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@@ -3615,12 +3615,12 @@
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<p>Given two strings <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> and <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span>, return the minimum number of edits required to transform <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> into <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span>.</p>
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<p>You can perform three types of edits on a string: insert a character, delete a character, or replace a character with any other character.</p>
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</div>
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<p>As shown in the Figure 14-27 , transforming <code>kitten</code> into <code>sitting</code> requires 3 edits, including 2 replacements and 1 insertion; transforming <code>hello</code> into <code>algo</code> requires 3 steps, including 2 replacements and 1 deletion.</p>
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<p>As shown in Figure 14-27, transforming <code>kitten</code> into <code>sitting</code> requires 3 edits, including 2 replacements and 1 insertion; transforming <code>hello</code> into <code>algo</code> requires 3 steps, including 2 replacements and 1 deletion.</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_example.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Example data of edit distance" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_example.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> Figure 14-27 Example data of edit distance </p>
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<p><strong>The edit distance problem can naturally be explained with a decision tree model</strong>. Strings correspond to tree nodes, and a round of decision (an edit operation) corresponds to an edge of the tree.</p>
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<p>As shown in the Figure 14-28 , with unrestricted operations, each node can derive many edges, each corresponding to one operation, meaning there are many possible paths to transform <code>hello</code> into <code>algo</code>.</p>
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<p>As shown in Figure 14-28, with unrestricted operations, each node can derive many edges, each corresponding to one operation, meaning there are many possible paths to transform <code>hello</code> into <code>algo</code>.</p>
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<p>From the perspective of the decision tree, the goal of this problem is to find the shortest path between the node <code>hello</code> and the node <code>algo</code>.</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Edit distance problem represented based on decision tree model" class="animation-figure" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> Figure 14-28 Edit distance problem represented based on decision tree model </p>
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@@ -3637,7 +3637,7 @@
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<p>State <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> corresponds to the subproblem: <strong>The minimum number of edits required to change the first <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> characters of <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> into the first <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> characters of <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span></strong>.</p>
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<p>From this, we obtain a two-dimensional <span class="arithmatex">\(dp\)</span> table of size <span class="arithmatex">\((i+1) \times (j+1)\)</span>.</p>
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<p><strong>Step two: Identify the optimal substructure and then derive the state transition equation</strong></p>
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<p>Consider the subproblem <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j]\)</span>, whose corresponding tail characters of the two strings are <span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span> and <span class="arithmatex">\(t[j-1]\)</span>, which can be divided into three scenarios as shown below.</p>
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<p>Consider the subproblem <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j]\)</span>, whose corresponding tail characters of the two strings are <span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span> and <span class="arithmatex">\(t[j-1]\)</span>, which can be divided into three scenarios as shown in Figure 14-29.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Add <span class="arithmatex">\(t[j-1]\)</span> after <span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span>, then the remaining subproblem is <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j-1]\)</span>.</li>
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<li>Delete <span class="arithmatex">\(s[i-1]\)</span>, then the remaining subproblem is <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j]\)</span>.</li>
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@@ -4050,7 +4050,7 @@ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1]
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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20edit_distance_dp%28s%3A%20str,%20t%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%EF%BC%9A%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20n,%20m%20%3D%20len%28s%29,%20len%28t%29%0A%20%20%20%20dp%20%3D%20%5B%5B0%5D%20*%20%28m%20%2B%201%29%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%20%2B%201%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%A6%96%E8%A1%8C%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281,%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5B0%5D%20%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281,%20m%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5B0%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20j%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%99%E8%A1%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281,%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281,%20m%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20s%5Bi%20-%201%5D%20%3D%3D%20t%5Bj%20-%201%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E4%B8%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B7%B3%E8%BF%87%E6%AD%A4%E4%B8%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%95%B0%20%3D%20%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E3%80%81%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E3%80%81%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%95%B0%20%2B%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20min%28dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D,%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%5D,%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D%29%20%2B%201%0A%20%20%20%20return%20dp%5Bn%5D%5Bm%5D%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20s%20%3D%20%22bag%22%0A%20%20%20%20t%20%3D%20%22pack%22%0A%20%20%20%20n,%20m%20%3D%20len%28s%29,%20len%28t%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20edit_distance_dp%28s,%20t%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%B0%86%20%7Bs%7D%20%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bt%7D%20%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%20%7Bres%7D%20%E6%AD%A5%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20edit_distance_dp%28s%3A%20str,%20t%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%EF%BC%9A%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20n,%20m%20%3D%20len%28s%29,%20len%28t%29%0A%20%20%20%20dp%20%3D%20%5B%5B0%5D%20*%20%28m%20%2B%201%29%20for%20_%20in%20range%28n%20%2B%201%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E9%A6%96%E8%A1%8C%E9%A6%96%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281,%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5B0%5D%20%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281,%20m%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5B0%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20j%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B6%E4%BD%99%E8%A1%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281,%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281,%20m%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20s%5Bi%20-%201%5D%20%3D%3D%20t%5Bj%20-%201%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E4%B8%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B7%B3%E8%BF%87%E6%AD%A4%E4%B8%A4%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%95%B0%20%3D%20%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E3%80%81%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E3%80%81%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%95%B0%20%2B%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%5D%20%3D%20min%28dp%5Bi%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D,%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%5D,%20dp%5Bi%20-%201%5D%5Bj%20-%201%5D%29%20%2B%201%0A%20%20%20%20return%20dp%5Bn%5D%5Bm%5D%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20s%20%3D%20%22bag%22%0A%20%20%20%20t%20%3D%20%22pack%22%0A%20%20%20%20n,%20m%20%3D%20len%28s%29,%20len%28t%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20edit_distance_dp%28s,%20t%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%B0%86%20%7Bs%7D%20%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bt%7D%20%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%91%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%20%7Bres%7D%20%E6%AD%A5%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>As shown below, the process of state transition in the edit distance problem is very similar to that in the knapsack problem, which can be seen as filling a two-dimensional grid.</p>
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<p>As shown in Figure 14-30, the process of state transition in the edit distance problem is very similar to that in the knapsack problem, which can be seen as filling a two-dimensional grid.</p>
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