、最悪時間計算量は <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2^{m + n})\)</span> です。この計算方法はグリッドエッジ近くの状況を考慮していないことに注意してください。ネットワークエッジに到達したとき、選択肢が1つしか残らないため、実際のパス数はより少なくなります。</p>
@@ -4770,7 +4734,7 @@ dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
</div>
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、メモ化を導入した後、すべての部分問題の解は一度だけ計算される必要があるため、時間計算量は状態の総数、つまりグリッドサイズ <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nm)\)</span> に依存します。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs_mem.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="メモ化探索の再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs_mem.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="メモ化探索の再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs_mem.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-15 &nbsp; メモ化探索の再帰木 </p>
<h3 id="3-3">3. &nbsp; 方法3:動的プログラミング<a class="headerlink" href="#3-3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -4894,40 +4858,40 @@ dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
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@@ -5055,7 +5019,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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<link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>14.6   編集距離問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>14.6 編集距離問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
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<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
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</header>
@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
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</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
@@ -3759,7 +3721,7 @@
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<a href="././" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
@@ -3778,6 +3740,7 @@
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4329,6 +4292,7 @@
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4403,7 +4367,7 @@
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
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</a>
@@ -4420,13 +4384,13 @@
<p>文字列に対して3種類の編集を実行できます:文字の挿入、文字の削除、または文字を他の任意の文字に置換。</p>
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、<code>kitten</code><code>sitting</code> に変換するには3回の編集が必要で、2回の置換と1回の挿入を含みます。<code>hello</code><code>algo</code> に変換するには3ステップが必要で、2回の置換と1回の削除を含みます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="編集距離の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="編集距離の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-27 &nbsp; 編集距離の例データ </p>
<p><strong>編集距離問題は決定木モデルで自然に説明できます</strong>。文字列は木のノードに対応し、1ラウンドの決定(編集操作)は木のエッジに対応します。</p>
<p>下の図に示すように、操作に制限がない場合、各ノードは多くのエッジを導出でき、それぞれが1つの操作に対応するため、<code>hello</code><code>algo</code> に変換する可能な経路は多数あります。</p>
<p>決定木の観点から、この問題の目標は、ノード <code>hello</code> とノード <code>algo</code> の間の最短経路を見つけることです。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="決定木モデルに基づいて表現された編集距離問題" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="決定木モデルに基づいて表現された編集距離問題" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-28 &nbsp; 決定木モデルに基づいて表現された編集距離問題 </p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 動的プログラミングアプローチ<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -4447,7 +4411,7 @@
<li><span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span> を削除すると、残りの部分問題は <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j]\)</span> です。</li>
<li><span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(t[j-1]\)</span> に置換すると、残りの部分問題は <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j-1]\)</span> です。</li>
</ol>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_state_transfer.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="編集距離の状態遷移" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_state_transfer.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="編集距離の状態遷移" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_state_transfer.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-29 &nbsp; 編集距離の状態遷移 </p>
<p>上記の分析に基づいて、最適部分構造を決定できます:<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j]\)</span> の最小編集回数は、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j-1]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j-1]\)</span> の中の最小値に編集ステップ <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> を加えたものです。対応する状態遷移方程式は:</p>
@@ -4588,49 +4552,49 @@ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1]
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:15"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_14" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_15" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">&lt;6&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">&lt;7&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">&lt;8&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">&lt;9&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">&lt;10&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">&lt;11&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">&lt;12&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">&lt;13&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_14">&lt;14&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_15">&lt;15&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="編集距離の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step1.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="編集距離の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step1.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step2.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step2.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step3.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step3.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step4.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step4.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step5.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step5.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step6.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step6.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step7.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step7.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step7.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step8.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step8.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step8.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step9.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step9.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step9.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step10.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step10.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step10.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step11.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step11.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step11.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step12.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step12.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step12.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step13.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step13.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step13.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step14.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step14.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step14.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step15.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step15" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step15.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="edit_distance_dp_step15" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_dp_step15.png" /></p>
