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Chapter 0. Preface
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Chapter 2. Complexity Analysis
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2.1 Algorithm Efficiency Evaluation
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2.2 Iteration and Recursion
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2.3 Time Complexity
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2.4 Space Complexity
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|
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4.4 Memory and Cache *
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21zm-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54zM19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"/></svg>
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
||
|
||
Chapter 6. Hashing
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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|
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Chapter 6. Hashing
|
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|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 Hash Table
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 Hash Collision
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 Hash Algorithm
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
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||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1"/></svg>
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 7. Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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|
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Chapter 7. Tree
|
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|
||
|
||
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Binary Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 Binary Tree Traversal
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 Array Representation of Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 Binary Search Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 AVL Tree *
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 8. Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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|
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Chapter 8. Heap
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.1 Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.2 Building a Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.3 Top-K Problem
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
|
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|
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|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59zM6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43s.83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53zM12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68s1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25zm2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 9. Graph
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 9. Graph
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.1 Graph
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.2 Basic Operations on Graphs
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.3 Graph Traversal
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4zM3 16v-2h6v2zm0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.1 Binary Search
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.2 Binary Search Insertion
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.3 Binary Search Edge Cases
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.4 Hash Optimization Strategy
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.5 Search Algorithms Revisited
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.1 Sorting Algorithms
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.2 Selection Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.3 Bubble Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.4 Insertion Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.5 Quick Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.6 Merge Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.7 Heap Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.8 Bucket Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.9 Counting Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.10 Radix Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.11 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
||
|
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|
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Chapter 12. Divide and Conquer
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Chapter 12. Divide and Conquer
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12.1 Divide and Conquer Algorithms
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12.2 Divide and Conquer Search Strategy
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12.3 Building a Binary Tree Problem
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12.4 Hanoi Tower Problem
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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13.1 Backtracking Algorithm
|
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13.2 Permutations Problem
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13.3 Subset-Sum Problem
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13.4 N-Queens Problem
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13.5 Summary
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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Chapter 14. Dynamic Programming
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14.1 Introduction to Dynamic Programming
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14.2 Characteristics of Dynamic Programming Problems
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14.3 Dynamic Programming Problem-Solving Approach
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14.4 0-1 Knapsack Problem
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14.5 Unbounded Knapsack Problem
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14.6 Edit Distance Problem
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14.7 Summary
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Chapter 15. Greedy
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<h1 id="41-array">4.1 Array<a class="headerlink" href="#41-array" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>An <u>array</u> is a linear data structure that stores elements of the same type in contiguous memory space. The position of an element in the array is called the element's <u>index</u>. Figure 4-1 illustrates the main concepts and storage method of arrays.</p>
|
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../array.assets/array_definition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Array definition and storage method" class="animation-figure" src="../array.assets/array_definition.png" /></a></p>
|
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<p align="center"> Figure 4-1 Array definition and storage method </p>
|
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|
||
<h2 id="411-common-array-operations">4.1.1 Common Array Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#411-common-array-operations" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="1-initializing-arrays">1. Initializing Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#1-initializing-arrays" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>We can choose between two array initialization methods based on our needs: without initial values or with given initial values. When no initial values are specified, most programming languages will initialize array elements to <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>:</p>
|
