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@@ -305,9 +305,31 @@ status: new
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=== "Dart"
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```dart title="climbing_stairs_backtrack.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
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/* 回溯 */
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void backtrack(List<int> choices, int state, int n, List<int> res) {
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// 当爬到第 n 阶时,方案数量加 1
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if (state == n) {
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res[0]++;
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}
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// 遍历所有选择
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for (int choice in choices) {
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// 剪枝:不允许越过第 n 阶
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if (state + choice > n) break;
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// 尝试:做出选择,更新状态
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backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);
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// 回退
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}
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsBacktrack}
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/* 爬楼梯:回溯 */
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int climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {
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List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // 可选择向上爬 1 或 2 阶
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int state = 0; // 从第 0 阶开始爬
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List<int> res = [];
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res.add(0); // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
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backtrack(choices, state, n, res);
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return res[0];
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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@@ -550,9 +572,19 @@ $$
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=== "Dart"
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```dart title="climbing_stairs_dfs.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{dfs}
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/* 搜索 */
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int dfs(int i) {
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// 已知 dp[1] 和 dp[2] ,返回之
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if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;
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// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
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int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);
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return count;
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFS}
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/* 爬楼梯:搜索 */
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int climbingStairsDFS(int n) {
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return dfs(n);
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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@@ -840,9 +872,25 @@ $$
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=== "Dart"
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```dart title="climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{dfs}
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/* 记忆化搜索 */
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int dfs(int i, List<int> mem) {
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// 已知 dp[1] 和 dp[2] ,返回之
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if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;
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// 若存在记录 dp[i] ,则直接返回之
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if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];
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// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]
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int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);
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// 记录 dp[i]
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mem[i] = count;
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return count;
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFSMem}
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/* 爬楼梯:记忆化搜索 */
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int climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {
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// mem[i] 记录爬到第 i 阶的方案总数,-1 代表无记录
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List<int> mem = List.filled(n + 1, -1);
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return dfs(n, mem);
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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@@ -1071,7 +1119,20 @@ $$
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=== "Dart"
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```dart title="climbing_stairs_dp.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDP}
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/* 爬楼梯:动态规划 */
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int climbingStairsDP(int n) {
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if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;
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// 初始化 dp 表,用于存储子问题的解
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List<int> dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);
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// 初始状态:预设最小子问题的解
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dp[1] = 1;
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dp[2] = 2;
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// 状态转移:从较小子问题逐步求解较大子问题
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for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
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dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];
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}
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return dp[n];
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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@@ -1270,7 +1331,17 @@ $$
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=== "Dart"
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```dart title="climbing_stairs_dp.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDPComp}
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/* 爬楼梯:状态压缩后的动态规划 */
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int climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {
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if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;
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int a = 1, b = 2;
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for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {
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int tmp = b;
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b = a + b;
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a = tmp;
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}
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return b;
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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