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chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/index.html
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<p>那么，基本数据类型与数据结构之间有什么联系呢？我们知道，数据结构是在计算机中组织与存储数据的方式。这句话的主语是“结构”而非“数据”。</p>
<p>如果想表示“一排数字”，我们自然会想到使用数组。这是因为数组的线性结构可以表示数字的相邻关系和顺序关系，但至于存储的内容是整数 <code>int</code>、小数 <code>float</code> 还是字符 <code>char</code> ，则与“数据结构”无关。</p>
<p>换句话说，<strong>基本数据类型提供了数据的“内容类型”，而数据结构提供了数据的“组织方式”</strong>。例如以下代码，我们用相同的数据结构（数组）来存储与表示不同的基本数据类型，包括 <code>int</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>char</code>、<code>bool</code> 等。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># 使用多种基本数据类型来初始化数组</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="n">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;h&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;e&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;o&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="c1">// 以上代码展示了定义一个字面量数组的方式，其中你可以选择指明数组的大小或者使用 _ 代替。使用 _ 时，Zig 会尝试自动计算数组的长度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matrix_4x4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="c1">// 多维数组（矩阵）实际上就是嵌套数组，我们很容易就可以创建一个多维数组出来</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="c1">// 定义一个哨兵终止数组，本质上来说，这是为了兼容 C 中的规定的字符串结尾字符\0。我们使用语法 [N:x]T 来描述一个元素为类型 T，长度为 N 的数组，在它对应 N 的索引处的值应该是 x</span>
</code></pre></div>
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