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1"># [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="c1">// Stored on stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="c1">// Stored on heap (requires manual memory release)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="c1">// In Go, specifying length ([5]int) creates an array; not specifying length ([]int) creates a slice</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="c1">// Since Go's arrays are designed to have their length determined at compile time, only constants can be used to specify the length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="c1">// For convenience in implementing the extend() method, slices are treated as arrays below</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">slice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="c1">// In Rust, specifying length ([i32; 5]) creates an array; not specifying length (&[i32]) creates a slice</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="c1">// Since Rust's arrays are designed to have their length determined at compile time, only constants can be used to specify the length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="c1">// Vector is the type generally used as a dynamic array in Rust</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="c1">// For convenience in implementing the extend() method, vectors are treated as arrays below</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">intArrayOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 243px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Aarr%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%205%20%20%23%20%5B%200,%200,%200,%200,%200%20%5D%0Anums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Aarr%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%205%20%20%23%20%5B%200,%200,%200,%200,%200%20%5D%0Anums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=0&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h3 id="2-accessing-elements">2. Accessing Elements<a class="headerlink" href="#2-accessing-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Array elements are stored in contiguous memory space, which means calculating the memory address of array elements is very easy. Given the array's memory address (the memory address of the first element) and an element's index, we can use the formula shown in Figure 4-2 to calculate the element's memory address and directly access that element.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../array.assets/array_memory_location_calculation.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Memory address calculation for array elements" class="animation-figure" src="../array.assets/array_memory_location_calculation.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 4-2 Memory address calculation for array elements </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Observing Figure 4-2, we find that the first element of an array has an index of <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>, which may seem counterintuitive since counting from <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> would be more natural. However, from the perspective of the address calculation formula, <strong>an index is essentially an offset from the memory address</strong>. The address offset of the first element is <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>, so it is reasonable for its index to be <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>.</p>
|
||
<p>Accessing elements in an array is highly efficient; we can randomly access any element in the array in <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> time.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">random_access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Random access to element"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Randomly select a number from the interval [0, len(nums)-1]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="n">random_index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a> <span class="c1"># Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="n">random_num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">random_num</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number from interval [0, size)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ThreadLocalRandom</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">current</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="na">nextInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">RandomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Random</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in interval [0, nums.Length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">randomIndex</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in interval [0, nums.count)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">randomElement</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">!</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">random</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">random_index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">random</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">random_index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">random_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Random</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">nextInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">random_access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in interval [0, nums.len())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">thread_rng</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">gen_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random_num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number from interval [0, size)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Random access to element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">randomAccess</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Randomly select a number in interval [0, nums.size)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">randomIndex</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ThreadLocalRandom</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">current</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="na">nextInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">randomNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">randomIndex</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">randomNum</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="c1">### Random access element ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">random_access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Randomly select a number in the interval [0, nums.length)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">Random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Retrieve and return the random element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">random_index</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="3-inserting-elements">3. Inserting Elements<a class="headerlink" href="#3-inserting-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Array elements are stored "tightly adjacent" in memory, with no space between them to store any additional data. As shown in Figure 4-3, if we want to insert an element in the middle of an array, we need to shift all elements after that position backward by one position, and then assign the value to that index.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../array.assets/array_insert_element.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Example of inserting an element into an array" class="animation-figure" src="../array.assets/array_insert_element.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 4-3 Example of inserting an element into an array </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>It is worth noting that since the length of an array is fixed, inserting an element will inevitably cause the element at the end of the array to be "lost". We will leave the solution to this problem for discussion in the "List" chapter.