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Перед началом
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Глава 0. Предисловие
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Глава 0. Предисловие
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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0.1 Об этой книге
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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0.2 Как пользоваться этой книгой
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0.3 Резюме
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Глава 1. Знакомство с алгоритмами
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Глава 1. Знакомство с алгоритмами
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1.1 Алгоритмы повсюду
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1.2 Что такое структуры данных и алгоритмы
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1.3 Резюме
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Глава 2. Анализ сложности
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</span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Глава 2. Анализ сложности
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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2.1 Оценка эффективности алгоритмов
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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</a>
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</li>
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2.2 Итерация и рекурсия
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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2.2 Итерация и рекурсия
|
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|
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|
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</span>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Содержание">
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Содержание
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|
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<a href="#221" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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2.2.1 Итерация
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|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="2.2.1 Итерация">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#1-for" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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1. Цикл for
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#2-while" class="md-nav__link">
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2. Цикл while
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
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3. Вложенные циклы
|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#222" class="md-nav__link">
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2.2.2 Рекурсия
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</a>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="2.2.2 Рекурсия">
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1. Стек вызовов
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|
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|
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2. Хвостовая рекурсия
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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2.2.3 Сравнение двух подходов
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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2.3 Временная сложность
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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2.4 Пространственная сложность
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
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2.5 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
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</nav>
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
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Глава 3. Структуры данных
|
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|
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|
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|
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Глава 3. Структуры данных
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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|
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3.1 Классификация структур данных
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
3.2 Базовые типы данных
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
||
3.3 Кодирование чисел *
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
3.4 Кодирование символов *
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
||
3.5 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
||
Глава 4. Массив и связный список
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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Глава 4. Массив и связный список
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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4.1 Массив
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
||
4.2 Связный список
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
4.3 Список
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
||
4.4 Память и кеш *
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
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4.5 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
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|
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Глава 5. Стек и очередь
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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Глава 5. Стек и очередь
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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5.1 Стек
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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5.2 Очередь
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
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5.3 Двусторонняя очередь
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.4 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21zm-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54zM19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"/></svg>
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
||
Глава 6. Хеширование
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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|
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Глава 6. Хеширование
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 Хеш-таблица
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 Хеш-коллизии
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 Хеш-алгоритмы
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
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|
||
6.4 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1"/></svg>
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 7. Дерево
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
||
|
||
Глава 7. Дерево
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Двоичное дерево
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 Обход двоичного дерева
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 Представление дерева массивом
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 Двоичное дерево поиска
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 AVL-дерево *
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.6 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 8. Куча
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
||
|
||
Глава 8. Куча
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.1 Куча
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.2 Построение кучи
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.3 Задача Top-K
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.4 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59zM6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43s.83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53zM12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68s1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25zm2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 9. Граф
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 9. Граф
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.1 Граф
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.2 Базовые операции над графами
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.3 Обход графа
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.4 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4zM3 16v-2h6v2zm0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 10. Поиск
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 10. Поиск
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.1 Двоичный поиск
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.2 Точка вставки двоичного поиска
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.3 Граничные случаи двоичного поиска
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.4 Стратегия оптимизации через хеширование
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.5 Алгоритмы поиска: новый взгляд
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.6 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 11. Сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 11. Сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.1 Алгоритмы сортировки
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.2 Сортировка выбором
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.3 Пузырьковая сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.4 Сортировка вставкой
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.5 Быстрая сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.6 Сортировка слиянием
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.7 Пирамидальная сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.8 Блочная сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.9 Сортировка подсчетом
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.10 Поразрядная сортировка
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.11 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7zM2 9v6h5V9zm10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3zm5 2v2h5v-2zm0 4v2h5v-2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 12. Разделяй и властвуй
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
||
|
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Глава 12. Разделяй и властвуй
|
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|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.1 Алгоритмы разделяй и властвуй
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.2 Стратегия поиска разделяй и властвуй
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.3 Задача построения двоичного дерева
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.4 Задача о Ханойской башне
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.5 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
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|
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|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2zm-4-6H5v-2h2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 13. Поиск с возвратом
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 13. Поиск с возвратом
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
13.1 Алгоритм поиска с возвратом
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
13.2 Задача о перестановках
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
13.3 Задача о сумме подмножеств
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
13.4 Задача о $n$ ферзях
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
13.5 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
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|
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|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link ">
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3zm0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4zm0 2v4h4v-4zm4 10v-4H4v4zm6-12V4h-4v4zm6-4h-4v4h4z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 14. Динамическое программирование
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Глава 14. Динамическое программирование
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.1 Введение в динамическое программирование
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.2 Свойства задач динамического программирования
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.3 Подход к решению задач динамического программирования
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.4 Задача о рюкзаке 0-1
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.5 Задача о неограниченном рюкзаке
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.6 Задача о расстоянии редактирования
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.7 Резюме
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/" class="md-nav__link ">
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|
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|
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Глава 15. Жадность
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15.1 Жадный алгоритм
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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15.2 Задача о дробном рюкзаке
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<a href="../../chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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15.3 Задача о максимальной вместимости
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15.4 Задача о максимальном произведении разбиения
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15.5 Резюме
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Глава 16. Приложение
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Глава 16. Приложение
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16.1 Установка среды программирования
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16.2 Присоединяйтесь к созданию книги
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16.3 Глоссарий
|
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2.2.3 Сравнение двух подходов
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<h1 id="22">2.2 Итерация и рекурсия<a class="headerlink" href="#22" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>В алгоритмах очень часто приходится многократно выполнять одну и ту же задачу, и это тесно связано с анализом сложности. Поэтому, прежде чем переходить к временной и пространственной сложности, давай сначала разберемся, как в программах организуется повторяющееся выполнение задач, то есть с двумя базовыми управляющими структурами: итерацией и рекурсией.</p>
|
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<h2 id="221">2.2.1 Итерация<a class="headerlink" href="#221" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
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<p><u>Итерация (iteration)</u> - это управляющая структура, предназначенная для многократного выполнения некоторой задачи. При итерации программа повторно выполняет определенный фрагмент кода при соблюдении некоторого условия, пока это условие не перестанет выполняться.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="1-for">1. Цикл for<a class="headerlink" href="#1-for" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Цикл <code>for</code> - одна из самых распространенных форм итерации, <strong>она хорошо подходит в тех случаях, когда число повторений известно заранее</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>Следующая функция реализует вычисление суммы <span class="arithmatex">\(1 + 2 + \dots + n\)</span> на основе цикла <code>for</code> , а результат сохраняется в переменной <code>res</code> . Обрати внимание, что в Python <code>range(a, b)</code> соответствует "лево-замкнутому, право-открытому" интервалу, то есть перебираются значения <span class="arithmatex">\(a, a + 1, \dots, b-1\)</span> :</p>
|
||
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|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Цикл for"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..=</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="cm">File: iteration.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com), Cy (9738314@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл for ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 423px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20for_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20for%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20for_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20for%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20for_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20for%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20for_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20for%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>На рисунке 2-1 показана блок-схема этой функции суммирования.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/iteration.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Блок-схема функции суммирования" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/iteration.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-1 Блок-схема функции суммирования </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Число операций в этой функции суммирования пропорционально размеру входных данных <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> , то есть между ними существует "линейная зависимость". На самом деле <strong>временная сложность как раз и описывает такую "линейную зависимость"</strong>. Соответствующий материал будет подробно разобран в следующем разделе.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="2-while">2. Цикл while<a class="headerlink" href="#2-while" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Подобно циклу <code>for</code> , цикл <code>while</code> тоже является способом реализации итерации. В цикле <code>while</code> программа в каждом раунде сначала проверяет условие: если условие истинно, выполнение продолжается, иначе цикл завершается.</p>
|
||