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@@ -4771,7 +4735,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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@@ -4803,7 +4767,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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@@ -4881,7 +4845,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
<button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
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@@ -4889,46 +4853,6 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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@@ -4973,7 +4897,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
<a href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="leetcode.cn" class="md-social__link">
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</a>
</div>
@@ -4991,17 +4915,15 @@ aria-label="フッター"
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"annotate": null, "base": "../..", "features": ["content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.2c215733.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f", "clipboard.copy": "\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u3078\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc", "search.result.more.one": "\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u5185\u306b\u3082\u30461\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.more.other": "\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u5185\u306b\u3042\u3068#\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.none": "\u4f55\u3082\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f", "search.result.one": "1\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.other": "#\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.placeholder": "\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044", "search.result.term.missing": "\u691c\u7d22\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044", "select.version": "\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048"}, "version": null}</script>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"annotate":null,"base":"../../","features":["content.action.edit","content.code.annotate","content.code.copy","content.tabs.link","content.tooltips","navigation.indexes","navigation.top","navigation.tracking","search.highlight","search.share","search.suggest","toc.follow"],"search":"../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.e2d2d235.min.js","tags":null,"translations":{"clipboard.copied":"コピーしました","clipboard.copy":"クリップボードへコピー","search.result.more.one":"このページ内にもう1件見つかりました","search.result.more.other":"このページ内にあと#件見つかりました","search.result.none":"何も見つかりませんでした","search.result.one":"1件見つかりました","search.result.other":"#件見つかりました","search.result.placeholder":"検索キーワードを入力してください","search.result.term.missing":"検索に含まれない","select.version":"バージョン切り替え"},"version":null}</script>
<script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.79ae519e.min.js"></script>
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<script src="../../javascripts/mathjax.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js"></script>
<script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": true, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": false, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "none"});
document$.subscribe(() => { lightbox.reload() });
</script></body>
</body>
</html>
+56 -135
View File
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<link rel="prev" href="../chapter_backtracking/summary/">
<link rel="next" href="intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
<link rel="next" href="./intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
@@ -35,18 +35,23 @@
<link rel="icon" href="../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>第 14 章   動的プログラミング - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>第 14 章 動的プログラミング - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/modern/main.6f2fbb28.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/modern/palette.dfe2e883.min.css">
@@ -60,29 +65,20 @@
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script>__md_scope=new URL("..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,t)=>(e<<5)-e+t.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(t.getItem(("__palette"===e?"/":a.pathname)+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,t,a=localStorage,_=__md_scope)=>{try{a.setItem(("__palette"===e?"/":_.pathname)+"."+e,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}},document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-platform",navigator.platform)</script>
<link href="../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
</head>
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -137,14 +133,14 @@
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href=".." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<a href="./.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11zM18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2zm-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-languages" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 8 6 6M4 14l6-6 2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1M22 22l-5-10-5 10M14 18h6"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
@@ -240,64 +236,30 @@
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search" aria-label="検索">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog" aria-label="検索">
<button type="button" class="md-search__button">
検索
</button>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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@@ -4311,7 +4274,7 @@
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<h1 id="14">第 14 章 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング<a class="headerlink" href="#14" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
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<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.79ae519e.min.js"></script>
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@@ -35,18 +35,23 @@
<link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>14.1   動的計画法の初歩 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>14.1 動的プログラミングの紹介 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/main.6f2fbb28.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/palette.dfe2e883.min.css">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
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<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
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html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
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@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -139,12 +135,12 @@
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
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</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.1 &nbsp; 動的計画法の初歩
14.1 &nbsp; 動的プログラミングの紹介
</span>
</div>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
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<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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krahets/hello-algo
</div>