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Insert element num at index index in the array"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-7" name="__codelineno-28-7" href="#__codelineno-28-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-8" name="__codelineno-28-8" href="#__codelineno-28-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-9" name="__codelineno-28-9" href="#__codelineno-28-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-8" name="__codelineno-30-8" href="#__codelineno-30-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-9" name="__codelineno-30-9" href="#__codelineno-30-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">dropFirst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">reversed</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-8" name="__codelineno-32-8" href="#__codelineno-32-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-9" name="__codelineno-32-9" href="#__codelineno-32-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-8" name="__codelineno-33-8" href="#__codelineno-33-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-9" name="__codelineno-33-9" href="#__codelineno-33-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element _num at array index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign _num to element at index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-8" name="__codelineno-34-8" href="#__codelineno-34-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-9" name="__codelineno-34-9" href="#__codelineno-34-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-7" name="__codelineno-36-7" href="#__codelineno-36-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-8" name="__codelineno-36-8" href="#__codelineno-36-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-9" name="__codelineno-36-9" href="#__codelineno-36-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Insert element num at index index in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">downTo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7" href="#__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8" href="#__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9" href="#__codelineno-37-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="c1">### Insert element num at index in array ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Move all elements at and after index index backward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7" href="#__codelineno-38-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8" href="#__codelineno-38-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Assign num to the element at index index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9" href="#__codelineno-38-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10" href="#__codelineno-38-10"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="4-removing-elements">4. Removing Elements<a class="headerlink" href="#4-removing-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Similarly, as shown in Figure 4-4, to delete the element at index <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span>, we need to shift all elements after index <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> forward by one position.</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../array.assets/array_remove_element.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Example of removing an element from an array" class="animation-figure" src="../array.assets/array_remove_element.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 4-4 Example of removing an element from an array </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Note that after the deletion is complete, the original last element becomes "meaningless", so we do not need to specifically modify it.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_7" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_8" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_9" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_10" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_11" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_12" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_13" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_4_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_4_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_4_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_4_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_4_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_4_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_4_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_4_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2" href="#__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Remove the element at index index"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4" href="#__codelineno-39-4"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5" href="#__codelineno-39-5"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-5" name="__codelineno-42-5" href="#__codelineno-42-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-6" name="__codelineno-42-6" href="#__codelineno-42-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-42-7" name="__codelineno-42-7" href="#__codelineno-42-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-2" name="__codelineno-43-2" href="#__codelineno-43-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-4" name="__codelineno-43-4" href="#__codelineno-43-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-5" name="__codelineno-43-5" href="#__codelineno-43-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-6" name="__codelineno-43-6" href="#__codelineno-43-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-43-7" name="__codelineno-43-7" href="#__codelineno-43-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">dropFirst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="bp">dropLast</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-5" name="__codelineno-44-5" href="#__codelineno-44-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-6" name="__codelineno-44-6" href="#__codelineno-44-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-44-7" name="__codelineno-44-7" href="#__codelineno-44-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-45-1" name="__codelineno-45-1" href="#__codelineno-45-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-2" name="__codelineno-45-2" href="#__codelineno-45-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-3" name="__codelineno-45-3" href="#__codelineno-45-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-4" name="__codelineno-45-4" href="#__codelineno-45-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-5" name="__codelineno-45-5" href="#__codelineno-45-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-6" name="__codelineno-45-6" href="#__codelineno-45-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-45-7" name="__codelineno-45-7" href="#__codelineno-45-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-4" name="__codelineno-46-4" href="#__codelineno-46-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-5" name="__codelineno-46-5" href="#__codelineno-46-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-6" name="__codelineno-46-6" href="#__codelineno-46-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-46-7" name="__codelineno-46-7" href="#__codelineno-46-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-48-1" name="__codelineno-48-1" href="#__codelineno-48-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-2" name="__codelineno-48-2" href="#__codelineno-48-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-3" name="__codelineno-48-3" href="#__codelineno-48-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-4" name="__codelineno-48-4" href="#__codelineno-48-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-5" name="__codelineno-48-5" href="#__codelineno-48-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-6" name="__codelineno-48-6" href="#__codelineno-48-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-48-7" name="__codelineno-48-7" href="#__codelineno-48-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-49-1" name="__codelineno-49-1" href="#__codelineno-49-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-2" name="__codelineno-49-2" href="#__codelineno-49-2"></a><span class="c1">// Note: stdio.h occupies the remove keyword</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-3" name="__codelineno-49-3" href="#__codelineno-49-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">removeItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-4" name="__codelineno-49-4" href="#__codelineno-49-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-5" name="__codelineno-49-5" href="#__codelineno-49-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-6" name="__codelineno-49-6" href="#__codelineno-49-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-7" name="__codelineno-49-7" href="#__codelineno-49-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-49-8" name="__codelineno-49-8" href="#__codelineno-49-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-50-1" name="__codelineno-50-1" href="#__codelineno-50-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the element at index index */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-2" name="__codelineno-50-2" href="#__codelineno-50-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-3" name="__codelineno-50-3" href="#__codelineno-50-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-4" name="__codelineno-50-4" href="#__codelineno-50-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-5" name="__codelineno-50-5" href="#__codelineno-50-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-6" name="__codelineno-50-6" href="#__codelineno-50-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-50-7" name="__codelineno-50-7" href="#__codelineno-50-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="c1">### Delete element at index ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Move all elements after index index forward by one position</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-4" name="__codelineno-51-4" href="#__codelineno-51-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-5" name="__codelineno-51-5" href="#__codelineno-51-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-6" name="__codelineno-51-6" href="#__codelineno-51-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-51-7" name="__codelineno-51-7" href="#__codelineno-51-7"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Overall, array insertion and deletion operations have the following drawbacks:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>High time complexity</strong>: The average time complexity for both insertion and deletion in arrays is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span>, where <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> is the length of the array.