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@@ -3758,7 +3758,7 @@
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># 初始化陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1"># [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -3847,8 +3847,8 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="c1">// 初始化陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4012,11 +4012,11 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="c1">// 隨機訪問元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在區間 [0, nums.len) 中隨機抽取一個整數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">intRangeLessThan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">crypto</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">intRangeLessThan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 獲取並返回隨機元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
@@ -4584,19 +4584,27 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-69-1" name="__codelineno-69-1" href="#__codelineno-69-1"></a><span class="c1">// 走訪陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 透過索引走訪陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 直接走訪陣列元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-11" name="__codelineno-69-11" href="#__codelineno-69-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-12" name="__codelineno-69-12" href="#__codelineno-69-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-13" name="__codelineno-69-13" href="#__codelineno-69-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-14" name="__codelineno-69-14" href="#__codelineno-69-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 透過索引走訪陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-69-11" name="__codelineno-69-11" href="#__codelineno-69-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 直接走訪陣列元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-12" name="__codelineno-69-12" href="#__codelineno-69-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-13" name="__codelineno-69-13" href="#__codelineno-69-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-14" name="__codelineno-69-14" href="#__codelineno-69-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-15" name="__codelineno-69-15" href="#__codelineno-69-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-16" name="__codelineno-69-16" href="#__codelineno-69-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-69-17" name="__codelineno-69-17" href="#__codelineno-69-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 同時走訪資料索引和元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-18" name="__codelineno-69-18" href="#__codelineno-69-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">..)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-19" name="__codelineno-69-19" href="#__codelineno-69-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-20" name="__codelineno-69-20" href="#__codelineno-69-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-21" name="__codelineno-69-21" href="#__codelineno-69-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-22" name="__codelineno-69-22" href="#__codelineno-69-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4973,15 +4981,17 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-97-1" name="__codelineno-97-1" href="#__codelineno-97-1"></a><span class="c1">// 擴展陣列長度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-2" name="__codelineno-97-2" href="#__codelineno-97-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-2" name="__codelineno-97-2" href="#__codelineno-97-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-3" name="__codelineno-97-3" href="#__codelineno-97-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化一個擴展長度後的陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-4" name="__codelineno-97-4" href="#__codelineno-97-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-4" name="__codelineno-97-4" href="#__codelineno-97-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-5" name="__codelineno-97-5" href="#__codelineno-97-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將原陣列中的所有元素複製到新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回擴展後的新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將原陣列中的所有元素複製到新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copyForwards</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回擴展後的新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-11" name="__codelineno-97-11" href="#__codelineno-97-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-12" name="__codelineno-97-12" href="#__codelineno-97-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
zh-hant/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/index.html
+25 -23
View File
@@ -4258,10 +4258,10 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linked_list.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="c1">// 在鏈結串列的節點 n0 之後插入節點 P</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
@@ -4444,13 +4444,12 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linked_list.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-55-1" name="__codelineno-55-1" href="#__codelineno-55-1"></a><span class="c1">// 刪除鏈結串列的節點 n0 之後的首個節點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-2" name="__codelineno-55-2" href="#__codelineno-55-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-3" name="__codelineno-55-3" href="#__codelineno-55-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-2" name="__codelineno-55-2" href="#__codelineno-55-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-3" name="__codelineno-55-3" href="#__codelineno-55-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1 =&gt; n0 -&gt; n1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n0</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4635,15 +4634,18 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linked_list.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-69-1" name="__codelineno-69-1" href="#__codelineno-69-1"></a><span class="c1">// 訪問鏈結串列中索引為 index 的節點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-11" name="__codelineno-69-11" href="#__codelineno-69-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-12" name="__codelineno-69-12" href="#__codelineno-69-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-13" name="__codelineno-69-13" href="#__codelineno-69-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4850,12 +4852,12 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linked_list.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-83-1" name="__codelineno-83-1" href="#__codelineno-83-1"></a><span class="c1">// 在鏈結串列中查詢值為 target 的首個節點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-2" name="__codelineno-83-2" href="#__codelineno-83-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-3" name="__codelineno-83-3" href="#__codelineno-83-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-2" name="__codelineno-83-2" href="#__codelineno-83-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-3" name="__codelineno-83-3" href="#__codelineno-83-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?*</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-4" name="__codelineno-83-4" href="#__codelineno-83-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-5" name="__codelineno-83-5" href="#__codelineno-83-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-6" name="__codelineno-83-6" href="#__codelineno-83-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-7" name="__codelineno-83-7" href="#__codelineno-83-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-5" name="__codelineno-83-5" href="#__codelineno-83-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-6" name="__codelineno-83-6" href="#__codelineno-83-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-7" name="__codelineno-83-7" href="#__codelineno-83-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-8" name="__codelineno-83-8" href="#__codelineno-83-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-9" name="__codelineno-83-9" href="#__codelineno-83-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-83-10" name="__codelineno-83-10" href="#__codelineno-83-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
zh-hant/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html
+148 -112
View File
