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<p>那麼，基本資料型別與資料結構之間有什麼關聯呢？我們知道，資料結構是在計算機中組織與儲存資料的方式。這句話的主語是“結構”而非“資料”。</p>
<p>如果想表示“一排數字”，我們自然會想到使用陣列。這是因為陣列的線性結構可以表示數字的相鄰關係和順序關係，但至於儲存的內容是整數 <code>int</code>、小數 <code>float</code> 還是字元 <code>char</code> ，則與“資料結構”無關。</p>
<p>換句話說，<strong>基本資料型別提供了資料的“內容型別”，而資料結構提供了資料的“組織方式”</strong>。例如以下程式碼，我們用相同的資料結構（陣列）來儲存與表示不同的基本資料型別，包括 <code>int</code>、<code>float</code>、<code>char</code>、<code>bool</code> 等。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># 使用多種基本資料型別來初始化陣列</span>
@@ -4511,22 +4511,6 @@
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="n">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;h&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;e&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;l&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&#39;o&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="c1">// 以上程式碼展示了定義一個字面量陣列的方式，其中你可以選擇指明陣列的大小或者使用 _ 代替。使用 _ 時，Zig 會嘗試自動計算陣列的長度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matrix_4x4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="c1">// 多維陣列（矩陣）實際上就是巢狀陣列，我們很容易就可以建立一個多維陣列出來</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">array</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="c1">// 定義一個哨兵終止陣列，本質上來說，這是為了相容 C 中的規定的字串結尾字元\0。我們使用語法 [N:x]T 來描述一個元素為型別 T，長度為 N 的陣列，在它對應 N 的索引處的值應該是 x</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
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