Update JavaScript and TypeScript codes for all chapters, rename JavaScript and TypeScript import folder to modules (#402)

* Update JavaScript and TypeScript codes

* Rename JavaScript and TypeScript import folder to modules

codes/typescript/modules/ListNode.ts

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+/**
+ * File: ListNode.ts
+ * Created Time: 2022-12-10
+ * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Definition for a singly-linked list node
+ */
+class ListNode {
+    val: number;
+    next: ListNode | null;
+    constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {
+        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;
+        this.next = next === undefined ? null : next;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a linked list with an array
+ * @param arr
+ * @return
+ */
+function arrToLinkedList(arr: number[]): ListNode | null {
+    const dum: ListNode = new ListNode(0);
+    let head = dum;
+    for (const val of arr) {
+        head.next = new ListNode(val);
+        head = head.next;
+    }
+    return dum.next;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a list node with specific value from a linked list
+ * @param head
+ * @param val
+ * @return
+ */
+function getListNode(head: ListNode | null, val: number): ListNode | null {
+    while (head !== null && head.val !== val) {
+        head = head.next;
+    }
+    return head;
+}
+
+export {
+    ListNode,
+    arrToLinkedList,
+    getListNode
+};

codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts

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+/**
+ * File: PrintUtil.ts
+ * Created Time: 2022-12-13
+ * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
+ */
+
+import { ListNode } from "./ListNode";
+import { TreeNode, arrToTree } from "./TreeNode";
+
+/**
+ * Print a linked list
+ * @param head
+ */
+function printLinkedList(head: ListNode | null): void {
+    const list: string[] = [];
+    while (head !== null) {
+        list.push(head.val.toString());
+        head = head.next;
+    }
+    console.log(list.join(' -> '));
+}
+
+class Trunk {
+    prev: Trunk | null;
+    str: string;
+
+    constructor(prev: Trunk | null, str: string) {
+        this.prev = prev;
+        this.str = str;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The interface of the tree printer
+ * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+ * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+ * @param root
+ */
+function printTree(root: TreeNode | null) {
+    printTreeHelper(root, null, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print a binary tree
+ * @param root
+ * @param prev
+ * @param isLeft
+ */
+function printTreeHelper(root: TreeNode | null, prev: Trunk | null, isLeft: boolean) {
+    if (root === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let prev_str = '    ';
+    const trunk = new Trunk(prev, prev_str);
+
+    printTreeHelper(root.right, trunk, true);
+
+    if (prev === null) {
+        trunk.str = '———';
+    } else if (isLeft) {
+        trunk.str = '/———';
+        prev_str = '   |';
+    } else {
+        trunk.str = '\\———';
+        prev.str = prev_str;
+    }
+
+    showTrunks(trunk);
+    console.log(' ' + root.val);
+
+    if (prev) {
+        prev.str = prev_str;
+    }
+    trunk.str = '   |';
+
+    printTreeHelper(root.left, trunk, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to print branches of the binary tree
+ * @param p
+ */
+function showTrunks(p: Trunk | null) {
+    if (p === null) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    showTrunks(p.prev);
+    process.stdout.write(p.str);
+    // ts-node to execute, we need to install type definitions for node
+    // solve: npm i --save-dev @types/node
+    // restart the vscode
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print a heap
+ * @param arr
+ */
+function printHeap(arr: number[]): void {
+    console.log("堆的数组表示：");
+    console.log(arr);
+    console.log("堆的树状表示：");
+    const root = arrToTree(arr);
+    printTree(root);
+}
+
+export {
+    printLinkedList,
+    printTree,
+    printHeap
+};

codes/typescript/modules/TreeNode.ts

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+/**
+ * File: TreeNode.ts
+ * Created Time: 2022-12-13
+ * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Definition for a binary tree node.
+ */
+class TreeNode {
+    val: number;            // 结点值
+    height: number;         // 结点高度
+    left: TreeNode | null;  // 左子结点指针
+    right: TreeNode | null; // 右子结点指针
+    constructor(val?: number, height?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
+        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;
+        this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height; 
+        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; 
+        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; 
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a binary tree given an array
+ * @param arr
+ * @return
+ */
+function arrToTree(arr: (number | null)[]): TreeNode | null {
+    if (arr.length === 0) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    const root = new TreeNode(arr[0] as number);
+    const queue = [root];
+    let i = 0;
+    while (queue.length) {
+        const node = queue.shift() as TreeNode;
+        if (++i >= arr.length) break;
+        if (arr[i] !== null) {
+            node.left = new TreeNode(arr[i] as number);
+            queue.push(node.left);
+        }
+        if (++i >= arr.length) break;
+        if (arr[i] !== null) {
+            node.right = new TreeNode(arr[i] as number);
+            queue.push(node.right);
+        }
+    }
+    return root;
+}
+
+export {
+    TreeNode,
+    arrToTree
+};

codes/typescript/modules/Vertex.ts

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+/**
+ * File: Vertex.ts
+ * Created Time: 2023-02-15
+ * Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
+ */
+
+
+/* 顶点类 */
+class Vertex {
+    val: number;
+    constructor(val: number) {
+        this.val = val;
+    }
+
+    /* 输入值列表 vals ，返回顶点列表 vets */
+    public static valsToVets(vals: number[]): Vertex[] {
+        const vets: Vertex[] = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) {
+            vets[i] = new Vertex(vals[i]);
+        }
+        return vets;
+    }
+
+    /* 输入顶点列表 vets ，返回值列表 vals */
+    public static vetsToVals(vets: Vertex[]): number[] {
+        const vals: number[] = [];
+        for (const vet of vets) {
+            vals.push(vet.val);
+        }
+        return vals;
+    }
+}
+
+export {
+    Vertex
+};