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@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
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@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
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</div>
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@@ -3619,7 +3581,7 @@
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<a href="././" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
@@ -3638,6 +3600,7 @@
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4340,6 +4303,7 @@
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4425,7 +4389,7 @@
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
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</a>
@@ -4442,7 +4406,7 @@
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 段の階段があり、一度に <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 段または <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 段上ることができます。頂上に到達する方法は何通りありますか?</p>
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、<span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 段の階段の頂上に到達する方法は <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 通りあります。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="3段目に到達する方法の数" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="3段目に到達する方法の数" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-1 &nbsp; 3段目に到達する方法の数 </p>
<p>この問題は**バックトラッキングを用いてすべての可能性を網羅**することで方法の数を計算することを目的としています。具体的には、階段登りの問題を多段階選択プロセスとして考えます:地面から始めて、毎回 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 段または <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 段上るかを選択し、階段の頂上に到達したら方法の数をカウントし、頂上を超えた場合はプルーニング(枝刈り)を行います。コードは以下の通りです:</p>
@@ -4601,7 +4565,7 @@ dp[i-1], dp[i-2], \dots, dp[2], dp[1]
dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
\]</div>
<p>これは、階段登り問題において部分問題間に再帰関係があることを意味し、<strong>元の問題の解は部分問題の解から構築できます</strong>。下の図はこの再帰関係を示しています。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_state_transfer.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="解の数の再帰関係" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_state_transfer.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="解の数の再帰関係" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_state_transfer.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-2 &nbsp; 解の数の再帰関係 </p>
<p>再帰式に従って力任せ探索解法を得ることができます。<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[n]\)</span> から始めて、**より大きな問題を再帰的に2つの小さな部分問題の和に分解**し、解が既知の最小の部分問題 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[1]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[2]\)</span> に到達するまで続けます。<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[1] = 1\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[2] = 2\)</span> で、それぞれ1段目と2段目に登る方法が <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 通りと <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 通りあることを表します。</p>
@@ -4720,7 +4684,7 @@ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
</div>
</div>
<p>下の図は力任せ探索によって形成される再帰木を示しています。問題 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[n]\)</span> について、その再帰木の深さは <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> で、時間計算量は <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2^n)\)</span> です。この指数的増加により、<span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> が大きいとプログラムの実行がはるかに遅くなり、長い待機時間が生じます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="階段登りの再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="階段登りの再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_tree.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-3 &nbsp; 階段登りの再帰木 </p>
<p>上の図を観察すると、**指数時間計算量は「重複する部分問題」によって引き起こされる**ことがわかります。例えば、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[9]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[8]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[7]\)</span> に分解され、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[8]\)</span> はさらに <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[7]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(dp[6]\)</span> に分解され、両方とも部分問題 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[7]\)</span> を含んでいます。</p>
@@ -4868,7 +4832,7 @@ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
</div>
</div>
<p>下の図を観察すると、**メモ化後、すべての重複する部分問題は一度だけ計算される必要があり、時間計算量を <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> に最適化**します。これは大幅な改善です。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_memo_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="メモ化探索による再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_memo_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="メモ化探索による再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dfs_memo_tree.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-4 &nbsp; メモ化探索による再帰木 </p>
<h2 id="1413-3">14.1.3 &nbsp; 方法3:動的プログラミング<a class="headerlink" href="#1413-3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
@@ -4971,7 +4935,7 @@ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
</div>
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<p>下の図は上記コードの実行プロセスをシミュレートしています。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dp.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="階段登りの動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dp.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="階段登りの動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../intro_to_dynamic_programming.assets/climbing_stairs_dp.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-5 &nbsp; 階段登りの動的プログラミングプロセス </p>
<p>バックトラッキングアルゴリズムと同様に、動的プログラミングも「状態」の概念を使用して問題解決の特定の段階を表現し、各状態は部分問題とその局所最適解に対応します。例えば、階段登り問題の状態は現在のステップ番号 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> として定義されます。</p>
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<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>14.4   0-1ナップサック問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>14.4 0-1ナップサック問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/main.6f2fbb28.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/palette.dfe2e883.min.css">
@@ -60,29 +65,20 @@
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,t)=>(e<<5)-e+t.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(t.getItem(("__palette"===e?"/":a.pathname)+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,t,a=localStorage,_=__md_scope)=>{try{a.setItem(("__palette"===e?"/":_.pathname)+"."+e,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}},document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-platform",navigator.platform)</script>
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
</head>
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -139,12 +135,12 @@
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11zM18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2zm-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-languages" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 8 6 6M4 14l6-6 2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1M22 22l-5-10-5 10M14 18h6"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
@@ -240,64 +236,30 @@
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search" aria-label="検索">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog" aria-label="検索">
<button type="button" class="md-search__button">
検索
</button>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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krahets/hello-algo
@@ -3703,7 +3665,7 @@
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<a href="././" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
@@ -3722,6 +3684,7 @@
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4340,6 +4303,7 @@