<p>Ниже мы используем цикл <code>while</code> для реализации суммы <span class="arithmatex">\(1 + 2 + \dots + n\)</span> :</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Цикл while"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a> <span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">WhileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="cm">File: iteration.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com), Cy (9738314@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл for ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-9" name="__codelineno-25-9" href="#__codelineno-25-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-10" name="__codelineno-25-10" href="#__codelineno-25-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-11" name="__codelineno-25-11" href="#__codelineno-25-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-12" name="__codelineno-25-12" href="#__codelineno-25-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-13" name="__codelineno-25-13" href="#__codelineno-25-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-14" name="__codelineno-25-14" href="#__codelineno-25-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-15" name="__codelineno-25-15" href="#__codelineno-25-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-16" name="__codelineno-25-16" href="#__codelineno-25-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-17" name="__codelineno-25-17" href="#__codelineno-25-17"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-18" name="__codelineno-25-18" href="#__codelineno-25-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-19" name="__codelineno-25-19" href="#__codelineno-25-19"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл while ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-20" name="__codelineno-25-20" href="#__codelineno-25-20"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-21" name="__codelineno-25-21" href="#__codelineno-25-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-22" name="__codelineno-25-22" href="#__codelineno-25-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-23" name="__codelineno-25-23" href="#__codelineno-25-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-24" name="__codelineno-25-24" href="#__codelineno-25-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-25" name="__codelineno-25-25" href="#__codelineno-25-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-26" name="__codelineno-25-26" href="#__codelineno-25-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-27" name="__codelineno-25-27" href="#__codelineno-25-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-28" name="__codelineno-25-28" href="#__codelineno-25-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-29" name="__codelineno-25-29" href="#__codelineno-25-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-30" name="__codelineno-25-30" href="#__codelineno-25-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-31" name="__codelineno-25-31" href="#__codelineno-25-31"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 459px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20while_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20while%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20i%20%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20while%20i%20%3C%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2B%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20while_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20while%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20while_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20while%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20i%20%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20while%20i%20%3C%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2B%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20while_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20while%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>**Цикл <code>while</code> обладает большей свободой, чем цикл <code>for</code> **. В цикле <code>while</code> мы можем свободно задавать шаги инициализации и обновления условной переменной.</p>
|
||
<p>Например, в следующем коде условная переменная <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> обновляется два раза за один проход, и такой случай уже не слишком удобно выражать через цикл <code>for</code> :</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Цикл while (двойное обновление)"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a> <span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-12" name="__codelineno-27-12" href="#__codelineno-27-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-13" name="__codelineno-27-13" href="#__codelineno-27-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-7" name="__codelineno-28-7" href="#__codelineno-28-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-8" name="__codelineno-28-8" href="#__codelineno-28-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-9" name="__codelineno-28-9" href="#__codelineno-28-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-10" name="__codelineno-28-10" href="#__codelineno-28-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-11" name="__codelineno-28-11" href="#__codelineno-28-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-12" name="__codelineno-28-12" href="#__codelineno-28-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-13" name="__codelineno-28-13" href="#__codelineno-28-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">WhileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-10" name="__codelineno-29-10" href="#__codelineno-29-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-11" name="__codelineno-29-11" href="#__codelineno-29-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-12" name="__codelineno-29-12" href="#__codelineno-29-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-13" name="__codelineno-29-13" href="#__codelineno-29-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-8" name="__codelineno-30-8" href="#__codelineno-30-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-9" name="__codelineno-30-9" href="#__codelineno-30-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-10" name="__codelineno-30-10" href="#__codelineno-30-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-11" name="__codelineno-30-11" href="#__codelineno-30-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-12" name="__codelineno-30-12" href="#__codelineno-30-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-13" name="__codelineno-30-13" href="#__codelineno-30-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-14" name="__codelineno-30-14" href="#__codelineno-30-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-10" name="__codelineno-31-10" href="#__codelineno-31-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-11" name="__codelineno-31-11" href="#__codelineno-31-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-12" name="__codelineno-31-12" href="#__codelineno-31-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-13" name="__codelineno-31-13" href="#__codelineno-31-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-8" name="__codelineno-32-8" href="#__codelineno-32-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-9" name="__codelineno-32-9" href="#__codelineno-32-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-10" name="__codelineno-32-10" href="#__codelineno-32-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-11" name="__codelineno-32-11" href="#__codelineno-32-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-12" name="__codelineno-32-12" href="#__codelineno-32-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-13" name="__codelineno-32-13" href="#__codelineno-32-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-8" name="__codelineno-33-8" href="#__codelineno-33-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-9" name="__codelineno-33-9" href="#__codelineno-33-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-10" name="__codelineno-33-10" href="#__codelineno-33-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-11" name="__codelineno-33-11" href="#__codelineno-33-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-12" name="__codelineno-33-12" href="#__codelineno-33-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-13" name="__codelineno-33-13" href="#__codelineno-33-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-8" name="__codelineno-34-8" href="#__codelineno-34-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-9" name="__codelineno-34-9" href="#__codelineno-34-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-10" name="__codelineno-34-10" href="#__codelineno-34-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-11" name="__codelineno-34-11" href="#__codelineno-34-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-12" name="__codelineno-34-12" href="#__codelineno-34-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-13" name="__codelineno-34-13" href="#__codelineno-34-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10" href="#__codelineno-35-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-11" name="__codelineno-35-11" href="#__codelineno-35-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-12" name="__codelineno-35-12" href="#__codelineno-35-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-13" name="__codelineno-35-13" href="#__codelineno-35-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-14" name="__codelineno-35-14" href="#__codelineno-35-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-7" name="__codelineno-36-7" href="#__codelineno-36-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-8" name="__codelineno-36-8" href="#__codelineno-36-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-9" name="__codelineno-36-9" href="#__codelineno-36-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-10" name="__codelineno-36-10" href="#__codelineno-36-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-11" name="__codelineno-36-11" href="#__codelineno-36-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-12" name="__codelineno-36-12" href="#__codelineno-36-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-13" name="__codelineno-36-13" href="#__codelineno-36-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Цикл while (двойное обновление) */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">whileLoopII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7" href="#__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8" href="#__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9" href="#__codelineno-37-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-10" name="__codelineno-37-10" href="#__codelineno-37-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-11" name="__codelineno-37-11" href="#__codelineno-37-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-12" name="__codelineno-37-12" href="#__codelineno-37-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-13" name="__codelineno-37-13" href="#__codelineno-37-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="cm">File: iteration.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com), Cy (9738314@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7" href="#__codelineno-38-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл for ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8" href="#__codelineno-38-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9" href="#__codelineno-38-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10" href="#__codelineno-38-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-11" name="__codelineno-38-11" href="#__codelineno-38-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-12" name="__codelineno-38-12" href="#__codelineno-38-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-13" name="__codelineno-38-13" href="#__codelineno-38-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-14" name="__codelineno-38-14" href="#__codelineno-38-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-15" name="__codelineno-38-15" href="#__codelineno-38-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-16" name="__codelineno-38-16" href="#__codelineno-38-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-17" name="__codelineno-38-17" href="#__codelineno-38-17"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-18" name="__codelineno-38-18" href="#__codelineno-38-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-19" name="__codelineno-38-19" href="#__codelineno-38-19"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл while ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-20" name="__codelineno-38-20" href="#__codelineno-38-20"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-21" name="__codelineno-38-21" href="#__codelineno-38-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-22" name="__codelineno-38-22" href="#__codelineno-38-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-23" name="__codelineno-38-23" href="#__codelineno-38-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-24" name="__codelineno-38-24" href="#__codelineno-38-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-25" name="__codelineno-38-25" href="#__codelineno-38-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-26" name="__codelineno-38-26" href="#__codelineno-38-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-27" name="__codelineno-38-27" href="#__codelineno-38-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-28" name="__codelineno-38-28" href="#__codelineno-38-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-29" name="__codelineno-38-29" href="#__codelineno-38-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-30" name="__codelineno-38-30" href="#__codelineno-38-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-31" name="__codelineno-38-31" href="#__codelineno-38-31"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-32" name="__codelineno-38-32" href="#__codelineno-38-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-33" name="__codelineno-38-33" href="#__codelineno-38-33"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл while (двойное обновление) ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-34" name="__codelineno-38-34" href="#__codelineno-38-34"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-35" name="__codelineno-38-35" href="#__codelineno-38-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-36" name="__codelineno-38-36" href="#__codelineno-38-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-37" name="__codelineno-38-37" href="#__codelineno-38-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-38" name="__codelineno-38-38" href="#__codelineno-38-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-39" name="__codelineno-38-39" href="#__codelineno-38-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-40" name="__codelineno-38-40" href="#__codelineno-38-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-41" name="__codelineno-38-41" href="#__codelineno-38-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-42" name="__codelineno-38-42" href="#__codelineno-38-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-43" name="__codelineno-38-43" href="#__codelineno-38-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-44" name="__codelineno-38-44" href="#__codelineno-38-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-45" name="__codelineno-38-45" href="#__codelineno-38-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-46" name="__codelineno-38-46" href="#__codelineno-38-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-47" name="__codelineno-38-47" href="#__codelineno-38-47"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 495px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20while_loop_ii%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20while%20%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20i%20%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%204%2C%2010%2C%20...%0A%20%20%20%20while%20i%20%3C%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2B%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2A%3D%202%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20while_loop_ii%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20while%20%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20while_loop_ii%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20while%20%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20i%20%3D%201%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%201%2C%204%2C%2010%2C%20...%0A%20%20%20%20while%20i%20%3C%3D%20n%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20i%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2B%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20i%20%2A%3D%202%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20while_loop_ii%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20while%20%28%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>В целом <strong>код с <code>for</code> обычно компактнее, а <code>while</code> более гибок</strong>; обе конструкции позволяют реализовывать итерационные структуры. Выбор между ними должен определяться требованиями конкретной задачи.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="3">3. Вложенные циклы<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Мы можем вкладывать одну циклическую структуру в другую; ниже показан пример на основе цикла <code>for</code> :</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_7" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_8" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_9" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_10" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_11" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_12" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_13" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_4_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_4_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_4_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_4_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_4_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_4_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_4_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_4_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nested_for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2" href="#__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Двойной цикл for"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4" href="#__codelineno-39-4"></a> <span class="c1"># Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5" href="#__codelineno-39-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-6" name="__codelineno-39-6" href="#__codelineno-39-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-7" name="__codelineno-39-7" href="#__codelineno-39-7"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-8" name="__codelineno-39-8" href="#__codelineno-39-8"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"(</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">), "</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-9" name="__codelineno-39-9" href="#__codelineno-39-9"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ostringstream</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">++</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8" href="#__codelineno-40-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"("</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">", "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"), "</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9" href="#__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10" href="#__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11" href="#__codelineno-40-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12" href="#__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuilder</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuilder</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-8" name="__codelineno-41-8" href="#__codelineno-41-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"("</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">", "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"), "</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-9" name="__codelineno-41-9" href="#__codelineno-41-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-10" name="__codelineno-41-10" href="#__codelineno-41-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-11" name="__codelineno-41-11" href="#__codelineno-41-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-12" name="__codelineno-41-12" href="#__codelineno-41-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">NestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuilder</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-5" name="__codelineno-42-5" href="#__codelineno-42-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-6" name="__codelineno-42-6" href="#__codelineno-42-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-7" name="__codelineno-42-7" href="#__codelineno-42-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-8" name="__codelineno-42-8" href="#__codelineno-42-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">$"({i}, {j}), "</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-9" name="__codelineno-42-9" href="#__codelineno-42-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-10" name="__codelineno-42-10" href="#__codelineno-42-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-11" name="__codelineno-42-11" href="#__codelineno-42-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ToString</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-12" name="__codelineno-42-12" href="#__codelineno-42-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-2" name="__codelineno-43-2" href="#__codelineno-43-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-4" name="__codelineno-43-4" href="#__codelineno-43-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-5" name="__codelineno-43-5" href="#__codelineno-43-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-6" name="__codelineno-43-6" href="#__codelineno-43-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-7" name="__codelineno-43-7" href="#__codelineno-43-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-8" name="__codelineno-43-8" href="#__codelineno-43-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"(%d, %d), "</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-9" name="__codelineno-43-9" href="#__codelineno-43-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-10" name="__codelineno-43-10" href="#__codelineno-43-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-11" name="__codelineno-43-11" href="#__codelineno-43-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-12" name="__codelineno-43-12" href="#__codelineno-43-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-5" name="__codelineno-44-5" href="#__codelineno-44-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-6" name="__codelineno-44-6" href="#__codelineno-44-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-7" name="__codelineno-44-7" href="#__codelineno-44-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-8" name="__codelineno-44-8" href="#__codelineno-44-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"(</span><span