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@@ -279,6 +279,27 @@ $$
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[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="min_path_sum.rs"
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/* 最小路径和:暴力搜索 */
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fn min_path_sum_dfs(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {
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// 若为左上角单元格,则终止搜索
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if i == 0 && j == 0 {
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return grid[0][0];
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,则返回 +∞ 代价
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if i < 0 || j < 0 {
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return i32::MAX;
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}
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// 计算从左上角到 (i-1, j) 和 (i, j-1) 的最小路径代价
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let left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j);
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let up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1);
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// 返回从左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路径代价
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std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize]
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}
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```
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下图给出了以 $dp[2, 1]$ 为根节点的递归树,其中包含一些重叠子问题,其数量会随着网格 `grid` 的尺寸变大而急剧增多。
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本质上看,造成重叠子问题的原因为:**存在多条路径可以从左上角到达某一单元格**。
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@@ -498,6 +519,32 @@ $$
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[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="min_path_sum.rs"
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/* 最小路径和:记忆化搜索 */
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fn min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {
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// 若为左上角单元格,则终止搜索
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if i == 0 && j == 0 {
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return grid[0][0];
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,则返回 +∞ 代价
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if i < 0 || j < 0 {
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return i32::MAX;
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}
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// 若已有记录,则直接返回
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if mem[i as usize][j as usize] != -1 {
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return mem[i as usize][j as usize];
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}
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// 左边和上边单元格的最小路径代价
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let left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);
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let up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);
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// 记录并返回左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路径代价
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mem[i as usize][j as usize] = std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize];
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mem[i as usize][j as usize]
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}
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```
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引入记忆化后,所有子问题的解只需计算一次,因此时间复杂度取决于状态总数,即网格尺寸 $O(nm)$ 。
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@@ -721,6 +768,33 @@ $$
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[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="min_path_sum.rs"
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/* 最小路径和:动态规划 */
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fn min_path_sum_dp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {
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let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());
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// 初始化 dp 表
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let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m]; n];
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dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];
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// 状态转移:首行
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];
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}
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// 状态转移:首列
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for i in 1..n {
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dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行列
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for i in 1..n {
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];
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}
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}
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dp[n - 1][m - 1]
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}
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```
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下图展示了最小路径和的状态转移过程,其遍历了整个网格,**因此时间复杂度为 $O(nm)$** 。
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数组 `dp` 大小为 $n \times m$ ,**因此空间复杂度为 $O(nm)$** 。
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@@ -969,3 +1043,29 @@ $$
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```dart title="min_path_sum.dart"
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[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="min_path_sum.rs"
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/* 最小路径和:状态压缩后的动态规划 */
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fn min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {
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let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());
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// 初始化 dp 表
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let mut dp = vec![0; m];
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// 状态转移:首行
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dp[0] = grid[0][0];
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行
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for i in 1..n {
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// 状态转移:首列
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dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];
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// 状态转移:其余列
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for j in 1..m {
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dp[j] = std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];
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}
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}
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dp[m - 1]
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}
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```
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