@@ -5890,121 +5890,157 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_list.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-97-1" name="__codelineno-97-1" href="#__codelineno-97-1"></a><span class="c1">// 串列類別</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-2" name="__codelineno-97-2" href="#__codelineno-97-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MyList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-3" name="__codelineno-97-3" href="#__codelineno-97-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-4" name="__codelineno-97-4" href="#__codelineno-97-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@This</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-5" name="__codelineno-97-5" href="#__codelineno-97-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 陣列（儲存串列元素）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arrCapacity</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 串列容量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">numSize</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 串列長度（當前元素數量）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 每次串列擴容的倍數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ArenaAllocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-11" name="__codelineno-97-11" href="#__codelineno-97-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 記憶體分配器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-12" name="__codelineno-97-12" href="#__codelineno-97-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-13" name="__codelineno-97-13" href="#__codelineno-97-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建構子（分配記憶體+初始化串列）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-14" name="__codelineno-97-14" href="#__codelineno-97-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-15" name="__codelineno-97-15" href="#__codelineno-97-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-16" name="__codelineno-97-16" href="#__codelineno-97-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ArenaAllocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-17" name="__codelineno-97-17" href="#__codelineno-97-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-18" name="__codelineno-97-18" href="#__codelineno-97-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-19" name="__codelineno-97-19" href="#__codelineno-97-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arrCapacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-20" name="__codelineno-97-20" href="#__codelineno-97-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-21" name="__codelineno-97-21" href="#__codelineno-97-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-22" name="__codelineno-97-22" href="#__codelineno-97-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-23" name="__codelineno-97-23" href="#__codelineno-97-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 析構函式（釋放記憶體）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-24" name="__codelineno-97-24" href="#__codelineno-97-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deinit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-25" name="__codelineno-97-25" href="#__codelineno-97-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-26" name="__codelineno-97-26" href="#__codelineno-97-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_arena</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deinit</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-27" name="__codelineno-97-27" href="#__codelineno-97-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-28" name="__codelineno-97-28" href="#__codelineno-97-28"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-29" name="__codelineno-97-29" href="#__codelineno-97-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 獲取串列長度（當前元素數量）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-30" name="__codelineno-97-30" href="#__codelineno-97-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-31" name="__codelineno-97-31" href="#__codelineno-97-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">numSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-32" name="__codelineno-97-32" href="#__codelineno-97-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-33" name="__codelineno-97-33" href="#__codelineno-97-33"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-34" name="__codelineno-97-34" href="#__codelineno-97-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 獲取串列容量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-35" name="__codelineno-97-35" href="#__codelineno-97-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-36" name="__codelineno-97-36" href="#__codelineno-97-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arrCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-37" name="__codelineno-97-37" href="#__codelineno-97-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-38" name="__codelineno-97-38" href="#__codelineno-97-38"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-39" name="__codelineno-97-39" href="#__codelineno-97-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 訪問元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-40" name="__codelineno-97-40" href="#__codelineno-97-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-41" name="__codelineno-97-41" href="#__codelineno-97-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-42" name="__codelineno-97-42" href="#__codelineno-97-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-43" name="__codelineno-97-43" href="#__codelineno-97-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-44" name="__codelineno-97-44" href="#__codelineno-97-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-45" name="__codelineno-97-45" href="#__codelineno-97-45"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-46" name="__codelineno-97-46" href="#__codelineno-97-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-47" name="__codelineno-97-47" href="#__codelineno-97-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-48" name="__codelineno-97-48" href="#__codelineno-97-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-49" name="__codelineno-97-49" href="#__codelineno-97-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-50" name="__codelineno-97-50" href="#__codelineno-97-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-51" name="__codelineno-97-51" href="#__codelineno-97-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-52" name="__codelineno-97-52" href="#__codelineno-97-52"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-53" name="__codelineno-97-53" href="#__codelineno-97-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在尾部新增元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-54" name="__codelineno-97-54" href="#__codelineno-97-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-55" name="__codelineno-97-55" href="#__codelineno-97-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-56" name="__codelineno-97-56" href="#__codelineno-97-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extendCapacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-57" name="__codelineno-97-57" href="#__codelineno-97-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-58" name="__codelineno-97-58" href="#__codelineno-97-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-59" name="__codelineno-97-59" href="#__codelineno-97-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">numSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-60" name="__codelineno-97-60" href="#__codelineno-97-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-61" name="__codelineno-97-61" href="#__codelineno-97-61"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-62" name="__codelineno-97-62" href="#__codelineno-97-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在中間插入元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-63" name="__codelineno-97-63" href="#__codelineno-97-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-64" name="__codelineno-97-64" href="#__codelineno-97-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-65" name="__codelineno-97-65" href="#__codelineno-97-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-66" name="__codelineno-97-66" href="#__codelineno-97-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extendCapacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-67" name="__codelineno-97-67" href="#__codelineno-97-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 以及之後的元素都向後移動一位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-68" name="__codelineno-97-68" href="#__codelineno-97-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-69" name="__codelineno-97-69" href="#__codelineno-97-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-70" name="__codelineno-97-70" href="#__codelineno-97-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-71" name="__codelineno-97-71" href="#__codelineno-97-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-72" name="__codelineno-97-72" href="#__codelineno-97-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-73" name="__codelineno-97-73" href="#__codelineno-97-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-74" name="__codelineno-97-74" href="#__codelineno-97-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">numSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-75" name="__codelineno-97-75" href="#__codelineno-97-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-76" name="__codelineno-97-76" href="#__codelineno-97-76"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-77" name="__codelineno-97-77" href="#__codelineno-97-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 刪除元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-78" name="__codelineno-97-78" href="#__codelineno-97-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-79" name="__codelineno-97-79" href="#__codelineno-97-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-80" name="__codelineno-97-80" href="#__codelineno-97-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-81" name="__codelineno-97-81" href="#__codelineno-97-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 