class="si">\(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">)</span><span class="s">, </span><span class="si">\(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="si">)</span><span class="s">), "</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-9" name="__codelineno-44-9" href="#__codelineno-44-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-10" name="__codelineno-44-10" href="#__codelineno-44-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-11" name="__codelineno-44-11" href="#__codelineno-44-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-12" name="__codelineno-44-12" href="#__codelineno-44-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-45-1" name="__codelineno-45-1" href="#__codelineno-45-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-2" name="__codelineno-45-2" href="#__codelineno-45-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-3" name="__codelineno-45-3" href="#__codelineno-45-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-4" name="__codelineno-45-4" href="#__codelineno-45-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-5" name="__codelineno-45-5" href="#__codelineno-45-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-6" name="__codelineno-45-6" href="#__codelineno-45-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-7" name="__codelineno-45-7" href="#__codelineno-45-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-8" name="__codelineno-45-8" href="#__codelineno-45-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sb">`(</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">, </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">), `</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-9" name="__codelineno-45-9" href="#__codelineno-45-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-10" name="__codelineno-45-10" href="#__codelineno-45-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-11" name="__codelineno-45-11" href="#__codelineno-45-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-12" name="__codelineno-45-12" href="#__codelineno-45-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-4" name="__codelineno-46-4" href="#__codelineno-46-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-5" name="__codelineno-46-5" href="#__codelineno-46-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-6" name="__codelineno-46-6" href="#__codelineno-46-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-7" name="__codelineno-46-7" href="#__codelineno-46-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-8" name="__codelineno-46-8" href="#__codelineno-46-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sb">`(</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">, </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">), `</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-9" name="__codelineno-46-9" href="#__codelineno-46-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-10" name="__codelineno-46-10" href="#__codelineno-46-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-11" name="__codelineno-46-11" href="#__codelineno-46-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-12" name="__codelineno-46-12" href="#__codelineno-46-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-8" name="__codelineno-47-8" href="#__codelineno-47-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"(</span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="s2">), "</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-9" name="__codelineno-47-9" href="#__codelineno-47-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-10" name="__codelineno-47-10" href="#__codelineno-47-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-11" name="__codelineno-47-11" href="#__codelineno-47-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-12" name="__codelineno-47-12" href="#__codelineno-47-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-48-1" name="__codelineno-48-1" href="#__codelineno-48-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-2" name="__codelineno-48-2" href="#__codelineno-48-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nested_for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-3" name="__codelineno-48-3" href="#__codelineno-48-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-4" name="__codelineno-48-4" href="#__codelineno-48-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-5" name="__codelineno-48-5" href="#__codelineno-48-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..=</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-6" name="__codelineno-48-6" href="#__codelineno-48-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-7" name="__codelineno-48-7" href="#__codelineno-48-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..=</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-8" name="__codelineno-48-8" href="#__codelineno-48-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="fm">format!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"({}, {}), "</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-9" name="__codelineno-48-9" href="#__codelineno-48-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-10" name="__codelineno-48-10" href="#__codelineno-48-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-11" name="__codelineno-48-11" href="#__codelineno-48-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-12" name="__codelineno-48-12" href="#__codelineno-48-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-49-1" name="__codelineno-49-1" href="#__codelineno-49-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-2" name="__codelineno-49-2" href="#__codelineno-49-2"></a><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-3" name="__codelineno-49-3" href="#__codelineno-49-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// n * n — это число соответствующих точек, а максимальная длина строки "(i, j), " равна 6+10*2, плюс дополнительное место для завершающего нулевого символа \0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-4" name="__codelineno-49-4" href="#__codelineno-49-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-5" name="__codelineno-49-5" href="#__codelineno-49-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-6" name="__codelineno-49-6" href="#__codelineno-49-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-7" name="__codelineno-49-7" href="#__codelineno-49-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-8" name="__codelineno-49-8" href="#__codelineno-49-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-9" name="__codelineno-49-9" href="#__codelineno-49-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-10" name="__codelineno-49-10" href="#__codelineno-49-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-11" name="__codelineno-49-11" href="#__codelineno-49-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">snprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"(%d, %d), "</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-12" name="__codelineno-49-12" href="#__codelineno-49-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strncat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-13" name="__codelineno-49-13" href="#__codelineno-49-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-14" name="__codelineno-49-14" href="#__codelineno-49-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-15" name="__codelineno-49-15" href="#__codelineno-49-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-16" name="__codelineno-49-16" href="#__codelineno-49-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-50-1" name="__codelineno-50-1" href="#__codelineno-50-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Двойной цикл for */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-2" name="__codelineno-50-2" href="#__codelineno-50-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nestedForLoop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-3" name="__codelineno-50-3" href="#__codelineno-50-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">StringBuilder</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-4" name="__codelineno-50-4" href="#__codelineno-50-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-5" name="__codelineno-50-5" href="#__codelineno-50-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-6" name="__codelineno-50-6" href="#__codelineno-50-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-7" name="__codelineno-50-7" href="#__codelineno-50-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1.</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-8" name="__codelineno-50-8" href="#__codelineno-50-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" (</span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="s">, </span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="s">), "</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-9" name="__codelineno-50-9" href="#__codelineno-50-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-10" name="__codelineno-50-10" href="#__codelineno-50-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-11" name="__codelineno-50-11" href="#__codelineno-50-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-12" name="__codelineno-50-12" href="#__codelineno-50-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">iteration.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="cm">File: iteration.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-4" name="__codelineno-51-4" href="#__codelineno-51-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com), Cy (9738314@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-5" name="__codelineno-51-5" href="#__codelineno-51-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-6" name="__codelineno-51-6" href="#__codelineno-51-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-7" name="__codelineno-51-7" href="#__codelineno-51-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл for ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-8" name="__codelineno-51-8" href="#__codelineno-51-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-9" name="__codelineno-51-9" href="#__codelineno-51-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-10" name="__codelineno-51-10" href="#__codelineno-51-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-11" name="__codelineno-51-11" href="#__codelineno-51-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-12" name="__codelineno-51-12" href="#__codelineno-51-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-13" name="__codelineno-51-13" href="#__codelineno-51-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-14" name="__codelineno-51-14" href="#__codelineno-51-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-15" name="__codelineno-51-15" href="#__codelineno-51-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-16" name="__codelineno-51-16" href="#__codelineno-51-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-17" name="__codelineno-51-17" href="#__codelineno-51-17"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-18" name="__codelineno-51-18" href="#__codelineno-51-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-19" name="__codelineno-51-19" href="#__codelineno-51-19"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл while ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-20" name="__codelineno-51-20" href="#__codelineno-51-20"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-21" name="__codelineno-51-21" href="#__codelineno-51-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-22" name="__codelineno-51-22" href="#__codelineno-51-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-23" name="__codelineno-51-23" href="#__codelineno-51-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-24" name="__codelineno-51-24" href="#__codelineno-51-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-25" name="__codelineno-51-25" href="#__codelineno-51-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-26" name="__codelineno-51-26" href="#__codelineno-51-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-27" name="__codelineno-51-27" href="#__codelineno-51-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-28" name="__codelineno-51-28" href="#__codelineno-51-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-29" name="__codelineno-51-29" href="#__codelineno-51-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-30" name="__codelineno-51-30" href="#__codelineno-51-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-31" name="__codelineno-51-31" href="#__codelineno-51-31"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-32" name="__codelineno-51-32" href="#__codelineno-51-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-33" name="__codelineno-51-33" href="#__codelineno-51-33"></a><span class="c1"># ## Цикл while (двойное обновление) ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-34" name="__codelineno-51-34" href="#__codelineno-51-34"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">while_loop_ii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-35" name="__codelineno-51-35" href="#__codelineno-51-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-36" name="__codelineno-51-36" href="#__codelineno-51-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Инициализация условной переменной</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-37" name="__codelineno-51-37" href="#__codelineno-51-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-38" name="__codelineno-51-38" href="#__codelineno-51-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Циклическое суммирование 1, 4, 10, ...</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-39" name="__codelineno-51-39" href="#__codelineno-51-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-40" name="__codelineno-51-40" href="#__codelineno-51-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-41" name="__codelineno-51-41" href="#__codelineno-51-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Обновить условную переменную</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-42" name="__codelineno-51-42" href="#__codelineno-51-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-43" name="__codelineno-51-43" href="#__codelineno-51-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-44" name="__codelineno-51-44" href="#__codelineno-51-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-45" name="__codelineno-51-45" href="#__codelineno-51-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-46" name="__codelineno-51-46" href="#__codelineno-51-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-47" name="__codelineno-51-47" href="#__codelineno-51-47"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-48" name="__codelineno-51-48" href="#__codelineno-51-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-49" name="__codelineno-51-49" href="#__codelineno-51-49"></a><span class="c1"># ## Двойной цикл for ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-50" name="__codelineno-51-50" href="#__codelineno-51-50"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">nested_for_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-51" name="__codelineno-51-51" href="#__codelineno-51-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-52" name="__codelineno-51-52" href="#__codelineno-51-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-53" name="__codelineno-51-53" href="#__codelineno-51-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Цикл по i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-54" name="__codelineno-51-54" href="#__codelineno-51-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-55" name="__codelineno-51-55" href="#__codelineno-51-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Цикл по j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-56" name="__codelineno-51-56" href="#__codelineno-51-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-57" name="__codelineno-51-57" href="#__codelineno-51-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"(</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">), "</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-58" name="__codelineno-51-58" href="#__codelineno-51-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-59" name="__codelineno-51-59" href="#__codelineno-51-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-60" name="__codelineno-51-60" href="#__codelineno-51-60"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-61" name="__codelineno-51-61" href="#__codelineno-51-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-62" name="__codelineno-51-62" href="#__codelineno-51-62"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 459px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20nested_for_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20str%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20for%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20i%20%3D%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20j%20%3D%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20f%22%28%7Bi%7D%2C%20%7Bj%7D%29%2C%20%22%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20nested_for_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20for%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20nested_for_loop%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20str%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20for%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20i%20%3D%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20j%20%3D%201%2C%202%2C%20...%2C%20n-1%2C%20n%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20for%20j%20in%20range%281%2C%20n%20%2B%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20f%22%28%7Bi%7D%2C%20%7Bj%7D%29%2C%20%22%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20nested_for_loop%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%20for%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>На рисунке 2-2 показана блок-схема такого вложенного цикла.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/nested_iteration.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Блок-схема вложенного цикла" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/nested_iteration.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-2 Блок-схема вложенного цикла </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>В этом случае число операций функции пропорционально <span class="arithmatex">\(n^2\)</span> , то есть время работы алгоритма и размер входных данных <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> находятся в "квадратичной зависимости".</p>
