Sort the coding languages by applications. (#721)

This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin
2023-09-04 03:19:08 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 8d5e84f70a
commit 9c3b7b6422
55 changed files with 6826 additions and 6826 deletions
+302 -302
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@@ -20,17 +20,16 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
由于 AVL 树的相关操作需要获取节点高度,因此我们需要为节点类添加 `height` 变量。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
public int val; // 节点值
public int height; // 节点高度
public TreeNode left; // 左子节点
public TreeNode right; // 右子节点
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
```python title=""
class TreeNode:
"""AVL 树节点类"""
def __init__(self, val: int):
self.val: int = val # 节点
self.height: int = 0 # 节点高度
self.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None # 左子节点引用
self.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None # 右子节点引用
```
=== "C++"
@@ -47,16 +46,30 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
};
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title=""
class TreeNode:
"""AVL 树节点类"""
def __init__(self, val: int):
self.val: int = val # 节点
self.height: int = 0 # 节点高度
self.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None # 左子节点引用
self.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None # 右子节点引用
```java title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
public int val; // 节点值
public int height; // 节点高度
public TreeNode left; // 左子节点
public TreeNode right; // 右子节点
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
public int val; // 节点值
public int height; // 节点高度
public TreeNode? left; // 左子节点
public TreeNode? right; // 右子节点
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -71,6 +84,23 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
var val: Int // 节点值
var height: Int // 节点高度
var left: TreeNode? // 左子节点
var right: TreeNode? // 右子节点
init(x: Int) {
val = x
height = 0
}
}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title=""
@@ -107,6 +137,25 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
int val; // 节点值
int height; // 节点高度
TreeNode? left; // 左子节点
TreeNode? right; // 右子节点
TreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);
}
```
=== "Rust"
```rust title=""
```
=== "C"
```c title=""
@@ -133,69 +182,20 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
public int val; // 节点值
public int height; // 节点高度
public TreeNode? left; // 左子节点
public TreeNode? right; // 右子节点
public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
var val: Int // 节点值
var height: Int // 节点高度
var left: TreeNode? // 左子节点
var right: TreeNode? // 右子节点
init(x: Int) {
val = x
height = 0
}
}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title=""
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title=""
/* AVL 树节点类 */
class TreeNode {
int val; // 节点值
int height; // 节点高度
TreeNode? left; // 左子节点
TreeNode? right; // 右子节点
TreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);
}
```
=== "Rust"
```rust title=""
```
“节点高度”是指从该节点到最远叶节点的距离,即所经过的“边”的数量。需要特别注意的是,叶节点的高度为 0 ,而空节点的高度为 -1 。我们将创建两个工具函数,分别用于获取和更新节点的高度。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__update_height}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -206,12 +206,20 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__update_height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -222,6 +230,14 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -238,38 +254,6 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{height}
[class]{}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -286,14 +270,30 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{update_height}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{height}
[class]{}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{height}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{updateHeight}
```
### 节点平衡因子
节点的「平衡因子 balance factor」定义为节点左子树的高度减去右子树的高度,同时规定空节点的平衡因子为 0 。我们同样将获取节点平衡因子的功能封装成函数,方便后续使用。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balance_factor}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -302,10 +302,16 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balance_factor}
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -326,30 +338,6 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -362,6 +350,18 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树,同时满足这两类二叉
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balance_factor}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{balanceFactor}
```
!!! note
设平衡因子为 $f$ ,则一棵 AVL 树的任意节点的平衡因子皆满足 $-1 \le f \le 1$ 。
@@ -394,10 +394,10 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
“向右旋转”是一种形象化的说法,实际上需要通过修改节点指针来实现,代码如下所示。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__right_rotate}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -406,10 +406,16 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__right_rotate}
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -418,6 +424,12 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -430,30 +442,6 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -466,6 +454,18 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{right_rotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rightRotate}
```
### 左旋
相应的,如果考虑上述失衡二叉树的“镜像”,则需要执行下图所示的“左旋”操作。
@@ -478,10 +478,10 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
可以观察到,**右旋和左旋操作在逻辑上是镜像对称的,它们分别解决的两种失衡情况也是对称的**。基于对称性,我们只需将右旋的实现代码中的所有的 `left` 替换为 `right` ,将所有的 `right` 替换为 `left` ,即可得到左旋的实现代码。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__left_rotate}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -490,10 +490,16 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__left_rotate}
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -502,6 +508,12 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -514,30 +526,6 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -550,6 +538,18 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{left_rotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{leftRotate}
```
### 先左旋后右旋
对于下图中的失衡节点 3 ,仅使用左旋或右旋都无法使子树恢复平衡。此时需要先对 `child` 执行“左旋”,再对 `node` 执行“右旋”。
@@ -581,10 +581,10 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
为了便于使用,我们将旋转操作封装成一个函数。**有了这个函数,我们就能对各种失衡情况进行旋转,使失衡节点重新恢复平衡**。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__rotate}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -593,10 +593,16 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__rotate}
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -605,6 +611,12 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -617,30 +629,6 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -653,18 +641,30 @@ AVL 树的特点在于“旋转”操作,它能够在不影响二叉树的中
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{}-[func]{rotate}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{rotate}
```
## AVL 树常用操作
### 插入节点
AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区别在于,在 AVL 树中插入节点后,从该节点到根节点的路径上可能会出现一系列失衡节点。因此,**我们需要从这个节点开始,自底向上执行旋转操作,使所有失衡节点恢复平衡**。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__insert_helper}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -675,12 +675,20 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__insert_helper}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -691,6 +699,14 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -707,38 +723,6 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -755,16 +739,32 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert_helper}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insert}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{insertHelper}
```
### 删除节点
类似地,在二叉搜索树的删除节点方法的基础上,需要从底至顶地执行旋转操作,使所有失衡节点恢复平衡。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__remove_helper}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -775,12 +775,20 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="avl_tree.py"
```java title="avl_tree.java"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{__remove_helper}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -791,6 +799,14 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="avl_tree.js"
@@ -807,38 +823,6 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{removeNode}
[class]{}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="avl_tree.cs"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="avl_tree.dart"
@@ -855,6 +839,22 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove_helper}
```
=== "C"
```c title="avl_tree.c"
[class]{aVLTree}-[func]{removeNode}
[class]{}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="avl_tree.zig"
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{remove}
[class]{AVLTree}-[func]{removeHelper}
```
### 查找节点
AVL 树的节点查找操作与二叉搜索树一致,在此不再赘述。