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序
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序
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第 0 章 &nbsp; 前言
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第 1 章 &nbsp; 初识算法
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第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度分析
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第 3 章 &nbsp; 数据结构
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第 4 章 &nbsp; 数组与链表
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第 5 章 &nbsp; 栈与队列
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第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
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第 7 章 &nbsp; 树
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第 8 章 &nbsp; 堆
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第 9 章 &nbsp; 图
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第 11 章 &nbsp; 排序
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第 12 章 &nbsp; 分治
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第 13 章 &nbsp; 回溯
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第 14 章 &nbsp; 动态规划
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第 15 章 &nbsp; 贪心
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第 16 章 &nbsp; 附录
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<a href="../../chapter_paperbook/" class="md-nav__link ">
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纸质书
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../avl_tree.assets/avltree_degradation_from_inserting_node.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="AVL 树在插入节点后发生退化" class="animation-figure" src="../avl_tree.assets/avltree_degradation_from_inserting_node.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 图 7-25 &nbsp; AVL 树在插入节点后发生退化 </p>
<p>1962 年 G. M. Adelson-Velsky 和 E. M. Landis 在论文“An algorithm for the organization of information”中提出了「AVL 树」。论文中详细描述了一系列操作，确保在持续添加和删除节点后，AVL 树不会退化，从而使得各种操作的时间复杂度保持在 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 级别。换句话说，在需要频繁进行增删查改操作的场景中，AVL 树能始终保持高效的数据操作性能，具有很好的应用价值。</p>
<p>1962 年 G. M. Adelson-Velsky 和 E. M. Landis 在论文“An algorithm for the organization of information”中提出了<u>AVL（树）</u>。论文中详细描述了一系列操作，确保在持续添加和删除节点后，AVL 树不会退化，从而使得各种操作的时间复杂度保持在 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 级别。换句话说，在需要频繁进行增删查改操作的场景中，AVL 树能始终保持高效的数据操作性能，具有很好的应用价值。</p>
<h2 id="751-avl">7.5.1 &nbsp; AVL 树常见术语<a class="headerlink" href="#751-avl" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>AVL 树既是二叉搜索树，也是平衡二叉树，同时满足这两类二叉树的所有性质，因此是一种「平衡二叉搜索树 balanced binary search tree」。</p>
<p>AVL 树既是二叉搜索树，也是平衡二叉树，同时满足这两类二叉树的所有性质，因此是一种<u>平衡二叉搜索树（balanced binary search tree）</u>。</p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 节点高度<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>由于 AVL 树的相关操作需要获取节点高度，因此我们需要为节点类添加 <code>height</code> 变量：</p>
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<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 节点平衡因子<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>节点的「平衡因子 balance factor」定义为节点左子树的高度减去右子树的高度，同时规定空节点的平衡因子为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> 。我们同样将获取节点平衡因子的功能封装成函数，方便后续使用：</p>
<p>节点的<u>平衡因子（balance factor）</u>定义为节点左子树的高度减去右子树的高度，同时规定空节点的平衡因子为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> 。我们同样将获取节点平衡因子的功能封装成函数，方便后续使用：</p>
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