|
||
<p>Мы можем продолжать добавлять вложенные циклы, и каждое новое вложение будет означать очередное "повышение размерности", увеличивая временную сложность до "кубической зависимости", "зависимости четвертой степени" и так далее.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="222">2.2.2 Рекурсия<a class="headerlink" href="#222" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><u>Рекурсия (recursion)</u> - это алгоритмическая стратегия, в которой функция решает задачу, вызывая саму себя. В основном она включает две фазы.</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>Спуск</strong>: программа все глубже вызывает саму себя, обычно передавая меньшие или более упрощенные параметры, пока не достигнет "условия завершения".</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Подъем</strong>: после срабатывания "условия завершения" программа начинает возвращаться от самой глубокой рекурсивной функции вверх, собирая результаты с каждого уровня.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>С точки зрения реализации рекурсивный код в основном состоит из трех элементов.</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>Условие завершения</strong>: определяет момент перехода от "спуска" к "подъему".</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Рекурсивный вызов</strong>: соответствует "спуску", когда функция вызывает саму себя, обычно с меньшими или более упрощенными параметрами.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Возврат результата</strong>: соответствует "подъему", когда результат текущего уровня рекурсии передается предыдущему.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>Посмотри на следующий код: нам достаточно вызвать функцию <code>recur(n)</code> , чтобы вычислить <span class="arithmatex">\(1 + 2 + \dots + n\)</span> :</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-52-1" name="__codelineno-52-1" href="#__codelineno-52-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-2" name="__codelineno-52-2" href="#__codelineno-52-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Рекурсия"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-3" name="__codelineno-52-3" href="#__codelineno-52-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-4" name="__codelineno-52-4" href="#__codelineno-52-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-5" name="__codelineno-52-5" href="#__codelineno-52-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-6" name="__codelineno-52-6" href="#__codelineno-52-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-7" name="__codelineno-52-7" href="#__codelineno-52-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-8" name="__codelineno-52-8" href="#__codelineno-52-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-9" name="__codelineno-52-9" href="#__codelineno-52-9"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-53-1" name="__codelineno-53-1" href="#__codelineno-53-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-2" name="__codelineno-53-2" href="#__codelineno-53-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-3" name="__codelineno-53-3" href="#__codelineno-53-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-4" name="__codelineno-53-4" href="#__codelineno-53-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-5" name="__codelineno-53-5" href="#__codelineno-53-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-6" name="__codelineno-53-6" href="#__codelineno-53-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-7" name="__codelineno-53-7" href="#__codelineno-53-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-8" name="__codelineno-53-8" href="#__codelineno-53-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-9" name="__codelineno-53-9" href="#__codelineno-53-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-10" name="__codelineno-53-10" href="#__codelineno-53-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-2" name="__codelineno-54-2" href="#__codelineno-54-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-3" name="__codelineno-54-3" href="#__codelineno-54-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-4" name="__codelineno-54-4" href="#__codelineno-54-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-5" name="__codelineno-54-5" href="#__codelineno-54-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-6" name="__codelineno-54-6" href="#__codelineno-54-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-7" name="__codelineno-54-7" href="#__codelineno-54-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-8" name="__codelineno-54-8" href="#__codelineno-54-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-9" name="__codelineno-54-9" href="#__codelineno-54-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-10" name="__codelineno-54-10" href="#__codelineno-54-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-55-1" name="__codelineno-55-1" href="#__codelineno-55-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-2" name="__codelineno-55-2" href="#__codelineno-55-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-3" name="__codelineno-55-3" href="#__codelineno-55-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-56-1" name="__codelineno-56-1" href="#__codelineno-56-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-2" name="__codelineno-56-2" href="#__codelineno-56-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-3" name="__codelineno-56-3" href="#__codelineno-56-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-4" name="__codelineno-56-4" href="#__codelineno-56-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-5" name="__codelineno-56-5" href="#__codelineno-56-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-6" name="__codelineno-56-6" href="#__codelineno-56-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-7" name="__codelineno-56-7" href="#__codelineno-56-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-8" name="__codelineno-56-8" href="#__codelineno-56-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-9" name="__codelineno-56-9" href="#__codelineno-56-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-10" name="__codelineno-56-10" href="#__codelineno-56-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-11" name="__codelineno-56-11" href="#__codelineno-56-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-57-1" name="__codelineno-57-1" href="#__codelineno-57-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-2" name="__codelineno-57-2" href="#__codelineno-57-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-3" name="__codelineno-57-3" href="#__codelineno-57-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-4" name="__codelineno-57-4" href="#__codelineno-57-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-5" name="__codelineno-57-5" href="#__codelineno-57-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-6" name="__codelineno-57-6" href="#__codelineno-57-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-7" name="__codelineno-57-7" href="#__codelineno-57-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-8" name="__codelineno-57-8" href="#__codelineno-57-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-9" name="__codelineno-57-9" href="#__codelineno-57-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-10" name="__codelineno-57-10" href="#__codelineno-57-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-11" name="__codelineno-57-11" href="#__codelineno-57-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-58-1" name="__codelineno-58-1" href="#__codelineno-58-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-2" name="__codelineno-58-2" href="#__codelineno-58-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-3" name="__codelineno-58-3" href="#__codelineno-58-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-4" name="__codelineno-58-4" href="#__codelineno-58-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-5" name="__codelineno-58-5" href="#__codelineno-58-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-6" name="__codelineno-58-6" href="#__codelineno-58-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-7" name="__codelineno-58-7" href="#__codelineno-58-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-8" name="__codelineno-58-8" href="#__codelineno-58-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-9" name="__codelineno-58-9" href="#__codelineno-58-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-59-1" name="__codelineno-59-1" href="#__codelineno-59-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-2" name="__codelineno-59-2" href="#__codelineno-59-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-3" name="__codelineno-59-3" href="#__codelineno-59-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-4" name="__codelineno-59-4" href="#__codelineno-59-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-5" name="__codelineno-59-5" href="#__codelineno-59-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-6" name="__codelineno-59-6" href="#__codelineno-59-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-7" name="__codelineno-59-7" href="#__codelineno-59-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-8" name="__codelineno-59-8" href="#__codelineno-59-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-9" name="__codelineno-59-9" href="#__codelineno-59-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-60-1" name="__codelineno-60-1" href="#__codelineno-60-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-2" name="__codelineno-60-2" href="#__codelineno-60-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-3" name="__codelineno-60-3" href="#__codelineno-60-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-4" name="__codelineno-60-4" href="#__codelineno-60-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-5" name="__codelineno-60-5" href="#__codelineno-60-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-6" name="__codelineno-60-6" href="#__codelineno-60-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-7" name="__codelineno-60-7" href="#__codelineno-60-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-8" name="__codelineno-60-8" href="#__codelineno-60-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-9" name="__codelineno-60-9" href="#__codelineno-60-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-61-1" name="__codelineno-61-1" href="#__codelineno-61-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-2" name="__codelineno-61-2" href="#__codelineno-61-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-3" name="__codelineno-61-3" href="#__codelineno-61-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-4" name="__codelineno-61-4" href="#__codelineno-61-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-5" name="__codelineno-61-5" href="#__codelineno-61-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-6" name="__codelineno-61-6" href="#__codelineno-61-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-7" name="__codelineno-61-7" href="#__codelineno-61-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-8" name="__codelineno-61-8" href="#__codelineno-61-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-9" name="__codelineno-61-9" href="#__codelineno-61-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-10" name="__codelineno-61-10" href="#__codelineno-61-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-11" name="__codelineno-61-11" href="#__codelineno-61-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-62-1" name="__codelineno-62-1" href="#__codelineno-62-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-2" name="__codelineno-62-2" href="#__codelineno-62-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-3" name="__codelineno-62-3" href="#__codelineno-62-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-4" name="__codelineno-62-4" href="#__codelineno-62-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-5" name="__codelineno-62-5" href="#__codelineno-62-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-6" name="__codelineno-62-6" href="#__codelineno-62-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-7" name="__codelineno-62-7" href="#__codelineno-62-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-8" name="__codelineno-62-8" href="#__codelineno-62-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-9" name="__codelineno-62-9" href="#__codelineno-62-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-10" name="__codelineno-62-10" href="#__codelineno-62-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-63-1" name="__codelineno-63-1" href="#__codelineno-63-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-2" name="__codelineno-63-2" href="#__codelineno-63-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-3" name="__codelineno-63-3" href="#__codelineno-63-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-4" name="__codelineno-63-4" href="#__codelineno-63-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-5" name="__codelineno-63-5" href="#__codelineno-63-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-6" name="__codelineno-63-6" href="#__codelineno-63-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный шаг: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-7" name="__codelineno-63-7" href="#__codelineno-63-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-8" name="__codelineno-63-8" href="#__codelineno-63-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-9" name="__codelineno-63-9" href="#__codelineno-63-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-10" name="__codelineno-63-10" href="#__codelineno-63-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-64-1" name="__codelineno-64-1" href="#__codelineno-64-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-2" name="__codelineno-64-2" href="#__codelineno-64-2"></a><span class="cm">File: recursion.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-3" name="__codelineno-64-3" href="#__codelineno-64-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-4" name="__codelineno-64-4" href="#__codelineno-64-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-5" name="__codelineno-64-5" href="#__codelineno-64-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-6" name="__codelineno-64-6" href="#__codelineno-64-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-7" name="__codelineno-64-7" href="#__codelineno-64-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-8" name="__codelineno-64-8" href="#__codelineno-64-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-9" name="__codelineno-64-9" href="#__codelineno-64-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-10" name="__codelineno-64-10" href="#__codelineno-64-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-11" name="__codelineno-64-11" href="#__codelineno-64-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-12" name="__codelineno-64-12" href="#__codelineno-64-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-13" name="__codelineno-64-13" href="#__codelineno-64-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-14" name="__codelineno-64-14" href="#__codelineno-64-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-15" name="__codelineno-64-15" href="#__codelineno-64-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 459px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20recur%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%201%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%201%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20recur%28n%20-%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%3A%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%0A%20%20%20%20return%20n%20%2B%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20recur%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20recur%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%201%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%201%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20recur%28n%20-%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%3A%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%0A%20%20%20%20return%20n%20%2B%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20recur%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>На рисунке 2-3 показан рекурсивный процесс этой функции.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_sum.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Рекурсивный процесс функции суммирования" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_sum.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-3 Рекурсивный процесс функции суммирования </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Хотя с вычислительной точки зрения итерация и рекурсия могут давать один и тот же результат, <strong>они представляют собой две совершенно разные парадигмы мышления и решения задач</strong>.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Итерация</strong>: решает задачу "снизу вверх". Мы начинаем с самых базовых шагов, а затем многократно повторяем или накапливаем их, пока задача не будет завершена.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Рекурсия</strong>: решает задачу "сверху вниз". Исходная задача разбивается на более мелкие подзадачи той же формы. Затем эти подзадачи продолжают разбиваться еще дальше, пока не будет достигнут базовый случай (для которого решение уже известно).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Возьмем в качестве примера указанную выше функцию суммирования и обозначим задачу как <span class="arithmatex">\(f(n) = 1 + 2 + \dots + n\)</span> .</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Итерация</strong>: в цикле моделируется процесс суммирования от <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> до <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> , и на каждом шаге выполняется операция сложения, в результате чего получается <span class="arithmatex">\(f(n)\)</span> .</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Рекурсия</strong>: задача раскладывается на подзадачу <span class="arithmatex">\(f(n) = n + f(n-1)\)</span> , а затем продолжает раскладываться (рекурсивно) до базового случая <span class="arithmatex">\(f(1) = 1\)</span> .</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="1">1. Стек вызовов<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Каждый раз, когда рекурсивная функция вызывает сама себя, система выделяет память для нового экземпляра функции, чтобы хранить локальные переменные, адрес возврата и другую информацию. Это приводит к двум последствиям.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Контекстные данные функции хранятся в области памяти, называемой "пространством кадра стека", и освобождаются только после возврата функции. Поэтому <strong>рекурсия обычно требует больше памяти, чем итерация</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Вызов рекурсивной функции создает дополнительный накладной расход. <strong>Поэтому рекурсия обычно уступает циклам по временной эффективности</strong>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Как показано на рисунке 2-4, до срабатывания условия завершения одновременно существует <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> еще не завершившихся рекурсивных вызовов, а <strong>глубина рекурсии равна <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span></strong> .</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_sum_depth.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Глубина рекурсивного вызова" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_sum_depth.