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@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ comments: true
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```cpp title="graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp"
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/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */
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class GraphAdjMat {
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vector<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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vector<vector<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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vector<int> vertices; // 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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vector<vector<int>> adjMat; // 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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public:
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/* 构造方法 */
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@@ -213,15 +213,15 @@ comments: true
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=== "Python"
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```python title="graph_adjacency_matrix.py"
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""" 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 """
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class GraphAdjMat:
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""" 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 """
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# 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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vertices = []
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# 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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adj_mat = []
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""" 构造方法 """
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def __init__(self, vertices, edges):
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""" 构造方法 """
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self.vertices = []
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self.adj_mat = []
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# 添加顶点
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@@ -232,12 +232,12 @@ comments: true
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for e in edges:
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self.add_edge(e[0], e[1])
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""" 获取顶点数量 """
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def size(self):
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""" 获取顶点数量 """
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return len(self.vertices)
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""" 添加顶点 """
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def add_vertex(self, val):
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""" 添加顶点 """
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n = self.size()
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# 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
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self.vertices.append(val)
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@@ -248,9 +248,8 @@ comments: true
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for row in self.adj_mat:
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row.append(0)
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""" 删除顶点 """
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def remove_vertex(self, index):
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""" 删除顶点 """
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if index >= self.size():
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raise IndexError()
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# 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
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@@ -261,9 +260,9 @@ comments: true
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for row in self.adj_mat:
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row.pop(index)
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""" 添加边 """
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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def add_edge(self, i, j):
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""" 添加边 """
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:
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raise IndexError()
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@@ -271,17 +270,17 @@ comments: true
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self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1
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self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1
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""" 删除边 """
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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def remove_edge(self, i, j):
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""" 删除边 """
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:
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raise IndexError()
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self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0
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self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0
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""" 打印邻接矩阵 """
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def print(self):
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""" 打印邻接矩阵 """
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print("顶点列表 =", self.vertices)
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print("邻接矩阵 =")
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print_matrix(self.adj_mat)
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@@ -964,13 +963,13 @@ comments: true
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=== "Python"
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```python title="graph_adjacency_list.py"
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""" 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 """
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class GraphAdjList:
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""" 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 """
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# 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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adj_list = {}
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""" 构造方法 """
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def __init__(self, edges: List[List[Vertex]]) -> None:
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""" 构造方法 """
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self.adj_list = {}
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# 添加所有顶点和边
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for edge in edges:
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@@ -978,35 +977,35 @@ comments: true
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self.add_vertex(edge[1])
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self.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])
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""" 获取顶点数量 """
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def size(self) -> int:
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""" 获取顶点数量 """
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return len(self.adj_list)
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""" 添加边 """
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def add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) -> None:
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""" 添加边 """
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if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:
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raise ValueError
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# 添加边 vet1 - vet2
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self.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)
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self.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)
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""" 删除边 """
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def remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) -> None:
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""" 删除边 """
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if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:
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raise ValueError
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# 删除边 vet1 - vet2
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self.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)
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self.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)
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""" 添加顶点 """
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def add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex) -> None:
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""" 添加顶点 """
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if vet in self.adj_list:
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return
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# 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
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self.adj_list[vet] = []
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""" 删除顶点 """
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def remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex) -> None:
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""" 删除顶点 """
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if vet not in self.adj_list:
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raise ValueError
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# 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
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@@ -1016,8 +1015,8 @@ comments: true
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if vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:
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self.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)
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""" 打印邻接表 """
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def print(self) -> None:
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""" 打印邻接表 """
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print("邻接表 =")
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for vertex in self.adj_list:
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tmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]
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@@ -1223,7 +1222,7 @@ comments: true
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/* 添加边 */
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addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {
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if (!this.adjList.has(vet1) || !this.adjList.has(vet2) || vet1 === vet2) {
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throw new Error("Illegal Argument Exception");
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throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
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}
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// 添加边 vet1 - vet2
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this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);
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@@ -1233,7 +1232,7 @@ comments: true
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/* 删除边 */
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removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {
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if (!this.adjList.has(vet1) || !this.adjList.has(vet2) || vet1 === vet2) {
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throw new Error("Illegal Argument Exception");
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throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
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}
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// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
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this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);
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@@ -1250,7 +1249,7 @@ comments: true
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/* 删除顶点 */
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removeVertex(vet: Vertex): void {
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if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {
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throw new Error("Illegal Argument Exception");
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throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');
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}
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// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
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this.adjList.delete(vet);
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@@ -1265,13 +1264,13 @@ comments: true
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/* 打印邻接表 */
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print(): void {
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console.log("邻接表 =");
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console.log('邻接表 =');
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for (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {
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const tmp = [];
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for (const vertex of value) {
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tmp.push(vertex.val);
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}
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console.log(key.val + ": " + tmp.join());
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console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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=== "Python"
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```python title="graph_bfs.py"
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""" 广度优先遍历 BFS """
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# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> List[Vertex]:
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""" 广度优先遍历 BFS """
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# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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# 顶点遍历序列
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res = []
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# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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@@ -198,15 +198,15 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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const que = [startVet];
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// 以顶点 vet 为起点,循环直至访问完所有顶点
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while (que.length) {
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const vet = que.shift(); // 队首顶点出队
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res.push(vet); // 记录访问顶点
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const vet = que.shift(); // 队首顶点出队
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res.push(vet); // 记录访问顶点
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// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {
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if (visited.has(adjVet)) {
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continue; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点
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continue; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点
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}
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que.push(adjVet); // 只入队未访问
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visited.add(adjVet); // 标记该顶点已被访问
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que.push(adjVet); // 只入队未访问
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visited.add(adjVet); // 标记该顶点已被访问
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}
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}
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// 返回顶点遍历序列
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@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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=== "Python"
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```python title="graph_dfs.py"
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""" 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 """
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def dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: Set[Vertex], res: List[Vertex], vet: Vertex):
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""" 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 """
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res.append(vet) # 记录访问顶点
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visited.add(vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
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# 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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@@ -389,9 +389,8 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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# 递归访问邻接顶点
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dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet)
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""" 深度优先遍历 DFS """
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# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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def graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> List[Vertex]:
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""" 深度优先遍历 DFS """
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# 顶点遍历序列
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res = []
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# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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@@ -466,8 +465,8 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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```typescript title="graph_dfs.ts"
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/* 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 */
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function dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: Set<Vertex>, res: Vertex[], vet: Vertex): void {
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res.push(vet); // 记录访问顶点
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visited.add(vet); // 标记该顶点已被访问
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res.push(vet); // 记录访问顶点
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visited.add(vet); // 标记该顶点已被访问
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// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {
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if (visited.has(adjVet)) {
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