之後的元素都向前移動一位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-82" name="__codelineno-97-82" href="#__codelineno-97-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-83" name="__codelineno-97-83" href="#__codelineno-97-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-84" name="__codelineno-97-84" href="#__codelineno-97-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-85" name="__codelineno-97-85" href="#__codelineno-97-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-86" name="__codelineno-97-86" href="#__codelineno-97-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-87" name="__codelineno-97-87" href="#__codelineno-97-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">numSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-88" name="__codelineno-97-88" href="#__codelineno-97-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回被刪除的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-89" name="__codelineno-97-89" href="#__codelineno-97-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-90" name="__codelineno-97-90" href="#__codelineno-97-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-91" name="__codelineno-97-91" href="#__codelineno-97-91"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-92" name="__codelineno-97-92" href="#__codelineno-97-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 串列擴容</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-93" name="__codelineno-97-93" href="#__codelineno-97-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extendCapacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-94" name="__codelineno-97-94" href="#__codelineno-97-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 新建一個長度為 size * extendRatio 的陣列，並將原陣列複製到新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-95" name="__codelineno-97-95" href="#__codelineno-97-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extendRatio</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-96" name="__codelineno-97-96" href="#__codelineno-97-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newCapacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-97" name="__codelineno-97-97" href="#__codelineno-97-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-98" name="__codelineno-97-98" href="#__codelineno-97-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將原陣列中的所有元素複製到新陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-99" name="__codelineno-97-99" href="#__codelineno-97-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-100" name="__codelineno-97-100" href="#__codelineno-97-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-101" name="__codelineno-97-101" href="#__codelineno-97-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新串列容量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-102" name="__codelineno-97-102" href="#__codelineno-97-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arrCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-103" name="__codelineno-97-103" href="#__codelineno-97-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-2" name="__codelineno-97-2" href="#__codelineno-97-2"></a><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MyList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-3" name="__codelineno-97-3" href="#__codelineno-97-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@This</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-4" name="__codelineno-97-4" href="#__codelineno-97-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-5" name="__codelineno-97-5" href="#__codelineno-97-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">items</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 陣列（儲存串列元素）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 串列容量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 記憶體分配器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 每次串列擴容的倍數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-11" name="__codelineno-97-11" href="#__codelineno-97-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 建構子（分配記憶體+初始化串列）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-12" name="__codelineno-97-12" href="#__codelineno-97-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-13" name="__codelineno-97-13" href="#__codelineno-97-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-14" name="__codelineno-97-14" href="#__codelineno-97-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{},</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-15" name="__codelineno-97-15" href="#__codelineno-97-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-16" name="__codelineno-97-16" href="#__codelineno-97-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-17" name="__codelineno-97-17" href="#__codelineno-97-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-18" name="__codelineno-97-18" href="#__codelineno-97-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-19" name="__codelineno-97-19" href="#__codelineno-97-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-20" name="__codelineno-97-20" href="#__codelineno-97-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 析構函式（釋放記憶體）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-21" name="__codelineno-97-21" href="#__codelineno-97-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deinit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-22" name="__codelineno-97-22" href="#__codelineno-97-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocatedSlice</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-23" name="__codelineno-97-23" href="#__codelineno-97-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-24" name="__codelineno-97-24" href="#__codelineno-97-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-25" name="__codelineno-97-25" href="#__codelineno-97-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在尾部新增元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-26" name="__codelineno-97-26" href="#__codelineno-97-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-27" name="__codelineno-97-27" href="#__codelineno-97-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-28" name="__codelineno-97-28" href="#__codelineno-97-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newlen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-29" name="__codelineno-97-29" href="#__codelineno-97-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ensureTotalCapacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newlen</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-30" name="__codelineno-97-30" href="#__codelineno-97-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-31" name="__codelineno-97-31" href="#__codelineno-97-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-32" name="__codelineno-97-32" href="#__codelineno-97-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-33" name="__codelineno-97-33" href="#__codelineno-97-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_item_ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-34" name="__codelineno-97-34" href="#__codelineno-97-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_item_ptr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-35" name="__codelineno-97-35" href="#__codelineno-97-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-36" name="__codelineno-97-36" href="#__codelineno-97-36"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-37" name="__codelineno-97-37" href="#__codelineno-97-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 獲取串列長度（當前元素數量）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-38" name="__codelineno-97-38" href="#__codelineno-97-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-39" name="__codelineno-97-39" href="#__codelineno-97-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-40" name="__codelineno-97-40" href="#__codelineno-97-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-41" name="__codelineno-97-41" href="#__codelineno-97-41"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-42" name="__codelineno-97-42" href="#__codelineno-97-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 獲取串列容量</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-43" name="__codelineno-97-43" href="#__codelineno-97-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">getCapacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-44" name="__codelineno-97-44" href="#__codelineno-97-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-45" name="__codelineno-97-45" href="#__codelineno-97-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-46" name="__codelineno-97-46" href="#__codelineno-97-46"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-47" name="__codelineno-97-47" href="#__codelineno-97-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 