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-4 Глубина рекурсивного вызова </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>На практике разрешенная языком программирования глубина рекурсии обычно ограничена, и слишком глубокая рекурсия может привести к ошибке переполнения стека.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="2">2. Хвостовая рекурсия<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Интересно, что <strong>если функция выполняет рекурсивный вызов в самом последнем действии перед возвратом</strong> , то компилятор или интерпретатор может оптимизировать такую функцию так, чтобы по использованию памяти она была сопоставима с итерацией. Такой случай называется <u>хвостовой рекурсией (tail recursion)</u>.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Обычная рекурсия</strong>: когда функция возвращается на предыдущий уровень, ей все еще нужно продолжать выполнять код, поэтому системе приходится сохранять контекст вызова предыдущего уровня.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Хвостовая рекурсия</strong>: рекурсивный вызов - это последняя операция перед возвратом, а значит, после возвращения на предыдущий уровень не требуется выполнять дополнительных действий, и системе не нужно сохранять контекст предыдущей функции.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>На примере вычисления <span class="arithmatex">\(1 + 2 + \dots + n\)</span> можно сделать переменную результата <code>res</code> параметром функции и тем самым реализовать хвостовую рекурсию:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_11" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_12" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_13" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_6_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_6_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_6_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_6_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_6_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_6_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_6_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_6_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_6_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_6_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-65-1" name="__codelineno-65-1" href="#__codelineno-65-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-2" name="__codelineno-65-2" href="#__codelineno-65-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Хвостовая рекурсия"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-3" name="__codelineno-65-3" href="#__codelineno-65-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-4" name="__codelineno-65-4" href="#__codelineno-65-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-5" name="__codelineno-65-5" href="#__codelineno-65-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-6" name="__codelineno-65-6" href="#__codelineno-65-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-7" name="__codelineno-65-7" href="#__codelineno-65-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-66-1" name="__codelineno-66-1" href="#__codelineno-66-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-2" name="__codelineno-66-2" href="#__codelineno-66-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-3" name="__codelineno-66-3" href="#__codelineno-66-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-4" name="__codelineno-66-4" href="#__codelineno-66-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-5" name="__codelineno-66-5" href="#__codelineno-66-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-6" name="__codelineno-66-6" href="#__codelineno-66-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-7" name="__codelineno-66-7" href="#__codelineno-66-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-8" name="__codelineno-66-8" href="#__codelineno-66-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-67-1" name="__codelineno-67-1" href="#__codelineno-67-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-2" name="__codelineno-67-2" href="#__codelineno-67-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-3" name="__codelineno-67-3" href="#__codelineno-67-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-4" name="__codelineno-67-4" href="#__codelineno-67-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-5" name="__codelineno-67-5" href="#__codelineno-67-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-6" name="__codelineno-67-6" href="#__codelineno-67-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-7" name="__codelineno-67-7" href="#__codelineno-67-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-8" name="__codelineno-67-8" href="#__codelineno-67-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-68-1" name="__codelineno-68-1" href="#__codelineno-68-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-2" name="__codelineno-68-2" href="#__codelineno-68-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">TailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-3" name="__codelineno-68-3" href="#__codelineno-68-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-4" name="__codelineno-68-4" href="#__codelineno-68-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-5" name="__codelineno-68-5" href="#__codelineno-68-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-6" name="__codelineno-68-6" href="#__codelineno-68-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-7" name="__codelineno-68-7" href="#__codelineno-68-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">TailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-8" name="__codelineno-68-8" href="#__codelineno-68-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-69-1" name="__codelineno-69-1" href="#__codelineno-69-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-70-1" name="__codelineno-70-1" href="#__codelineno-70-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-2" name="__codelineno-70-2" href="#__codelineno-70-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-3" name="__codelineno-70-3" href="#__codelineno-70-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-4" name="__codelineno-70-4" href="#__codelineno-70-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-5" name="__codelineno-70-5" href="#__codelineno-70-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-6" name="__codelineno-70-6" href="#__codelineno-70-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-7" name="__codelineno-70-7" href="#__codelineno-70-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-8" name="__codelineno-70-8" href="#__codelineno-70-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-9" name="__codelineno-70-9" href="#__codelineno-70-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-71-1" name="__codelineno-71-1" href="#__codelineno-71-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-2" name="__codelineno-71-2" href="#__codelineno-71-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-3" name="__codelineno-71-3" href="#__codelineno-71-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-4" name="__codelineno-71-4" href="#__codelineno-71-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-5" name="__codelineno-71-5" href="#__codelineno-71-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-6" name="__codelineno-71-6" href="#__codelineno-71-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-7" name="__codelineno-71-7" href="#__codelineno-71-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-72-1" name="__codelineno-72-1" href="#__codelineno-72-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-2" name="__codelineno-72-2" href="#__codelineno-72-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-3" name="__codelineno-72-3" href="#__codelineno-72-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-4" name="__codelineno-72-4" href="#__codelineno-72-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-5" name="__codelineno-72-5" href="#__codelineno-72-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-6" name="__codelineno-72-6" href="#__codelineno-72-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-7" name="__codelineno-72-7" href="#__codelineno-72-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-73-1" name="__codelineno-73-1" href="#__codelineno-73-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-2" name="__codelineno-73-2" href="#__codelineno-73-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-3" name="__codelineno-73-3" href="#__codelineno-73-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-4" name="__codelineno-73-4" href="#__codelineno-73-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-5" name="__codelineno-73-5" href="#__codelineno-73-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-6" name="__codelineno-73-6" href="#__codelineno-73-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-7" name="__codelineno-73-7" href="#__codelineno-73-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-74-1" name="__codelineno-74-1" href="#__codelineno-74-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-2" name="__codelineno-74-2" href="#__codelineno-74-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-3" name="__codelineno-74-3" href="#__codelineno-74-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-4" name="__codelineno-74-4" href="#__codelineno-74-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-5" name="__codelineno-74-5" href="#__codelineno-74-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-6" name="__codelineno-74-6" href="#__codelineno-74-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-7" name="__codelineno-74-7" href="#__codelineno-74-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-8" name="__codelineno-74-8" href="#__codelineno-74-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-9" name="__codelineno-74-9" href="#__codelineno-74-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-75-1" name="__codelineno-75-1" href="#__codelineno-75-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-2" name="__codelineno-75-2" href="#__codelineno-75-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-3" name="__codelineno-75-3" href="#__codelineno-75-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-4" name="__codelineno-75-4" href="#__codelineno-75-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-5" name="__codelineno-75-5" href="#__codelineno-75-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-6" name="__codelineno-75-6" href="#__codelineno-75-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-7" name="__codelineno-75-7" href="#__codelineno-75-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-8" name="__codelineno-75-8" href="#__codelineno-75-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-76-1" name="__codelineno-76-1" href="#__codelineno-76-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Хвостовая рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-2" name="__codelineno-76-2" href="#__codelineno-76-2"></a><span class="kd">tailrec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-3" name="__codelineno-76-3" href="#__codelineno-76-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Добавить ключевое слово tailrec, чтобы включить оптимизацию хвостовой рекурсии</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-4" name="__codelineno-76-4" href="#__codelineno-76-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-5" name="__codelineno-76-5" href="#__codelineno-76-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-6" name="__codelineno-76-6" href="#__codelineno-76-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-7" name="__codelineno-76-7" href="#__codelineno-76-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-8" name="__codelineno-76-8" href="#__codelineno-76-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tailRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-9" name="__codelineno-76-9" href="#__codelineno-76-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-77-1" name="__codelineno-77-1" href="#__codelineno-77-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-2" name="__codelineno-77-2" href="#__codelineno-77-2"></a><span class="cm">File: recursion.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-3" name="__codelineno-77-3" href="#__codelineno-77-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-4" name="__codelineno-77-4" href="#__codelineno-77-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-5" name="__codelineno-77-5" href="#__codelineno-77-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-6" name="__codelineno-77-6" href="#__codelineno-77-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-7" name="__codelineno-77-7" href="#__codelineno-77-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-8" name="__codelineno-77-8" href="#__codelineno-77-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-9" name="__codelineno-77-9" href="#__codelineno-77-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-10" name="__codelineno-77-10" href="#__codelineno-77-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-11" name="__codelineno-77-11" href="#__codelineno-77-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-12" name="__codelineno-77-12" href="#__codelineno-77-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-13" name="__codelineno-77-13" href="#__codelineno-77-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-14" name="__codelineno-77-14" href="#__codelineno-77-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-15" name="__codelineno-77-15" href="#__codelineno-77-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-16" name="__codelineno-77-16" href="#__codelineno-77-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-17" name="__codelineno-77-17" href="#__codelineno-77-17"></a><span class="c1"># ## Имитация рекурсии итерацией ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-18" name="__codelineno-77-18" href="#__codelineno-77-18"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-19" name="__codelineno-77-19" href="#__codelineno-77-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-20" name="__codelineno-77-20" href="#__codelineno-77-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-21" name="__codelineno-77-21" href="#__codelineno-77-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-22" name="__codelineno-77-22" href="#__codelineno-77-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-23" name="__codelineno-77-23" href="#__codelineno-77-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-24" name="__codelineno-77-24" href="#__codelineno-77-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-25" name="__codelineno-77-25" href="#__codelineno-77-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-26" name="__codelineno-77-26" href="#__codelineno-77-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-27" name="__codelineno-77-27" href="#__codelineno-77-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-28" name="__codelineno-77-28" href="#__codelineno-77-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-29" name="__codelineno-77-29" href="#__codelineno-77-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-30" name="__codelineno-77-30" href="#__codelineno-77-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-31" name="__codelineno-77-31" href="#__codelineno-77-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-32" name="__codelineno-77-32" href="#__codelineno-77-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-33" name="__codelineno-77-33" href="#__codelineno-77-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-34" name="__codelineno-77-34" href="#__codelineno-77-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-35" name="__codelineno-77-35" href="#__codelineno-77-35"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-36" name="__codelineno-77-36" href="#__codelineno-77-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-37" name="__codelineno-77-37" href="#__codelineno-77-37"></a><span class="c1"># ## Хвостовая рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-38" name="__codelineno-77-38" href="#__codelineno-77-38"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-39" name="__codelineno-77-39" href="#__codelineno-77-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-40" name="__codelineno-77-40" href="#__codelineno-77-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-41" name="__codelineno-77-41" href="#__codelineno-77-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-42" name="__codelineno-77-42" href="#__codelineno-77-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-43" name="__codelineno-77-43" href="#__codelineno-77-43"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 423px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20tail_recur%28n%2C%20res%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%200%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20return%20tail_recur%28n%20-%201%2C%20res%20%2B%20n%29%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20tail_recur%28n%2C%200%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20tail_recur%28n%2C%20res%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%200%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20return%20tail_recur%28n%20-%201%2C%20res%20%2B%20n%29%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20tail_recur%28n%2C%200%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>Процесс выполнения хвостовой рекурсии показан на рисунке 2-5. Если сравнить обычную рекурсию и хвостовую рекурсию, то видно, что точка выполнения операции суммирования у них различается.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Обычная рекурсия</strong>: операция суммирования выполняется в процессе "подъема", то есть после возврата с каждого уровня еще нужно выполнить очередное сложение.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Хвостовая рекурсия</strong>: операция суммирования выполняется в процессе "спуска", а сам "подъем" сводится лишь к последовательному возврату.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/tail_recursion_sum.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Процесс хвостовой рекурсии" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/tail_recursion_sum.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-5 Процесс хвостовой рекурсии </p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p>Обрати внимание: многие компиляторы и интерпретаторы не поддерживают оптимизацию хвостовой рекурсии. Например, Python по умолчанию такую оптимизацию не выполняет, поэтому даже функция в хвостово-рекурсивной форме все равно может привести к переполнению стека.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="3_1">3. Дерево рекурсии<a class="headerlink" href="#3_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>При решении алгоритмических задач, связанных с "разделяй и властвуй", рекурсия часто дает более интуитивный способ рассуждения и более читаемый код, чем итерация. Возьмем в качестве примера "последовательность Фибоначчи".</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition question">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
|
||
<p>Дана последовательность Фибоначчи <span class="arithmatex">\(0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, \dots\)</span> ; найди <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>-й элемент этой последовательности.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Обозначим <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>-й элемент последовательности Фибоначчи как <span class="arithmatex">\(f(n)\)</span> . Тогда нетрудно получить два вывода.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Первые два числа последовательности равны <span class="arithmatex">\(f(1) = 0\)</span> и <span class="arithmatex">\(f(2) = 1\)</span> .</li>
|
||
