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2023-12-06 22:28:53 +08:00
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<h1 id="113">11.3 &nbsp; 冒泡排序<a class="headerlink" href="#113" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「冒泡排序 bubble sort」通过连续地比较与交换相邻元素实现排序。这个过程就像气泡从底部升到顶部一样,因此得名冒泡排序。</p>
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<h1 id="118">11.8 &nbsp; 桶排序<a class="headerlink" href="#118" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>前述几种排序算法都属于“基于比较的排序算法”,它们通过比较元素间的大小来实现排序。此类排序算法的时间复杂度无法超越 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \log n)\)</span> 。接下来,我们将探讨几种“非比较排序算法”,它们的时间复杂度可以达到线性阶。</p>
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<h1 id="119">11.9 &nbsp; 计数排序<a class="headerlink" href="#119" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「计数排序 counting sort」通过统计元素数量来实现排序,通常应用于整数数组。</p>
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<h1 id="117">11.7 &nbsp; 堆排序<a class="headerlink" href="#117" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
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<h1 id="11">第 11 章 &nbsp; 排序<a class="headerlink" href="#11" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
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<h1 id="114">11.4 &nbsp; 插入排序<a class="headerlink" href="#114" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「插入排序 insertion sort」是一种简单的排序算法,它的工作原理与手动整理一副牌的过程非常相似。</p>
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<h1 id="116">11.6 &nbsp; 归并排序<a class="headerlink" href="#116" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「归并排序 merge sort」是一种基于分治策略的排序算法,包含图 11-10 所示的“划分”和“合并”阶段。</p>
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<h1 id="115">11.5 &nbsp; 快速排序<a class="headerlink" href="#115" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「快速排序 quick sort」是一种基于分治策略的排序算法,运行高效,应用广泛。</p>
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<h1 id="1110">11.10 &nbsp; 基数排序<a class="headerlink" href="#1110" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>上一节介绍了计数排序,它适用于数据量 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 较大但数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 较小的情况。假设我们需要对 <span class="arithmatex">\(n = 10^6\)</span> 个学号进行排序,而学号是一个 <span class="arithmatex">\(8\)</span> 位数字,这意味着数据范围 <span class="arithmatex">\(m = 10^8\)</span> 非常大,使用计数排序需要分配大量内存空间,而基数排序可以避免这种情况。</p>
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<h1 id="112">11.2 &nbsp; 选择排序<a class="headerlink" href="#112" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「选择排序 selection sort」的工作原理非常简单:开启一个循环,每轮从未排序区间选择最小的元素,将其放到已排序区间的末尾。</p>
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<h1 id="111">11.1 &nbsp; 排序算法<a class="headerlink" href="#111" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「排序算法 sorting algorithm」用于对一组数据按照特定顺序进行排列。排序算法有着广泛的应用,因为有序数据通常能够被更高效地查找、分析和处理。</p>
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<h1 id="1111">11.11 &nbsp; 小结<a class="headerlink" href="#1111" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 重点回顾<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>