訪問元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-48" name="__codelineno-97-48" href="#__codelineno-97-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-49" name="__codelineno-97-49" href="#__codelineno-97-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-50" name="__codelineno-97-50" href="#__codelineno-97-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-51" name="__codelineno-97-51" href="#__codelineno-97-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-52" name="__codelineno-97-52" href="#__codelineno-97-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-53" name="__codelineno-97-53" href="#__codelineno-97-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-54" name="__codelineno-97-54" href="#__codelineno-97-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-55" name="__codelineno-97-55" href="#__codelineno-97-55"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-56" name="__codelineno-97-56" href="#__codelineno-97-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-57" name="__codelineno-97-57" href="#__codelineno-97-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-58" name="__codelineno-97-58" href="#__codelineno-97-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-59" name="__codelineno-97-59" href="#__codelineno-97-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-60" name="__codelineno-97-60" href="#__codelineno-97-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-61" name="__codelineno-97-61" href="#__codelineno-97-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-62" name="__codelineno-97-62" href="#__codelineno-97-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-63" name="__codelineno-97-63" href="#__codelineno-97-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-64" name="__codelineno-97-64" href="#__codelineno-97-64"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-65" name="__codelineno-97-65" href="#__codelineno-97-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在中間插入元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-66" name="__codelineno-97-66" href="#__codelineno-97-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-67" name="__codelineno-97-67" href="#__codelineno-97-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-68" name="__codelineno-97-68" href="#__codelineno-97-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-69" name="__codelineno-97-69" href="#__codelineno-97-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-70" name="__codelineno-97-70" href="#__codelineno-97-70"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-71" name="__codelineno-97-71" href="#__codelineno-97-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-72" name="__codelineno-97-72" href="#__codelineno-97-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newlen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-73" name="__codelineno-97-73" href="#__codelineno-97-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ensureTotalCapacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">newlen</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-74" name="__codelineno-97-74" href="#__codelineno-97-74"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-75" name="__codelineno-97-75" href="#__codelineno-97-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 以及之後的元素都向後移動一位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-76" name="__codelineno-97-76" href="#__codelineno-97-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-77" name="__codelineno-97-77" href="#__codelineno-97-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-78" name="__codelineno-97-78" href="#__codelineno-97-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-79" name="__codelineno-97-79" href="#__codelineno-97-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-80" name="__codelineno-97-80" href="#__codelineno-97-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-81" name="__codelineno-97-81" href="#__codelineno-97-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-82" name="__codelineno-97-82" href="#__codelineno-97-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-83" name="__codelineno-97-83" href="#__codelineno-97-83"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-84" name="__codelineno-97-84" href="#__codelineno-97-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 刪除元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-85" name="__codelineno-97-85" href="#__codelineno-97-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-86" name="__codelineno-97-86" href="#__codelineno-97-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">or</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getSize</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-87" name="__codelineno-97-87" href="#__codelineno-97-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;索引越界&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-88" name="__codelineno-97-88" href="#__codelineno-97-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-89" name="__codelineno-97-89" href="#__codelineno-97-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 之後的元素都向前移動一位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-90" name="__codelineno-97-90" href="#__codelineno-97-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-91" name="__codelineno-97-91" href="#__codelineno-97-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-92" name="__codelineno-97-92" href="#__codelineno-97-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-93" name="__codelineno-97-93" href="#__codelineno-97-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-94" name="__codelineno-97-94" href="#__codelineno-97-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-95" name="__codelineno-97-95" href="#__codelineno-97-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-96" name="__codelineno-97-96" href="#__codelineno-97-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回被刪除的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-97" name="__codelineno-97-97" href="#__codelineno-97-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-98" name="__codelineno-97-98" href="#__codelineno-97-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-99" name="__codelineno-97-99" href="#__codelineno-97-99"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-100" name="__codelineno-97-100" href="#__codelineno-97-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將串列轉換為陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-101" name="__codelineno-97-101" href="#__codelineno-97-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toArraySlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-102" name="__codelineno-97-102" href="#__codelineno-97-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">toOwnedSlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-103" name="__codelineno-97-103" href="#__codelineno-97-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-104" name="__codelineno-97-104" href="#__codelineno-97-104"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-105" name="__codelineno-97-105" href="#__codelineno-97-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將串列轉換為陣列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-106" name="__codelineno-97-106" href="#__codelineno-97-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-107" name="__codelineno-97-107" href="#__codelineno-97-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 僅轉換有效長度範圍內的串列元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-108" name="__codelineno-97-108" href="#__codelineno-97-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-109" name="__codelineno-97-109" href="#__codelineno-97-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-110" name="__codelineno-97-110" href="#__codelineno-97-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">..)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|*</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-111" name="__codelineno-97-111" href="#__codelineno-97-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-105" name="__codelineno-97-105" href="#__codelineno-97-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回新的切片並設定是否要重置或清空串列容器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-106" name="__codelineno-97-106" href="#__codelineno-97-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toOwnedSlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-107" name="__codelineno-97-107" href="#__codelineno-97-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-108" name="__codelineno-97-108" href="#__codelineno-97-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocatedSlice</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-109" name="__codelineno-97-109" href="#__codelineno-97-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_memory</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">new_items</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-110" name="__codelineno-97-110" href="#__codelineno-97-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-111" name="__codelineno-97-111" href="#__codelineno-97-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-112" name="__codelineno-97-112" href="#__codelineno-97-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-113" name="__codelineno-97-113" href="#__codelineno-97-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-113" name="__codelineno-97-113" href="#__codelineno-97-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_items</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-114" name="__codelineno-97-114" href="#__codelineno-97-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-115" name="__codelineno-97-115" href="#__codelineno-97-115"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-116" name="__codelineno-97-116" href="#__codelineno-97-116"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-115" name="__codelineno-97-115" href="#__codelineno-97-115"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-116" name="__codelineno-97-116" href="#__codelineno-97-116"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-117" name="__codelineno-97-117" href="#__codelineno-97-117"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-118" name="__codelineno-97-118" href="#__codelineno-97-118"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-119" name="__codelineno-97-119" href="#__codelineno-97-119"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clearAndFree</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-120" name="__codelineno-97-120" href="#__codelineno-97-120"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-121" name="__codelineno-97-121" href="#__codelineno-97-121"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-122" name="__codelineno-97-122" href="#__codelineno-97-122"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-123" name="__codelineno-97-123" href="#__codelineno-97-123"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-124" name="__codelineno-97-124" href="#__codelineno-97-124"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 