<li>Каждое последующее число равно сумме двух предыдущих, то есть <span class="arithmatex">\(f(n) = f(n - 1) + f(n - 2)\)</span> .</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Следуя рекуррентному соотношению и используя первые два числа как условия завершения, мы можем написать рекурсивный код. Вызов <code>fib(n)</code> даст нам <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>-й элемент последовательности Фибоначчи:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="7:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_7_1" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_2" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_3" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_4" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_5" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_6" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_7" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_8" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_9" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_10" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_11" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_12" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_13" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_7_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_7_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_7_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_7_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_7_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_7_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_7_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_7_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_7_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_7_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_7_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-78-1" name="__codelineno-78-1" href="#__codelineno-78-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-2" name="__codelineno-78-2" href="#__codelineno-78-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-3" name="__codelineno-78-3" href="#__codelineno-78-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-4" name="__codelineno-78-4" href="#__codelineno-78-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-5" name="__codelineno-78-5" href="#__codelineno-78-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-6" name="__codelineno-78-6" href="#__codelineno-78-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-7" name="__codelineno-78-7" href="#__codelineno-78-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-8" name="__codelineno-78-8" href="#__codelineno-78-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-9" name="__codelineno-78-9" href="#__codelineno-78-9"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-79-1" name="__codelineno-79-1" href="#__codelineno-79-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-2" name="__codelineno-79-2" href="#__codelineno-79-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-3" name="__codelineno-79-3" href="#__codelineno-79-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-4" name="__codelineno-79-4" href="#__codelineno-79-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-5" name="__codelineno-79-5" href="#__codelineno-79-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-6" name="__codelineno-79-6" href="#__codelineno-79-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-7" name="__codelineno-79-7" href="#__codelineno-79-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-8" name="__codelineno-79-8" href="#__codelineno-79-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-9" name="__codelineno-79-9" href="#__codelineno-79-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-10" name="__codelineno-79-10" href="#__codelineno-79-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-80-1" name="__codelineno-80-1" href="#__codelineno-80-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-2" name="__codelineno-80-2" href="#__codelineno-80-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-3" name="__codelineno-80-3" href="#__codelineno-80-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-4" name="__codelineno-80-4" href="#__codelineno-80-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-5" name="__codelineno-80-5" href="#__codelineno-80-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-6" name="__codelineno-80-6" href="#__codelineno-80-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-7" name="__codelineno-80-7" href="#__codelineno-80-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-8" name="__codelineno-80-8" href="#__codelineno-80-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-9" name="__codelineno-80-9" href="#__codelineno-80-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-10" name="__codelineno-80-10" href="#__codelineno-80-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-81-1" name="__codelineno-81-1" href="#__codelineno-81-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-2" name="__codelineno-81-2" href="#__codelineno-81-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-3" name="__codelineno-81-3" href="#__codelineno-81-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-4" name="__codelineno-81-4" href="#__codelineno-81-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-5" name="__codelineno-81-5" href="#__codelineno-81-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-6" name="__codelineno-81-6" href="#__codelineno-81-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-7" name="__codelineno-81-7" href="#__codelineno-81-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-8" name="__codelineno-81-8" href="#__codelineno-81-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-9" name="__codelineno-81-9" href="#__codelineno-81-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-10" name="__codelineno-81-10" href="#__codelineno-81-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-82-1" name="__codelineno-82-1" href="#__codelineno-82-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-2" name="__codelineno-82-2" href="#__codelineno-82-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-3" name="__codelineno-82-3" href="#__codelineno-82-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-4" name="__codelineno-82-4" href="#__codelineno-82-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-5" name="__codelineno-82-5" href="#__codelineno-82-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-6" name="__codelineno-82-6" href="#__codelineno-82-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-7" name="__codelineno-82-7" href="#__codelineno-82-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-8" name="__codelineno-82-8" href="#__codelineno-82-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-9" name="__codelineno-82-9" href="#__codelineno-82-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-10" name="__codelineno-82-10" href="#__codelineno-82-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-11" name="__codelineno-82-11" href="#__codelineno-82-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-83-1" name="__codelineno-83-1" href="#__codelineno-83-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-2" name="__codelineno-83-2" href="#__codelineno-83-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-3" name="__codelineno-83-3" href="#__codelineno-83-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-4" name="__codelineno-83-4" href="#__codelineno-83-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-5" name="__codelineno-83-5" href="#__codelineno-83-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-6" name="__codelineno-83-6" href="#__codelineno-83-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-7" name="__codelineno-83-7" href="#__codelineno-83-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-8" name="__codelineno-83-8" href="#__codelineno-83-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-9" name="__codelineno-83-9" href="#__codelineno-83-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-10" name="__codelineno-83-10" href="#__codelineno-83-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-11" name="__codelineno-83-11" href="#__codelineno-83-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-84-1" name="__codelineno-84-1" href="#__codelineno-84-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-2" name="__codelineno-84-2" href="#__codelineno-84-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-3" name="__codelineno-84-3" href="#__codelineno-84-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-4" name="__codelineno-84-4" href="#__codelineno-84-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-5" name="__codelineno-84-5" href="#__codelineno-84-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-6" name="__codelineno-84-6" href="#__codelineno-84-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-7" name="__codelineno-84-7" href="#__codelineno-84-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-8" name="__codelineno-84-8" href="#__codelineno-84-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-9" name="__codelineno-84-9" href="#__codelineno-84-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-85-1" name="__codelineno-85-1" href="#__codelineno-85-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-2" name="__codelineno-85-2" href="#__codelineno-85-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-3" name="__codelineno-85-3" href="#__codelineno-85-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-4" name="__codelineno-85-4" href="#__codelineno-85-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-5" name="__codelineno-85-5" href="#__codelineno-85-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-6" name="__codelineno-85-6" href="#__codelineno-85-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-7" name="__codelineno-85-7" href="#__codelineno-85-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-8" name="__codelineno-85-8" href="#__codelineno-85-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-9" name="__codelineno-85-9" href="#__codelineno-85-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-86-1" name="__codelineno-86-1" href="#__codelineno-86-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-2" name="__codelineno-86-2" href="#__codelineno-86-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-3" name="__codelineno-86-3" href="#__codelineno-86-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-4" name="__codelineno-86-4" href="#__codelineno-86-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-5" name="__codelineno-86-5" href="#__codelineno-86-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-6" name="__codelineno-86-6" href="#__codelineno-86-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-7" name="__codelineno-86-7" href="#__codelineno-86-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-8" name="__codelineno-86-8" href="#__codelineno-86-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-9" name="__codelineno-86-9" href="#__codelineno-86-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-87-1" name="__codelineno-87-1" href="#__codelineno-87-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-2" name="__codelineno-87-2" href="#__codelineno-87-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-3" name="__codelineno-87-3" href="#__codelineno-87-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-4" name="__codelineno-87-4" href="#__codelineno-87-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-5" name="__codelineno-87-5" href="#__codelineno-87-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-6" name="__codelineno-87-6" href="#__codelineno-87-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-7" name="__codelineno-87-7" href="#__codelineno-87-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-8" name="__codelineno-87-8" href="#__codelineno-87-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-9" name="__codelineno-87-9" href="#__codelineno-87-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-10" name="__codelineno-87-10" href="#__codelineno-87-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-11" name="__codelineno-87-11" href="#__codelineno-87-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-88-1" name="__codelineno-88-1" href="#__codelineno-88-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-2" name="__codelineno-88-2" href="#__codelineno-88-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-3" name="__codelineno-88-3" href="#__codelineno-88-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-4" name="__codelineno-88-4" href="#__codelineno-88-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-5" name="__codelineno-88-5" href="#__codelineno-88-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-6" name="__codelineno-88-6" href="#__codelineno-88-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-7" name="__codelineno-88-7" href="#__codelineno-88-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-8" name="__codelineno-88-8" href="#__codelineno-88-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-9" name="__codelineno-88-9" href="#__codelineno-88-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-10" name="__codelineno-88-10" href="#__codelineno-88-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-89-1" name="__codelineno-89-1" href="#__codelineno-89-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-2" name="__codelineno-89-2" href="#__codelineno-89-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-3" name="__codelineno-89-3" href="#__codelineno-89-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-4" name="__codelineno-89-4" href="#__codelineno-89-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-5" name="__codelineno-89-5" href="#__codelineno-89-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-6" name="__codelineno-89-6" href="#__codelineno-89-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-7" name="__codelineno-89-7" href="#__codelineno-89-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-8" name="__codelineno-89-8" href="#__codelineno-89-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-9" name="__codelineno-89-9" href="#__codelineno-89-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-10" name="__codelineno-89-10" href="#__codelineno-89-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-90-1" name="__codelineno-90-1" href="#__codelineno-90-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-2" name="__codelineno-90-2" href="#__codelineno-90-2"></a><span class="cm">File: recursion.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-3" name="__codelineno-90-3" href="#__codelineno-90-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-4" name="__codelineno-90-4" href="#__codelineno-90-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-5" name="__codelineno-90-5" href="#__codelineno-90-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-6" name="__codelineno-90-6" href="#__codelineno-90-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-7" name="__codelineno-90-7" href="#__codelineno-90-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-8" name="__codelineno-90-8" href="#__codelineno-90-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-9" name="__codelineno-90-9" href="#__codelineno-90-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-10" name="__codelineno-90-10" href="#__codelineno-90-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-11" name="__codelineno-90-11" href="#__codelineno-90-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-12" name="__codelineno-90-12" href="#__codelineno-90-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-13" name="__codelineno-90-13" href="#__codelineno-90-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-14" name="__codelineno-90-14" href="#__codelineno-90-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-15" name="__codelineno-90-15" href="#__codelineno-90-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-16" name="__codelineno-90-16" href="#__codelineno-90-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-17" name="__codelineno-90-17" href="#__codelineno-90-17"></a><span class="c1"># ## Имитация рекурсии итерацией ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-18" name="__codelineno-90-18" href="#__codelineno-90-18"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-19" name="__codelineno-90-19" href="#__codelineno-90-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-20" name="__codelineno-90-20" href="#__codelineno-90-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-21" name="__codelineno-90-21" href="#__codelineno-90-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-22" name="__codelineno-90-22" href="#__codelineno-90-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-23" name="__codelineno-90-23" href="#__codelineno-90-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-24" name="__codelineno-90-24" href="#__codelineno-90-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-25" name="__codelineno-90-25" href="#__codelineno-90-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-26" name="__codelineno-90-26" href="#__codelineno-90-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-27" name="__codelineno-90-27" href="#__codelineno-90-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-28" name="__codelineno-90-28" href="#__codelineno-90-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-29" name="__codelineno-90-29" href="#__codelineno-90-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-30" name="__codelineno-90-30" href="#__codelineno-90-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-31" name="__codelineno-90-31" href="#__codelineno-90-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-32" name="__codelineno-90-32" href="#__codelineno-90-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-33" name="__codelineno-90-33" href="#__codelineno-90-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-34" name="__codelineno-90-34" href="#__codelineno-90-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-35" name="__codelineno-90-35" href="#__codelineno-90-35"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-36" name="__codelineno-90-36" href="#__codelineno-90-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-37" name="__codelineno-90-37" href="#__codelineno-90-37"></a><span class="c1"># ## Хвостовая рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-38" name="__codelineno-90-38" href="#__codelineno-90-38"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-39" name="__codelineno-90-39" href="#__codelineno-90-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-40" name="__codelineno-90-40" href="#__codelineno-90-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-41" name="__codelineno-90-41" href="#__codelineno-90-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Хвостовой рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-42" name="__codelineno-90-42" href="#__codelineno-90-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tail_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-43" name="__codelineno-90-43" href="#__codelineno-90-43"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-44" name="__codelineno-90-44" href="#__codelineno-90-44"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-45" name="__codelineno-90-45" href="#__codelineno-90-45"></a><span class="c1"># ## Последовательность Фибоначчи: рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-46" name="__codelineno-90-46" href="#__codelineno-90-46"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-47" name="__codelineno-90-47" href="#__codelineno-90-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения: f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-48" name="__codelineno-90-48" href="#__codelineno-90-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-49" name="__codelineno-90-49" href="#__codelineno-90-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсивный вызов f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-50" name="__codelineno-90-50" href="#__codelineno-90-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-51" name="__codelineno-90-51" href="#__codelineno-90-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Вернуть результат f(n)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-52" name="__codelineno-90-52" href="#__codelineno-90-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-53" name="__codelineno-90-53" href="#__codelineno-90-53"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 459px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20fib%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20f%281%29%20%3D%200%2C%20f%282%29%20%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%201%20or%20n%20%3D%3D%202%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20n%20-%201%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%20f%28n%29%20%3D%20f%28n-1%29%20%2B%20f%28n-2%29%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fib%28n%20-%201%29%20%2B%20fib%28n%20-%202%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20f%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fib%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%20%D1%81%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%7Bn%7D%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20fib%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20f%281%29%20%3D%200%2C%20f%282%29%20%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3D%3D%201%20or%20n%20%3D%3D%202%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20n%20-%201%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%20f%28n%29%20%3D%20f%28n-1%29%20%2B%20f%28n-2%29%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fib%28n%20-%201%29%20%2B%20fib%28n%20-%202%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20f%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fib%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%20%D1%81%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%7Bn%7D%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>Если посмотреть на приведенный код, внутри функции выполняются два рекурсивных вызова, <strong>а это означает, что один вызов рождает две ветви вызова</strong>. Как показано на рисунке 2-6, при таком продолжении рекурсивных вызовов в итоге получается <u>дерево рекурсии (recursion tree)</u> глубиной <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> .