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4425,7 +4389,7 @@
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
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</a>
@@ -4442,7 +4406,7 @@
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 個のアイテムが与えられ、<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 番目のアイテムの重量は <span class="arithmatex">\(wgt[i-1]\)</span> で値は <span class="arithmatex">\(val[i-1]\)</span> です。容量が <span class="arithmatex">\(cap\)</span> のナップサックがあります。各アイテムは1回のみ選択できます。容量制限下でナップサックに入れることができるアイテムの最大値は何ですか?</p>
</div>
<p>下の図を観察すると、アイテム番号 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> は1から数え始め、配列インデックスは0から始まるため、アイテム <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> の重量は <span class="arithmatex">\(wgt[i-1]\)</span> に対応し、値は <span class="arithmatex">\(val[i-1]\)</span> に対応します。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="0-1ナップサックの例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="0-1ナップサックの例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-17 &nbsp; 0-1ナップサックの例データ </p>
<p>0-1ナップサック問題を <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ラウンドの決定から構成されるプロセスとして考えることができます。各アイテムについて入れない、または入れるという2つの決定があり、したがって問題は決定木モデルに適合します。</p>
@@ -4574,7 +4538,7 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
</div>
<p>下の図に示すように、各アイテムは選択しないと選択するという2つの探索分岐を生成するため、時間計算量は <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2^n)\)</span> です。</p>
<p>再帰木を観察すると、<span class="arithmatex">\(dp[1, 10]\)</span> などの重複する部分問題があることが容易にわかります。アイテムが多く、ナップサック容量が大きい場合、特に同じ重量のアイテムが多い場合、重複する部分問題の数は大幅に増加します。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題の力任せ探索再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題の力任せ探索再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-18 &nbsp; 0-1ナップサック問題の力任せ探索再帰木 </p>
<h3 id="2-2">2. &nbsp; 方法2:メモ化探索<a class="headerlink" href="#2-2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -4675,7 +4639,7 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
</div>
</div>
<p>下の図はメモ化探索で枝刈りされる探索分岐を示しています。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs_mem.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題のメモ化探索再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs_mem.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題のメモ化探索再帰木" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dfs_mem.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-19 &nbsp; 0-1ナップサック問題のメモ化探索再帰木 </p>
<h3 id="3-3">3. &nbsp; 方法3:動的プログラミング<a class="headerlink" href="#3-3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -4790,46 +4754,46 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_7" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_8" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_9" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_10" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_11" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_12" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_13" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_14" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_6">&lt;6&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_7">&lt;7&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_8">&lt;8&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_9">&lt;9&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_10">&lt;10&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_11">&lt;11&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_12">&lt;12&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_13">&lt;13&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_14">&lt;14&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step1.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="0-1ナップサック問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step1.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step2.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step2.png" /></p>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step3.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step3.png" /></p>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step4.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step4.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step5.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step5.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step6.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step6.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step7.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step7.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step7.png" /></p>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step8.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step8.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step8.png" /></p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step9.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step9.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step9.png" /></p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step10.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step10.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step10.png" /></p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step11.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step11.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step11.png" /></p>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step12.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step12.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step12.png" /></p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step13.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step13.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step13.png" /></p>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step14.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="knapsack_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step14.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="knapsack_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../knapsack_problem.assets/knapsack_dp_step14.png" /></p>
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@@ -4846,22 +4810,22 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,t)=>(e<<5)-e+t.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(t.getItem(("__palette"===e?"/":a.pathname)+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,t,a=localStorage,_=__md_scope)=>{try{a.setItem(("__palette"===e?"/":_.pathname)+"."+e,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}},document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-platform",navigator.platform)</script>
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
</head>
@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -139,12 +135,12 @@
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11zM18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2zm-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-languages" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 8 6 6M4 14l6-6 2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1M22 22l-5-10-5 10M14 18h6"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
@@ -240,64 +236,30 @@
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search" aria-label="検索">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91s2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog" aria-label="検索">
<button type="button" class="md-search__button">
検索