串列擴容</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-125" name="__codelineno-97-125" href="#__codelineno-97-125"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ensureTotalCapacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-126" name="__codelineno-97-126" href="#__codelineno-97-126"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-127" name="__codelineno-97-127" href="#__codelineno-97-127"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capcacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-128" name="__codelineno-97-128" href="#__codelineno-97-128"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">better_capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capcacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-129" name="__codelineno-97-129" href="#__codelineno-97-129"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-130" name="__codelineno-97-130" href="#__codelineno-97-130"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocatedSlice</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-131" name="__codelineno-97-131" href="#__codelineno-97-131"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_memory</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">better_capacity</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-132" name="__codelineno-97-132" href="#__codelineno-97-132"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-133" name="__codelineno-97-133" href="#__codelineno-97-133"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-134" name="__codelineno-97-134" href="#__codelineno-97-134"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-135" name="__codelineno-97-135" href="#__codelineno-97-135"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">alloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">better_capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-136" name="__codelineno-97-136" href="#__codelineno-97-136"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@memcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-137" name="__codelineno-97-137" href="#__codelineno-97-137"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_memory</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-138" name="__codelineno-97-138" href="#__codelineno-97-138"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-139" name="__codelineno-97-139" href="#__codelineno-97-139"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_memory</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-140" name="__codelineno-97-140" href="#__codelineno-97-140"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-141" name="__codelineno-97-141" href="#__codelineno-97-141"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-142" name="__codelineno-97-142" href="#__codelineno-97-142"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-143" name="__codelineno-97-143" href="#__codelineno-97-143"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">clearAndFree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-144" name="__codelineno-97-144" href="#__codelineno-97-144"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">allocatedSlice</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-145" name="__codelineno-97-145" href="#__codelineno-97-145"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-146" name="__codelineno-97-146" href="#__codelineno-97-146"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-147" name="__codelineno-97-147" href="#__codelineno-97-147"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-148" name="__codelineno-97-148" href="#__codelineno-97-148"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-97-149" name="__codelineno-97-149" href="#__codelineno-97-149"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocatedSlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-150" name="__codelineno-97-150" href="#__codelineno-97-150"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-151" name="__codelineno-97-151" href="#__codelineno-97-151"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-152" name="__codelineno-97-152" href="#__codelineno-97-152"></a><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
zh-hant/chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/index.html
+22 -22
View File
@@ -3909,11 +3909,11 @@
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈求和 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4124,12 +4124,11 @@
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化條件變數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈求和 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4359,14 +4358,15 @@
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化條件變數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈求和 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-8" name="__codelineno-41-8" href="#__codelineno-41-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新條件變數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-9" name="__codelineno-41-9" href="#__codelineno-41-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-10" name="__codelineno-41-10" href="#__codelineno-41-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-11" name="__codelineno-41-11" href="#__codelineno-41-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-12" name="__codelineno-41-12" href="#__codelineno-41-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-13" name="__codelineno-41-13" href="#__codelineno-41-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">({</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新條件變數</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-8" name="__codelineno-41-8" href="#__codelineno-41-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-9" name="__codelineno-41-9" href="#__codelineno-41-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-10" name="__codelineno-41-10" href="#__codelineno-41-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-11" name="__codelineno-41-11" href="#__codelineno-41-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-12" name="__codelineno-41-12" href="#__codelineno-41-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-13" name="__codelineno-41-13" href="#__codelineno-41-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-14" name="__codelineno-41-14" href="#__codelineno-41-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -4586,11 +4586,11 @@
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">defer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deinit</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈 i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈 j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">bufPrint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;({d}, {d}), &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">appendSlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_str</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">bufPrint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;({d}, {d}), &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">appendSlice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-12" name="__codelineno-55-12" href="#__codelineno-55-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-13" name="__codelineno-55-13" href="#__codelineno-55-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-14" name="__codelineno-55-14" href="#__codelineno-55-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">toOwnedSlice</span><span class="p">();</span>
@@ -4800,7 +4800,7 @@
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遞：遞迴呼叫</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴：返回結果</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-11" name="__codelineno-69-11" href="#__codelineno-69-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
@@ -5209,7 +5209,7 @@
<a id="__codelineno-97-5" name="__codelineno-97-5" href="#__codelineno-97-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回結果 f(n)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-97-11" name="__codelineno-97-11" href="#__codelineno-97-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
zh-hant/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/index.html
+2 -2
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@@ -3608,10 +3608,10 @@
<p>另一方面，<strong>展開完整測試非常耗費資源</strong>。隨著輸入資料量的變化，演算法會表現出不同的效率。例如，在輸入資料量較小時，演算法 <code>A</code> 的執行時間比演算法 <code>B</code> 短；而在輸入資料量較大時，測試結果可能恰恰相反。因此，為了得到有說服力的結論，我們需要測試各種規模的輸入資料，而這需要耗費大量的計算資源。</p>
