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hello-algo/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.swift
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nuomi1 7f8b0fff54 feat: add Swift codes for hash_collision article (#569)
* feat: add Swift codes for hash_collision article

* refactor: extract common Pair

* Update hash_map.md

---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>
2023-07-01 20:39:55 +08:00

159 lines
4.6 KiB
Swift

/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.swift
* Created Time: 2023-06-28
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
*/
import utils
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
var size: Int // 键值对数量
var capacity: Int // 哈希表容量
var loadThres: Double // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
var extendRatio: Int // 扩容倍数
var buckets: [Pair?] // 桶数组
var removed: Pair // 删除标记
/* 构造方法 */
init() {
size = 0
capacity = 4
loadThres = 2 / 3
extendRatio = 2
buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)
removed = Pair(key: -1, val: "-1")
}
/* 哈希函数 */
func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {
key % capacity
}
/* 负载因子 */
func loadFactor() -> Double {
Double(size / capacity)
}
/* 查询操作 */
func get(key: Int) -> String? {
let index = hashFunc(key: key)
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
let j = (index + i) % capacity
// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 nil
if buckets[j] == nil {
return nil
}
// 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val
if buckets[j]?.key == key, buckets[j] != removed {
return buckets[j]?.val
}
}
return nil
}
/* 添加操作 */
func put(key: Int, val: String) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if loadFactor() > loadThres {
extend()
}
let index = hashFunc(key: key)
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for i in stride(from: 0, through: capacity, by: 1) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
let j = (index + i) % capacity
// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶
if buckets[j] == nil || buckets[j] == removed {
buckets[j] = Pair(key: key, val: val)
size += 1
return
}
// 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val
if buckets[j]?.key == key {
buckets[j]?.val = val
return
}
}
}
/* 删除操作 */
func remove(key: Int) {
let index = hashFunc(key: key)
// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
let j = (index + i) % capacity
// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回
if buckets[j] == nil {
return
}
// 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回
if buckets[j]?.key == key {
buckets[j] = removed
size -= 1
return
}
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
func extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
let bucketsTmp = buckets
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio
buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)
size = 0
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for pair in bucketsTmp {
if let pair, pair != removed {
put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
func print() {
for pair in buckets {
if let pair {
Swift.print("\(pair.key) -> \(pair.val)")
} else {
Swift.print("null")
}
}
}
}
@main
enum _HashMapOpenAddressing {
/* Driver Code */
static func main() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
let map = HashMapOpenAddressing()
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
map.put(key: 12836, val: "小哈")
map.put(key: 15937, val: "小啰")
map.put(key: 16750, val: "小算")
map.put(key: 13276, val: "小法")
map.put(key: 10583, val: "小鸭")
print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
map.print()
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
let name = map.get(key: 13276)
print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 \(name!)")
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
map.remove(key: 16750)
print("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value")
map.print()
}
}