feat(bucket_sort): add bucket_sort code in go/c (#443)

* feat(bucket_sort): add bucket_sort code in go/c

* feat(go): add bucket_sort

* feat(c): add bucket_sort in c

* Update bucket_sort_test.go

---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>

codes/c/chapter_sorting/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 add_executable(bubble_sort bubble_sort.c)
+add_executable(bucket_sort bucket_sort.c)
 add_executable(insertion_sort insertion_sort.c)
 add_executable(quick_sort quick_sort.c)
 add_executable(counting_sort counting_sort.c)

codes/c/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.c

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * File: bucket_sort.c
+ * Created Time: 2023-03-27
+ * Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
+ */
+
+#include "../include/include.h"
+
+/* 冒泡排序 */
+void bucketSort(double nums[], int size) {
+    // 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素
+    int k = size / 2;
+	// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
+    // 输入数据范围 [0, 1)，使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
+    // 将 num 添加进桶 i
+
+	// 2. 对各个桶执行排序
+
+	// 使用内置切片排序函数，也可以替换成其它排序算法
+
+	// 3. 遍历桶合并结果
+
+}
+
+/* Driver Code */
+int main() {
+    // 设输入数据为浮点数，范围为 [0, 1)
+    double nums[] = {0.49, 0.96, 0.82, 0.09, 0.57, 0.43, 0.91, 0.75, 0.15, 0.37};
+    int size = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(double);
+    bucketSort(nums, size);
+
+    printf("桶排序完成后 nums = ");
+    printf("[");
+    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
+        printf("%g, ", nums[i]);
+    }
+    printf("]");
+}