<h2 id="212">2.1.2 &nbsp; 理論估算<a class="headerlink" href="#212" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>由於實際測試具有較大的侷限性，我們可以考慮僅透過一些計算來評估演算法的效率。這種估算方法被稱為<u>漸近複雜度分析（asymptotic complexity analysis）</u>，簡稱<u>複雜度分析</u>。</p>
<p>複雜度分析能夠體現演算法執行所需的時間和空間資源與輸入資料大小之間的關係。<strong>它描述了隨著輸入資料大小的增加，演算法執行所需時間和空間的增長趨勢</strong>。這個定義有些拗口，我們可以將其分為三個重點來理解。</p>
<p>複雜度分析能夠體現演算法執行所需的時間和空間資源與輸入資料規模之間的關係。<strong>它描述了隨著輸入資料規模的增加，演算法執行所需時間和空間的增長趨勢</strong>。這個定義有些拗口，我們可以將其分為三個重點來理解。</p>
<ul>
<li>“時間和空間資源”分別對應<u>時間複雜度（time complexity）</u>和<u>空間複雜度（space complexity）</u>。</li>
<li>“隨著輸入資料大小的增加”意味著複雜度反映了演算法執行效率與輸入資料體量之間的關係。</li>
<li>“隨著輸入資料規模的增加”意味著複雜度反映了演算法執行效率與輸入資料規模之間的關係。</li>
<li>“時間和空間的增長趨勢”表示複雜度分析關注的不是執行時間或佔用空間的具體值，而是時間或空間增長的“快慢”。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>複雜度分析克服了實際測試方法的弊端</strong>，體現在以下幾個方面。</p>
zh-hant/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/index.html
+11 -11
View File
@@ -4817,13 +4817,13 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">constant</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 常數、變數、物件佔用 O(1) 空間</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-12" name="__codelineno-55-12" href="#__codelineno-55-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-13" name="__codelineno-55-13" href="#__codelineno-55-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">){.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-12" name="__codelineno-55-12" href="#__codelineno-55-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-13" name="__codelineno-55-13" href="#__codelineno-55-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">){</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-14" name="__codelineno-55-14" href="#__codelineno-55-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-15" name="__codelineno-55-15" href="#__codelineno-55-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈中的變數佔用 O(1) 空間</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-16" name="__codelineno-55-16" href="#__codelineno-55-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-17" name="__codelineno-55-17" href="#__codelineno-55-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-17" name="__codelineno-55-17" href="#__codelineno-55-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-18" name="__codelineno-55-18" href="#__codelineno-55-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-19" name="__codelineno-55-19" href="#__codelineno-55-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-20" name="__codelineno-55-20" href="#__codelineno-55-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 迴圈中的函式佔用 O(1) 空間</span>
@@ -5096,7 +5096,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-69-1" name="__codelineno-69-1" href="#__codelineno-69-1"></a><span class="c1">// 線性階</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 長度為 n 的陣列佔用 O(n) 空間</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 長度為 n 的串列佔用 O(n) 空間</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">page_allocator</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">defer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nodes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deinit</span><span class="p">();</span>
@@ -5652,8 +5652,8 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-111-1" name="__codelineno-111-1" href="#__codelineno-111-1"></a><span class="c1">// 平方階（遞迴實現）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-2" name="__codelineno-111-2" href="#__codelineno-111-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quadraticRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">comptime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-3" name="__codelineno-111-3" href="#__codelineno-111-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-4" name="__codelineno-111-4" href="#__codelineno-111-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-5" name="__codelineno-111-5" href="#__codelineno-111-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;遞迴 n = {} 中的 nums 長度 = {}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.{</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-4" name="__codelineno-111-4" href="#__codelineno-111-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">**</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-5" name="__codelineno-111-5" href="#__codelineno-111-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;遞迴 n = {} 中的 nums 長度 = {}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-6" name="__codelineno-111-6" href="#__codelineno-111-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">quadraticRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-111-7" name="__codelineno-111-7" href="#__codelineno-111-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
@@ -5829,12 +5829,12 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-125-1" name="__codelineno-125-1" href="#__codelineno-125-1"></a><span class="c1">// 指數階（建立滿二元樹）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-2" name="__codelineno-125-2" href="#__codelineno-125-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!?*</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-2" name="__codelineno-125-2" href="#__codelineno-125-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!?*</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-3" name="__codelineno-125-3" href="#__codelineno-125-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-4" name="__codelineno-125-4" href="#__codelineno-125-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-4" name="__codelineno-125-4" href="#__codelineno-125-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-5" name="__codelineno-125-5" href="#__codelineno-125-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-6" name="__codelineno-125-6" href="#__codelineno-125-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-7" name="__codelineno-125-7" href="#__codelineno-125-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem_allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-6" name="__codelineno-125-6" href="#__codelineno-125-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-7" name="__codelineno-125-7" href="#__codelineno-125-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">try</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buildTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">allocator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-8" name="__codelineno-125-8" href="#__codelineno-125-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-9" name="__codelineno-125-9" href="#__codelineno-125-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
zh-hant/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/index.html
+12 -14
View File
@@ -4964,7 +4964,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="n">_000</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">;</span>
@@ -5799,7 +5799,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-125-1" name="__codelineno-125-1" href="#__codelineno-125-1"></a><span class="c1">// 平方階（泡沫排序）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-2" name="__codelineno-125-2" href="#__codelineno-125-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bubbleSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-3" name="__codelineno-125-3" href="#__codelineno-125-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 計數器 </span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-3" name="__codelineno-125-3" href="#__codelineno-125-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 計數器</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-4" name="__codelineno-125-4" href="#__codelineno-125-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外迴圈：未排序區間為 [0, i]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-5" name="__codelineno-125-5" href="#__codelineno-125-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@as</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@intCast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-6" name="__codelineno-125-6" href="#__codelineno-125-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
@@ -5808,10 +5808,10 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<a id="__codelineno-125-9" name="__codelineno-125-9" href="#__codelineno-125-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-10" name="__codelineno-125-10" href="#__codelineno-125-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-11" name="__codelineno-125-11" href="#__codelineno-125-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-12" name="__codelineno-125-12" href="#__codelineno-125-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-12" name="__codelineno-125-12" href="#__codelineno-125-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-13" name="__codelineno-125-13" href="#__codelineno-125-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-14" name="__codelineno-125-14" href="#__codelineno-125-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-15" name="__codelineno-125-15" href="#__codelineno-125-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-15" name="__codelineno-125-15" href="#__codelineno-125-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-16" name="__codelineno-125-16" href="#__codelineno-125-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-17" name="__codelineno-125-17" href="#__codelineno-125-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-125-18" name="__codelineno-125-18" href="#__codelineno-125-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