</button>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<a href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="leetcode.cn" class="md-social__link">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M360.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6m64.6 136.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l73.4 73.4-73.4 73.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l96-96c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-96-96c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-274.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-96 96c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l96 96c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l73.3-73.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z"/></svg>
</a>
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@@ -4572,17 +4495,15 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"annotate":null,"base":"../../","features":["content.action.edit","content.code.annotate","content.code.copy","content.tabs.link","content.tooltips","navigation.indexes","navigation.top","navigation.tracking","search.highlight","search.share","search.suggest","toc.follow"],"search":"../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.e2d2d235.min.js","tags":null,"translations":{"clipboard.copied":"コピーしました","clipboard.copy":"クリップボードへコピー","search.result.more.one":"このページ内にもう1件見つかりました","search.result.more.other":"このページ内にあと#件見つかりました","search.result.none":"何も見つかりませんでした","search.result.one":"1件見つかりました","search.result.other":"#件見つかりました","search.result.placeholder":"検索キーワードを入力してください","search.result.term.missing":"検索に含まれない","select.version":"バージョン切り替え"},"version":null}</script>
<script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.79ae519e.min.js"></script>
<script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.c2b142ea.min.js"></script>
<script src="../../javascripts/mathjax.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js"></script>
<script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": true, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": false, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "none"});
document$.subscribe(() => { lightbox.reload() });
</script></body>
</body>
</html>
@@ -35,18 +35,23 @@
<link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.1">
<meta name="generator" content="zensical-0.0.29">
<title>14.5   完全ナップサック問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<title>14.5 無制限ナップサック問題 - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.484c7ddc.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/main.6f2fbb28.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/modern/palette.dfe2e883.min.css">
@@ -60,29 +65,20 @@
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,t)=>(e<<5)-e+t.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(t.getItem(("__palette"===e?"/":a.pathname)+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,t,a=localStorage,_=__md_scope)=>{try{a.setItem(("__palette"===e?"/":_.pathname)+"."+e,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}},document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-platform",navigator.platform)</script>
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
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@@ -97,7 +93,7 @@
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
@@ -139,12 +135,12 @@
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer" aria-label="ナビゲーション">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.5 &nbsp; 完全ナップサック問題
14.5 &nbsp; 無制限ナップサック問題
</span>
</div>
@@ -169,7 +165,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="none" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07zm-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13zm-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87zM19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35zm4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54zm1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24zM9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19z"/></svg>
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11zM18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2zm-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-languages" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 8 6 6M4 14l6-6 2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1M22 22l-5-10-5 10M14 18h6"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
@@ -240,64 +236,30 @@
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search" aria-label="検索">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg>
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</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
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</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" tabindex="0" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog" aria-label="検索">
<button type="button" class="md-search__button">
検索
</button>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
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<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
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@@ -325,7 +287,7 @@
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="Hello アルゴリズム">
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@@ -335,7 +297,7 @@
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
@@ -3731,7 +3693,7 @@
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<a href="././" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
@@ -3750,6 +3712,7 @@
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -3772,7 +3735,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.1   無制限ナップサック問題">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.1 無制限ナップサック問題">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -3822,7 +3785,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.2   コイン交換問題">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.2 コイン交換問題">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -3872,7 +3835,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.3   コイン交換問題II">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.3 コイン交換問題II">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4446,6 +4409,7 @@
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
@@ -4468,7 +4432,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.1   無制限ナップサック問題">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.1 無制限ナップサック問題">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4518,7 +4482,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.2   コイン交換問題">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.2 コイン交換問題">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4568,7 +4532,7 @@
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.3   コイン交換問題II">
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="14.5.3 コイン交換問題II">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
@@ -4637,7 +4601,7 @@
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
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</a>
@@ -4653,7 +4617,7 @@
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 個のアイテムが与えられ、<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 番目のアイテムの重量は <span class="arithmatex">\(wgt[i-1]\)</span> で値は <span class="arithmatex">\(val[i-1]\)</span> です。容量が <span class="arithmatex">\(cap\)</span> のバックパックがあります。<strong>各アイテムは複数回選択できます</strong>。容量を超えることなくバックパックに入れることができるアイテムの最大値は何ですか?以下の例を参照してください。</p>