</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Дерево рекурсии последовательности Фибоначчи" class="animation-figure" src="../iteration_and_recursion.assets/recursion_tree.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Рисунок 2-6 Дерево рекурсии последовательности Фибоначчи </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>По своей сути рекурсия воплощает парадигму "разбиения задачи на более мелкие подзадачи", и именно поэтому стратегия разделяй-и-властвуй столь важна.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>С точки зрения алгоритмов многие важнейшие стратегии, такие как поиск, сортировка, бэктрекинг, разделяй-и-властвуй и динамическое программирование, прямо или косвенно используют такой образ мышления.</li>
|
||
<li>С точки зрения структур данных рекурсия естественным образом подходит для решения задач, связанных со связными списками, деревьями и графами, потому что они хорошо поддаются анализу через идеи разделения задачи.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="223">2.2.3 Сравнение двух подходов<a class="headerlink" href="#223" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Обобщая все сказанное выше, можно представить различия между итерацией и рекурсией с точки зрения реализации, производительности и применимости в следующей таблице.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Таблица 2-1 Сравнение характеристик итерации и рекурсии </p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="center-table">
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th></th>
|
||
<th>Итерация</th>
|
||
<th>Рекурсия</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Реализация</td>
|
||
<td>Циклическая структура</td>
|
||
<td>Функция вызывает сама себя</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Временная эффективность</td>
|
||
<td>Обычно выше, так как нет накладных расходов на вызовы функций</td>
|
||
<td>Каждый вызов функции создает накладные расходы</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Использование памяти</td>
|
||
<td>Обычно требуется фиксированный объем памяти</td>
|
||
<td>Накопление вызовов функции может занимать много места в кадрах стека</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Подходящие задачи</td>
|
||
<td>Хорошо подходит для простых циклических задач, код интуитивен и легко читается</td>
|
||
<td>Хорошо подходит для разложения на подзадачи, например для деревьев, графов, разделяй-и-властвуй, бэктрекинга и т. д.; код при этом получается компактным и ясным</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p>Если тебе сложно понять дальнейшее содержание, можешь вернуться к нему после чтения главы о "стеке".</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Какова же внутренняя связь между итерацией и рекурсией? Если снова взять рекурсивную функцию выше, операция суммирования выполняется в фазе "подъема" рекурсии. Это означает, что функция, вызванная первой, на самом деле завершает сложение последней, <strong>и такой механизм очень похож на принцип стека "последним пришел - первым ушел"</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>На самом деле такие термины рекурсии, как "стек вызовов" и "пространство кадра стека", уже прямо намекают на тесную связь между рекурсией и стеком.</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>Спуск</strong>: когда вызывается функция, система выделяет для нее новый кадр стека в "стеке вызовов", чтобы хранить локальные переменные, параметры, адрес возврата и другие данные.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Подъем</strong>: когда функция завершает выполнение и возвращается, соответствующий кадр стека удаляется из "стека вызовов", а среда выполнения предыдущей функции восстанавливается.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>Поэтому <strong>мы можем использовать явный стек для имитации поведения стека вызовов</strong> и тем самым преобразовать рекурсию в итеративную форму:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="8:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_8_1" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_2" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_3" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_4" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_5" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_6" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_7" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_8" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_9" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_10" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_11" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_12" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_13" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_8_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_8_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_8_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_8_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_8_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_8_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_8_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_8_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_8_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_8_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_8_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_8_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_8_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-91-1" name="__codelineno-91-1" href="#__codelineno-91-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-2" name="__codelineno-91-2" href="#__codelineno-91-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Имитация рекурсии итерацией"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-3" name="__codelineno-91-3" href="#__codelineno-91-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-4" name="__codelineno-91-4" href="#__codelineno-91-4"></a> <span class="n">stack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-5" name="__codelineno-91-5" href="#__codelineno-91-5"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-6" name="__codelineno-91-6" href="#__codelineno-91-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-7" name="__codelineno-91-7" href="#__codelineno-91-7"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-8" name="__codelineno-91-8" href="#__codelineno-91-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-9" name="__codelineno-91-9" href="#__codelineno-91-9"></a> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-10" name="__codelineno-91-10" href="#__codelineno-91-10"></a> <span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-11" name="__codelineno-91-11" href="#__codelineno-91-11"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-12" name="__codelineno-91-12" href="#__codelineno-91-12"></a> <span class="c1"># Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-13" name="__codelineno-91-13" href="#__codelineno-91-13"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-14" name="__codelineno-91-14" href="#__codelineno-91-14"></a> <span class="c1"># res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-91-15" name="__codelineno-91-15" href="#__codelineno-91-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-92-1" name="__codelineno-92-1" href="#__codelineno-92-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-2" name="__codelineno-92-2" href="#__codelineno-92-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-3" name="__codelineno-92-3" href="#__codelineno-92-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-4" name="__codelineno-92-4" href="#__codelineno-92-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-5" name="__codelineno-92-5" href="#__codelineno-92-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-6" name="__codelineno-92-6" href="#__codelineno-92-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-7" name="__codelineno-92-7" href="#__codelineno-92-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-8" name="__codelineno-92-8" href="#__codelineno-92-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-9" name="__codelineno-92-9" href="#__codelineno-92-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-10" name="__codelineno-92-10" href="#__codelineno-92-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-11" name="__codelineno-92-11" href="#__codelineno-92-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-12" name="__codelineno-92-12" href="#__codelineno-92-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-13" name="__codelineno-92-13" href="#__codelineno-92-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-14" name="__codelineno-92-14" href="#__codelineno-92-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-15" name="__codelineno-92-15" href="#__codelineno-92-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-16" name="__codelineno-92-16" href="#__codelineno-92-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-17" name="__codelineno-92-17" href="#__codelineno-92-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-18" name="__codelineno-92-18" href="#__codelineno-92-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-92-19" name="__codelineno-92-19" href="#__codelineno-92-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-93-1" name="__codelineno-93-1" href="#__codelineno-93-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-2" name="__codelineno-93-2" href="#__codelineno-93-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-3" name="__codelineno-93-3" href="#__codelineno-93-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-4" name="__codelineno-93-4" href="#__codelineno-93-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-5" name="__codelineno-93-5" href="#__codelineno-93-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-6" name="__codelineno-93-6" href="#__codelineno-93-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-7" name="__codelineno-93-7" href="#__codelineno-93-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-8" name="__codelineno-93-8" href="#__codelineno-93-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-9" name="__codelineno-93-9" href="#__codelineno-93-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-10" name="__codelineno-93-10" href="#__codelineno-93-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-11" name="__codelineno-93-11" href="#__codelineno-93-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-12" name="__codelineno-93-12" href="#__codelineno-93-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-13" name="__codelineno-93-13" href="#__codelineno-93-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-14" name="__codelineno-93-14" href="#__codelineno-93-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-15" name="__codelineno-93-15" href="#__codelineno-93-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-16" name="__codelineno-93-16" href="#__codelineno-93-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-17" name="__codelineno-93-17" href="#__codelineno-93-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-93-18" name="__codelineno-93-18" href="#__codelineno-93-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-94-1" name="__codelineno-94-1" href="#__codelineno-94-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-2" name="__codelineno-94-2" href="#__codelineno-94-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ForLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-3" name="__codelineno-94-3" href="#__codelineno-94-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-4" name="__codelineno-94-4" href="#__codelineno-94-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-5" name="__codelineno-94-5" href="#__codelineno-94-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-6" name="__codelineno-94-6" href="#__codelineno-94-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-7" name="__codelineno-94-7" href="#__codelineno-94-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-8" name="__codelineno-94-8" href="#__codelineno-94-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-9" name="__codelineno-94-9" href="#__codelineno-94-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-10" name="__codelineno-94-10" href="#__codelineno-94-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-11" name="__codelineno-94-11" href="#__codelineno-94-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-12" name="__codelineno-94-12" href="#__codelineno-94-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-13" name="__codelineno-94-13" href="#__codelineno-94-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-14" name="__codelineno-94-14" href="#__codelineno-94-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-15" name="__codelineno-94-15" href="#__codelineno-94-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-16" name="__codelineno-94-16" href="#__codelineno-94-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-17" name="__codelineno-94-17" href="#__codelineno-94-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-94-18" name="__codelineno-94-18" href="#__codelineno-94-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-95-1" name="__codelineno-95-1" href="#__codelineno-95-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-2" name="__codelineno-95-2" href="#__codelineno-95-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-3" name="__codelineno-95-3" href="#__codelineno-95-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-4" name="__codelineno-95-4" href="#__codelineno-95-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-5" name="__codelineno-95-5" href="#__codelineno-95-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-6" name="__codelineno-95-6" href="#__codelineno-95-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-7" name="__codelineno-95-7" href="#__codelineno-95-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-8" name="__codelineno-95-8" href="#__codelineno-95-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-9" name="__codelineno-95-9" href="#__codelineno-95-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-10" name="__codelineno-95-10" href="#__codelineno-95-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-11" name="__codelineno-95-11" href="#__codelineno-95-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-12" name="__codelineno-95-12" href="#__codelineno-95-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-13" name="__codelineno-95-13" href="#__codelineno-95-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-14" name="__codelineno-95-14" href="#__codelineno-95-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Back</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">Value</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-15" name="__codelineno-95-15" href="#__codelineno-95-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Back</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-16" name="__codelineno-95-16" href="#__codelineno-95-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-17" name="__codelineno-95-17" href="#__codelineno-95-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-18" name="__codelineno-95-18" href="#__codelineno-95-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-95-19" name="__codelineno-95-19" href="#__codelineno-95-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-96-1" name="__codelineno-96-1" href="#__codelineno-96-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-2" name="__codelineno-96-2" href="#__codelineno-96-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-3" name="__codelineno-96-3" href="#__codelineno-96-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-4" name="__codelineno-96-4" href="#__codelineno-96-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-5" name="__codelineno-96-5" href="#__codelineno-96-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-6" name="__codelineno-96-6" href="#__codelineno-96-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-7" name="__codelineno-96-7" href="#__codelineno-96-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">reversed</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-8" name="__codelineno-96-8" href="#__codelineno-96-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-9" name="__codelineno-96-9" href="#__codelineno-96-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-10" name="__codelineno-96-10" href="#__codelineno-96-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-11" name="__codelineno-96-11" href="#__codelineno-96-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-12" name="__codelineno-96-12" href="#__codelineno-96-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-13" name="__codelineno-96-13" href="#__codelineno-96-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-14" name="__codelineno-96-14" href="#__codelineno-96-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-15" name="__codelineno-96-15" href="#__codelineno-96-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-16" name="__codelineno-96-16" href="#__codelineno-96-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-17" name="__codelineno-96-17" href="#__codelineno-96-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-96-18" name="__codelineno-96-18" href="#__codelineno-96-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-97-1" name="__codelineno-97-1" href="#__codelineno-97-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-2" name="__codelineno-97-2" href="#__codelineno-97-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-3" name="__codelineno-97-3" href="#__codelineno-97-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