@@ -6373,14 +6373,12 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-167-1" name="__codelineno-167-1" href="#__codelineno-167-1"></a><span class="c1">// 對數階（迴圈實現）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-2" name="__codelineno-167-2" href="#__codelineno-167-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logarithmic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-3" name="__codelineno-167-3" href="#__codelineno-167-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-4" name="__codelineno-167-4" href="#__codelineno-167-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-5" name="__codelineno-167-5" href="#__codelineno-167-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-6" name="__codelineno-167-6" href="#__codelineno-167-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-7" name="__codelineno-167-7" href="#__codelineno-167-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-8" name="__codelineno-167-8" href="#__codelineno-167-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-9" name="__codelineno-167-9" href="#__codelineno-167-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-10" name="__codelineno-167-10" href="#__codelineno-167-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-11" name="__codelineno-167-11" href="#__codelineno-167-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-4" name="__codelineno-167-4" href="#__codelineno-167-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-5" name="__codelineno-167-5" href="#__codelineno-167-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">@divTrunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_var</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-6" name="__codelineno-167-6" href="#__codelineno-167-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-7" name="__codelineno-167-7" href="#__codelineno-167-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-8" name="__codelineno-167-8" href="#__codelineno-167-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-167-9" name="__codelineno-167-9" href="#__codelineno-167-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -6514,7 +6512,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-181-1" name="__codelineno-181-1" href="#__codelineno-181-1"></a><span class="c1">// 對數階（遞迴實現）</span>
<a id="__codelineno-181-2" name="__codelineno-181-2" href="#__codelineno-181-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-181-3" name="__codelineno-181-3" href="#__codelineno-181-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-181-4" name="__codelineno-181-4" href="#__codelineno-181-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-181-4" name="__codelineno-181-4" href="#__codelineno-181-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">logRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">@divTrunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-181-5" name="__codelineno-181-5" href="#__codelineno-181-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
@@ -6709,7 +6707,7 @@ O(\log_m n) = O(\log_k n / \log_k m) = O(\log_k n)
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">time_complexity.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-195-1" name="__codelineno-195-1" href="#__codelineno-195-1"></a><span class="c1">// 線性對數階</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-2" name="__codelineno-195-2" href="#__codelineno-195-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linearLogRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-3" name="__codelineno-195-3" href="#__codelineno-195-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-4" name="__codelineno-195-4" href="#__codelineno-195-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linearLogRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linearLogRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-4" name="__codelineno-195-4" href="#__codelineno-195-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linearLogRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">@divTrunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linearLogRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">@divTrunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-5" name="__codelineno-195-5" href="#__codelineno-195-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-6" name="__codelineno-195-6" href="#__codelineno-195-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-195-7" name="__codelineno-195-7" href="#__codelineno-195-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
zh-hant/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/index.html
+1 -1
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@@ -4030,7 +4030,7 @@ dp[i, j] = \min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j]
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="暴力搜尋遞迴樹" class="animation-figure" src="../dp_solution_pipeline.assets/min_path_sum_dfs.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 圖 14-14 &nbsp; 暴力搜尋遞迴樹 </p>
<p>每個狀態都有向下和向右兩種選擇，從左上角走到右下角總共需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(m + n - 2\)</span> 步，所以最差時間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2^{m + n})\)</span> ，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 分別為網格的行數和列數。請注意，這種計算方式未考慮臨近網格邊界的情況，當到達網路邊界時只剩下一種選擇，因此實際的路徑數量會少一些。</p>
<p>每個狀態都有向下和向右兩種選擇，從左上角走到右下角總共需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(m + n - 2\)</span> 步，所以最差時間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(2^{m + n})\)</span> ，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 分別為網格的行數和列數。請注意，這種計算方式未考慮臨近網格邊界的情況，當到達網格邊界時只剩下一種選擇，因此實際的路徑數量會少一些。</p>
<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 方法二：記憶化搜尋<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>我們引入一個和網格 <code>grid</code> 相同尺寸的記憶串列 <code>mem</code> ，用於記錄各個子問題的解，並將重疊子問題進行剪枝：</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_14" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_2_14">Zig</label></div>
zh-hant/chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html
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@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接矩陣中新增一行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接矩陣中新增一列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter_mut</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
@@ -4484,7 +4484,7 @@
<a id="__codelineno-9-54" name="__codelineno-9-54" href="#__codelineno-9-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接矩陣中刪除索引 index 的行</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-55" name="__codelineno-9-55" href="#__codelineno-9-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-56" name="__codelineno-9-56" href="#__codelineno-9-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接矩陣中刪除索引 index 的列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-57" name="__codelineno-9-57" href="#__codelineno-9-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-57" name="__codelineno-9-57" href="#__codelineno-9-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter_mut</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-58" name="__codelineno-9-58" href="#__codelineno-9-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-59" name="__codelineno-9-59" href="#__codelineno-9-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-60" name="__codelineno-9-60" href="#__codelineno-9-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
@@ -5547,7 +5547,7 @@
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">graph_adjacency_list.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 基於鄰接表實現的無向圖型別 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">GraphAdjList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 鄰接表，key：頂點，value：該頂點的所有鄰接頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">HashMap</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Vertex</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">HashMap</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Vertex</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// maybe HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; for value part is better?</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">GraphAdjList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
@@ -5574,65 +5574,58 @@