</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="無制限ナップサック問題の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="無制限ナップサック問題の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-22 &nbsp; 無制限ナップサック問題の例データ </p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 動的プログラミングアプローチ<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -4785,22 +4749,22 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:6"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">&lt;6&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="空間最適化後の無制限ナップサック問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step1.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="空間最適化後の無制限ナップサック問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step1.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step2.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step2.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step3.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step3.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step4.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step4.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step5.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step5.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step6.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp_step6.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4920,7 +4884,7 @@ dp[i, c] = \max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1])
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 種類のコインが与えられ、<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 番目の種類のコインの額面は <span class="arithmatex">\(coins[i - 1]\)</span> で、目標金額は <span class="arithmatex">\(amt\)</span> です。<strong>各種類のコインは複数回選択できます</strong>。目標金額を構成するのに必要な最小コイン数は何ですか?目標金額を構成できない場合は <span class="arithmatex">\(-1\)</span> を返してください。以下の例を参照してください。</p>
</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="コイン交換問題の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="コイン交換問題の例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-24 &nbsp; コイン交換問題の例データ </p>
<h3 id="1_1">1. &nbsp; 動的プログラミングアプローチ<a class="headerlink" href="#1_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -5072,49 +5036,49 @@ dp[i, a] = \min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1)
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:15"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_14" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_15" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">&lt;6&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">&lt;7&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">&lt;8&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">&lt;9&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">&lt;10&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">&lt;11&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">&lt;12&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">&lt;13&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_14">&lt;14&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_5_15">&lt;15&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="コイン交換問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step1.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="コイン交換問題の動的プログラミングプロセス" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step1.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step2.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step2.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step3.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step3.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step4.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step4.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step5.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step5.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step6.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step6.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step7.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step7.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step7.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step8.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step8.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step8.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step9.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step9.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step9.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step10.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step10.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step10.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step11.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step11.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step11" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step11.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step12.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step12.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step12" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step12.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step13.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step13.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step13" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step13.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step14.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step14.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step14" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step14.png" /></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step15.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="coin_change_dp_step15" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step15.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="coin_change_dp_step15" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_dp_step15.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -5241,7 +5205,7 @@ dp[i, a] = \min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1)
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
<p><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 種類のコインが与えられ、<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 番目の種類のコインの額面は <span class="arithmatex">\(coins[i - 1]\)</span> で、目標金額は <span class="arithmatex">\(amt\)</span> です。各種類のコインは複数回選択でき、<strong>目標金額を構成できるコインの組み合わせは何通りありますか</strong>。以下の例を参照してください。</p>
</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_ii_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="コイン交換問題IIの例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_ii_example.png" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="コイン交換問題IIの例データ" class="animation-figure" src="../unbounded_knapsack_problem.assets/coin_change_ii_example.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 図 14-26 &nbsp; コイン交換問題IIの例データ </p>
<h3 id="1_2">1. &nbsp; 動的プログラミングアプローチ<a class="headerlink" href="#1_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
@@ -5508,7 +5472,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg>
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@@ -5540,7 +5504,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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</a>
@@ -5618,7 +5582,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
<button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" class="lucide lucide-circle-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"/><path d="m16 12-4-4-4 4M12 16V8"/></svg>
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@@ -5626,46 +5590,6 @@ aria-label="フッター"
<footer class="md-footer">
<nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="フッター" >
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@@ -5688,7 +5612,7 @@ aria-label="フッター"
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