-4" name="__codelineno-97-4" href="#__codelineno-97-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-5" name="__codelineno-97-5" href="#__codelineno-97-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-6" name="__codelineno-97-6" href="#__codelineno-97-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-7" name="__codelineno-97-7" href="#__codelineno-97-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-8" name="__codelineno-97-8" href="#__codelineno-97-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-9" name="__codelineno-97-9" href="#__codelineno-97-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-10" name="__codelineno-97-10" href="#__codelineno-97-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-11" name="__codelineno-97-11" href="#__codelineno-97-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-12" name="__codelineno-97-12" href="#__codelineno-97-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-13" name="__codelineno-97-13" href="#__codelineno-97-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-14" name="__codelineno-97-14" href="#__codelineno-97-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-15" name="__codelineno-97-15" href="#__codelineno-97-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-16" name="__codelineno-97-16" href="#__codelineno-97-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-17" name="__codelineno-97-17" href="#__codelineno-97-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-97-18" name="__codelineno-97-18" href="#__codelineno-97-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-98-1" name="__codelineno-98-1" href="#__codelineno-98-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-2" name="__codelineno-98-2" href="#__codelineno-98-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-3" name="__codelineno-98-3" href="#__codelineno-98-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-4" name="__codelineno-98-4" href="#__codelineno-98-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-5" name="__codelineno-98-5" href="#__codelineno-98-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-6" name="__codelineno-98-6" href="#__codelineno-98-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-7" name="__codelineno-98-7" href="#__codelineno-98-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-8" name="__codelineno-98-8" href="#__codelineno-98-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-9" name="__codelineno-98-9" href="#__codelineno-98-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-10" name="__codelineno-98-10" href="#__codelineno-98-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-11" name="__codelineno-98-11" href="#__codelineno-98-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-12" name="__codelineno-98-12" href="#__codelineno-98-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-13" name="__codelineno-98-13" href="#__codelineno-98-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-14" name="__codelineno-98-14" href="#__codelineno-98-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-15" name="__codelineno-98-15" href="#__codelineno-98-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-16" name="__codelineno-98-16" href="#__codelineno-98-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-17" name="__codelineno-98-17" href="#__codelineno-98-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-98-18" name="__codelineno-98-18" href="#__codelineno-98-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-99-1" name="__codelineno-99-1" href="#__codelineno-99-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-2" name="__codelineno-99-2" href="#__codelineno-99-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-3" name="__codelineno-99-3" href="#__codelineno-99-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-4" name="__codelineno-99-4" href="#__codelineno-99-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-5" name="__codelineno-99-5" href="#__codelineno-99-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-6" name="__codelineno-99-6" href="#__codelineno-99-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-7" name="__codelineno-99-7" href="#__codelineno-99-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-8" name="__codelineno-99-8" href="#__codelineno-99-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-9" name="__codelineno-99-9" href="#__codelineno-99-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-10" name="__codelineno-99-10" href="#__codelineno-99-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-11" name="__codelineno-99-11" href="#__codelineno-99-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-12" name="__codelineno-99-12" href="#__codelineno-99-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-13" name="__codelineno-99-13" href="#__codelineno-99-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-14" name="__codelineno-99-14" href="#__codelineno-99-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-15" name="__codelineno-99-15" href="#__codelineno-99-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-16" name="__codelineno-99-16" href="#__codelineno-99-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-17" name="__codelineno-99-17" href="#__codelineno-99-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-99-18" name="__codelineno-99-18" href="#__codelineno-99-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-100-1" name="__codelineno-100-1" href="#__codelineno-100-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-2" name="__codelineno-100-2" href="#__codelineno-100-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-3" name="__codelineno-100-3" href="#__codelineno-100-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-4" name="__codelineno-100-4" href="#__codelineno-100-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-5" name="__codelineno-100-5" href="#__codelineno-100-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-6" name="__codelineno-100-6" href="#__codelineno-100-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-7" name="__codelineno-100-7" href="#__codelineno-100-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..=</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-8" name="__codelineno-100-8" href="#__codelineno-100-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-9" name="__codelineno-100-9" href="#__codelineno-100-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-10" name="__codelineno-100-10" href="#__codelineno-100-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-11" name="__codelineno-100-11" href="#__codelineno-100-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-12" name="__codelineno-100-12" href="#__codelineno-100-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-13" name="__codelineno-100-13" href="#__codelineno-100-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-14" name="__codelineno-100-14" href="#__codelineno-100-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-15" name="__codelineno-100-15" href="#__codelineno-100-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-16" name="__codelineno-100-16" href="#__codelineno-100-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-17" name="__codelineno-100-17" href="#__codelineno-100-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-100-18" name="__codelineno-100-18" href="#__codelineno-100-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-101-1" name="__codelineno-101-1" href="#__codelineno-101-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-2" name="__codelineno-101-2" href="#__codelineno-101-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-3" name="__codelineno-101-3" href="#__codelineno-101-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать большой массив для имитации стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-4" name="__codelineno-101-4" href="#__codelineno-101-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Индекс вершины стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-5" name="__codelineno-101-5" href="#__codelineno-101-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-6" name="__codelineno-101-6" href="#__codelineno-101-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-7" name="__codelineno-101-7" href="#__codelineno-101-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-8" name="__codelineno-101-8" href="#__codelineno-101-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-9" name="__codelineno-101-9" href="#__codelineno-101-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-10" name="__codelineno-101-10" href="#__codelineno-101-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-11" name="__codelineno-101-11" href="#__codelineno-101-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-12" name="__codelineno-101-12" href="#__codelineno-101-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-13" name="__codelineno-101-13" href="#__codelineno-101-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-14" name="__codelineno-101-14" href="#__codelineno-101-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-15" name="__codelineno-101-15" href="#__codelineno-101-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-16" name="__codelineno-101-16" href="#__codelineno-101-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-17" name="__codelineno-101-17" href="#__codelineno-101-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-101-18" name="__codelineno-101-18" href="#__codelineno-101-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-102-1" name="__codelineno-102-1" href="#__codelineno-102-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Имитация рекурсии итерацией */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-2" name="__codelineno-102-2" href="#__codelineno-102-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">forLoopRecur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-3" name="__codelineno-102-3" href="#__codelineno-102-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-4" name="__codelineno-102-4" href="#__codelineno-102-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-5" name="__codelineno-102-5" href="#__codelineno-102-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-6" name="__codelineno-102-6" href="#__codelineno-102-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Рекурсивный шаг: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-7" name="__codelineno-102-7" href="#__codelineno-102-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">downTo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-8" name="__codelineno-102-8" href="#__codelineno-102-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-9" name="__codelineno-102-9" href="#__codelineno-102-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-10" name="__codelineno-102-10" href="#__codelineno-102-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-11" name="__codelineno-102-11" href="#__codelineno-102-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-12" name="__codelineno-102-12" href="#__codelineno-102-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isNotEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-13" name="__codelineno-102-13" href="#__codelineno-102-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Имитировать «возврат» с помощью операции извлечения из стека</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-14" name="__codelineno-102-14" href="#__codelineno-102-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-15" name="__codelineno-102-15" href="#__codelineno-102-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-16" name="__codelineno-102-16" href="#__codelineno-102-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-17" name="__codelineno-102-17" href="#__codelineno-102-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-102-18" name="__codelineno-102-18" href="#__codelineno-102-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">recursion.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-103-1" name="__codelineno-103-1" href="#__codelineno-103-1"></a><span class="cm">=begin</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-2" name="__codelineno-103-2" href="#__codelineno-103-2"></a><span class="cm">File: recursion.rb</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-3" name="__codelineno-103-3" href="#__codelineno-103-3"></a><span class="cm">Created Time: 2024-03-30</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-4" name="__codelineno-103-4" href="#__codelineno-103-4"></a><span class="cm">Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-5" name="__codelineno-103-5" href="#__codelineno-103-5"></a><span class="cm">=end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-6" name="__codelineno-103-6" href="#__codelineno-103-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-7" name="__codelineno-103-7" href="#__codelineno-103-7"></a><span class="c1"># ## Рекурсия ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-8" name="__codelineno-103-8" href="#__codelineno-103-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-9" name="__codelineno-103-9" href="#__codelineno-103-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Условие завершения</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-10" name="__codelineno-103-10" href="#__codelineno-103-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-11" name="__codelineno-103-11" href="#__codelineno-103-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-12" name="__codelineno-103-12" href="#__codelineno-103-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-13" name="__codelineno-103-13" href="#__codelineno-103-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-14" name="__codelineno-103-14" href="#__codelineno-103-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-15" name="__codelineno-103-15" href="#__codelineno-103-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-16" name="__codelineno-103-16" href="#__codelineno-103-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-17" name="__codelineno-103-17" href="#__codelineno-103-17"></a><span class="c1"># ## Имитация рекурсии итерацией ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-18" name="__codelineno-103-18" href="#__codelineno-103-18"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">for_loop_recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-19" name="__codelineno-103-19" href="#__codelineno-103-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Использовать явный стек для имитации системного стека вызовов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-20" name="__codelineno-103-20" href="#__codelineno-103-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-21" name="__codelineno-103-21" href="#__codelineno-103-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-22" name="__codelineno-103-22" href="#__codelineno-103-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-23" name="__codelineno-103-23" href="#__codelineno-103-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Рекурсия: рекурсивный вызов</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-24" name="__codelineno-103-24" href="#__codelineno-103-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-25" name="__codelineno-103-25" href="#__codelineno-103-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Имитировать «рекурсию» с помощью операции помещения в стек</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-26" name="__codelineno-103-26" href="#__codelineno-103-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-27" name="__codelineno-103-27" href="#__codelineno-103-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-28" name="__codelineno-103-28" href="#__codelineno-103-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Возврат: вернуть результат</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-29" name="__codelineno-103-29" href="#__codelineno-103-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-30" name="__codelineno-103-30" href="#__codelineno-103-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-31" name="__codelineno-103-31" href="#__codelineno-103-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-32" name="__codelineno-103-32" href="#__codelineno-103-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-33" name="__codelineno-103-33" href="#__codelineno-103-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># res = 1+2+3+...+n</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-34" name="__codelineno-103-34" href="#__codelineno-103-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-103-35" name="__codelineno-103-35" href="#__codelineno-103-35"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Визуализация кода</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20for_loop_recur%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20stack%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28n%2C%200%2C%20-1%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%C2%AB%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%C2%BB%20%D1%81%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20stack.append%28i%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%3A%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%0A%20%20%20%20while%20stack%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%C2%AB%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%C2%BB%20%D1%81%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20stack.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20res%20%3D%201%2B2%2B3%2B...%2Bn%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20for_loop_recur%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20for_loop_recur%28n%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20stack%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28n%2C%200%2C%20-1%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%C2%AB%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%C2%BB%20%D1%81%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20stack.append%28i%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%3A%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%0A%20%20%20%20while%20stack%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%C2%AB%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%C2%BB%20%D1%81%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C%D1%8E%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20stack.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20res%20%3D%201%2B2%2B3%2B...%2Bn%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%205%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20for_loop_recur%28n%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%5Cn%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Во весь экран ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>Если посмотреть на приведенный выше код, видно, что после преобразования рекурсии в итерацию код становится сложнее. Хотя во многих случаях итерация и рекурсия действительно могут быть преобразованы друг в друга, это не всегда стоит делать по двум причинам.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Преобразованный код может стать труднее для понимания и менее читаемым.</li>
|
||
<li>Для некоторых сложных задач имитация поведения системного стека вызовов может оказаться очень трудной.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Итак, <strong>выбор между итерацией и рекурсией зависит от природы конкретной задачи</strong>. В практическом программировании крайне важно взвешивать плюсы и минусы обоих подходов и выбирать подходящий метод с учетом контекста.</p>
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2.1 Оценка эффективности алгоритмов
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2.3 Временная сложность
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2.1 Оценка эффективности алгоритмов
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Вперед
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2.3 Временная сложность
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