feat: Add Ruby code - chapter "Backtracking" (#1373)

* [feat] add ruby code - chapter backtracking

* feat: add ruby code block - chapter backtracking

codes/ruby/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+=begin
+File: preorder_traversal_i_compact.rb
+Created Time: 2024-05-22
+Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
+=end
+
+require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
+require_relative '../utils/print_util'
+
+### 前序遍历：例题一 ###
+def pre_order(root)
+  return unless root
+
+  # 记录解
+  $res << root if root.val == 7
+
+  pre_order(root.left)
+  pre_order(root.right)
+end
+
+### Driver Code ###
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  root = arr_to_tree([1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+  puts "\n初始化二叉树"
+  print_tree(root)
+
+  # 前序遍历
+  $res = []
+  pre_order(root)
+
+  puts "\n输出所有值为 7 的节点"
+  p $res.map { |node| node.val }
+end