<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 新增邊 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add_edge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-33" name="__codelineno-23-33" href="#__codelineno-23-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;value error&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 新增邊 vet1 - vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除邊 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#[allow(unused)]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove_edge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;value error&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 刪除邊 vet1 - vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 新增頂點 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add_vertex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-63" name="__codelineno-23-63" href="#__codelineno-23-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接表中新增一個新鏈結串列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-64" name="__codelineno-23-64" href="#__codelineno-23-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-65" name="__codelineno-23-65" href="#__codelineno-23-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-66" name="__codelineno-23-66" href="#__codelineno-23-66"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-67" name="__codelineno-23-67" href="#__codelineno-23-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除頂點 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-68" name="__codelineno-23-68" href="#__codelineno-23-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#[allow(unused)]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-69" name="__codelineno-23-69" href="#__codelineno-23-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove_vertex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;value error&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接表中刪除頂點 vet 對應的鏈結串列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪其他頂點的鏈結串列，刪除所有包含 vet 的邊</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">values_mut</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-78" name="__codelineno-23-78" href="#__codelineno-23-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-79" name="__codelineno-23-79" href="#__codelineno-23-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-80" name="__codelineno-23-80" href="#__codelineno-23-80"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-81" name="__codelineno-23-81" href="#__codelineno-23-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 列印鄰接表 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-82" name="__codelineno-23-82" href="#__codelineno-23-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-83" name="__codelineno-23-83" href="#__codelineno-23-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;鄰接表 =&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-84" name="__codelineno-23-84" href="#__codelineno-23-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-85" name="__codelineno-23-85" href="#__codelineno-23-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">collect</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-86" name="__codelineno-23-86" href="#__codelineno-23-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}: {:?},&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-87" name="__codelineno-23-87" href="#__codelineno-23-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-88" name="__codelineno-23-88" href="#__codelineno-23-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-89" name="__codelineno-23-89" href="#__codelineno-23-89"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;value error&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-33" name="__codelineno-23-33" href="#__codelineno-23-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 新增邊 vet1 - vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">or_default</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">or_default</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除邊 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#[allow(unused)]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove_edge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;value error&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 刪除邊 vet1 - vet2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">and_modify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">and_modify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet1</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 新增頂點 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add_vertex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接表中新增一個新鏈結串列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-63" name="__codelineno-23-63" href="#__codelineno-23-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除頂點 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-64" name="__codelineno-23-64" href="#__codelineno-23-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">#[allow(unused)]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-65" name="__codelineno-23-65" href="#__codelineno-23-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove_vertex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Vertex</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-66" name="__codelineno-23-66" href="#__codelineno-23-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 在鄰接表中刪除頂點 vet 對應的鏈結串列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-67" name="__codelineno-23-67" href="#__codelineno-23-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-68" name="__codelineno-23-68" href="#__codelineno-23-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪其他頂點的鏈結串列，刪除所有包含 vet 的邊</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-69" name="__codelineno-23-69" href="#__codelineno-23-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">values_mut</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">retain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|&amp;</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 列印鄰接表 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;鄰接表 =&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-78" name="__codelineno-23-78" href="#__codelineno-23-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">collect</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-79" name="__codelineno-23-79" href="#__codelineno-23-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;{}: {:?},&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vertex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-80" name="__codelineno-23-80" href="#__codelineno-23-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-81" name="__codelineno-23-81" href="#__codelineno-23-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-82" name="__codelineno-23-82" href="#__codelineno-23-82"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
zh-hant/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html
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@@ -3981,24 +3981,23 @@
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VecDeque</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start_vet</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 以頂點 vet 為起點，迴圈直至訪問完所有頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_front</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 佇列首頂點出隊</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 記錄訪問頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪該頂點的所有鄰接頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">graph</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adj_vets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 跳過已被訪問的頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 只入列未訪問的頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 標記該頂點已被訪問</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回頂點走訪序列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 記錄訪問頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪該頂點的所有鄰接頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vets</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">graph</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adj_list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">adj_vets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 跳過已被訪問的頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 只入列未訪問的頂點</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">visited</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_vet</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 標記該頂點已被訪問</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回頂點走訪序列</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
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</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>搜尋演算法的選擇還取決於資料體量、搜尋效能要求、資料查詢與更新頻率等。</p>
<p>搜尋演算法的選擇還取決規模、搜尋效能要求、資料查詢與更新頻率等。</p>
<p><strong>線性搜尋</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>通用性較好，無須任何資料預處理操作。假如我們僅需查詢一次資料，那麼其他三種方法的資料預處理的時間比線性搜尋的時間還要更長。</li>
zh-hant/chapter_searching/summary/index.html
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@@ -3520,7 +3520,7 @@
<li>二分搜尋依賴資料的有序性，透過迴圈逐步縮減一半搜尋區間來進行查詢。它要求輸入資料有序，且僅適用於陣列或基於陣列實現的資料結構。</li>
<li>暴力搜尋透過走訪資料結構來定位資料。線性搜尋適用於陣列和鏈結串列，廣度優先搜尋和深度優先搜尋適用於圖和樹。此類演算法通用性好，無須對資料進行預處理，但時間複雜度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 較高。</li>
<li>雜湊查詢、樹查詢和二分搜尋屬於高效搜尋方法，可在特定資料結構中快速定位目標元素。此類演算法效率高，時間複雜度可達 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 甚至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> ，但通常需要藉助額外資料結構。</li>
<li>實際中，我們需要對資料體量、搜尋效能要求、資料查詢和更新頻率等因素進行具體分析，從而選擇合適的搜尋方法。</li>
<li>實際中，我們需要對資料規模、搜尋效能要求、資料查詢和更新頻率等因素進行具體分析，從而選擇合適的搜尋方法。</li>
<li>線性搜尋適用於小型或頻繁更新的資料；二分搜尋適用於大型、排序的資料；雜湊查詢適用於對查詢效率要求較高且無須範圍查詢的資料；樹查詢適用於需要維護順序和支持範圍查詢的大型動態資料。</li>
<li>用雜湊查詢替換線性查詢是一種常用的最佳化執行時間的策略，可將時間複雜度從 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 降至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 。</li>
</ul>
zh-hant/javascripts/katex.js
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],
});
});
/*! update cache: 20250710072253 */
/*! update cache: 20250911035301 */
zh-hant/javascripts/mathjax.js
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document$.subscribe(() => {
MathJax.typesetPromise();
});
/*! update cache: 20250710072253 */
/*! update cache: 20250911035301 */
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