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Loss of elements</strong>: Since the length of an array is immutable, after inserting an element, elements that exceed the array's length will be lost.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Memory waste</strong>: We can initialize a relatively long array and only use the front portion, so that when inserting data, the lost elements at the end are "meaningless", but this causes some memory space to be wasted.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="5-traversing-arrays">5. Traversing Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#5-traversing-arrays" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>In most programming languages, we can traverse an array either by index or by directly iterating through each element in the array:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-52-1" name="__codelineno-52-1" href="#__codelineno-52-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-2" name="__codelineno-52-2" href="#__codelineno-52-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Traverse array"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-3" name="__codelineno-52-3" href="#__codelineno-52-3"></a> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-4" name="__codelineno-52-4" href="#__codelineno-52-4"></a> <span class="c1"># Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-5" name="__codelineno-52-5" href="#__codelineno-52-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-6" name="__codelineno-52-6" href="#__codelineno-52-6"></a> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-7" name="__codelineno-52-7" href="#__codelineno-52-7"></a> <span class="c1"># Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-8" name="__codelineno-52-8" href="#__codelineno-52-8"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-9" name="__codelineno-52-9" href="#__codelineno-52-9"></a> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-10" name="__codelineno-52-10" href="#__codelineno-52-10"></a> <span class="c1"># Traverse simultaneously data index and elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-11" name="__codelineno-52-11" href="#__codelineno-52-11"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-12" name="__codelineno-52-12" href="#__codelineno-52-12"></a> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-52-13" name="__codelineno-52-13" href="#__codelineno-52-13"></a> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-53-1" name="__codelineno-53-1" href="#__codelineno-53-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-2" name="__codelineno-53-2" href="#__codelineno-53-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-3" name="__codelineno-53-3" href="#__codelineno-53-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-4" name="__codelineno-53-4" href="#__codelineno-53-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-5" name="__codelineno-53-5" href="#__codelineno-53-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-6" name="__codelineno-53-6" href="#__codelineno-53-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-7" name="__codelineno-53-7" href="#__codelineno-53-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-53-8" name="__codelineno-53-8" href="#__codelineno-53-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-2" name="__codelineno-54-2" href="#__codelineno-54-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-3" name="__codelineno-54-3" href="#__codelineno-54-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-4" name="__codelineno-54-4" href="#__codelineno-54-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-5" name="__codelineno-54-5" href="#__codelineno-54-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-6" name="__codelineno-54-6" href="#__codelineno-54-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-7" name="__codelineno-54-7" href="#__codelineno-54-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-8" name="__codelineno-54-8" href="#__codelineno-54-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-9" name="__codelineno-54-9" href="#__codelineno-54-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-10" name="__codelineno-54-10" href="#__codelineno-54-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-11" name="__codelineno-54-11" href="#__codelineno-54-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-54-12" name="__codelineno-54-12" href="#__codelineno-54-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-55-1" name="__codelineno-55-1" href="#__codelineno-55-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-2" name="__codelineno-55-2" href="#__codelineno-55-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-3" name="__codelineno-55-3" href="#__codelineno-55-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-55-12" name="__codelineno-55-12" href="#__codelineno-55-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-56-1" name="__codelineno-56-1" href="#__codelineno-56-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-2" name="__codelineno-56-2" href="#__codelineno-56-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-3" name="__codelineno-56-3" href="#__codelineno-56-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-4" name="__codelineno-56-4" href="#__codelineno-56-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-5" name="__codelineno-56-5" href="#__codelineno-56-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-6" name="__codelineno-56-6" href="#__codelineno-56-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-7" name="__codelineno-56-7" href="#__codelineno-56-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-8" name="__codelineno-56-8" href="#__codelineno-56-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-9" name="__codelineno-56-9" href="#__codelineno-56-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-10" name="__codelineno-56-10" href="#__codelineno-56-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-11" name="__codelineno-56-11" href="#__codelineno-56-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-12" name="__codelineno-56-12" href="#__codelineno-56-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-13" name="__codelineno-56-13" href="#__codelineno-56-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse simultaneously data index and elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-14" name="__codelineno-56-14" href="#__codelineno-56-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-15" name="__codelineno-56-15" href="#__codelineno-56-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-16" name="__codelineno-56-16" href="#__codelineno-56-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-17" name="__codelineno-56-17" href="#__codelineno-56-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-56-18" name="__codelineno-56-18" href="#__codelineno-56-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-57-1" name="__codelineno-57-1" href="#__codelineno-57-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-2" name="__codelineno-57-2" href="#__codelineno-57-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-3" name="__codelineno-57-3" href="#__codelineno-57-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-4" name="__codelineno-57-4" href="#__codelineno-57-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-5" name="__codelineno-57-5" href="#__codelineno-57-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-6" name="__codelineno-57-6" href="#__codelineno-57-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-7" name="__codelineno-57-7" href="#__codelineno-57-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-8" name="__codelineno-57-8" href="#__codelineno-57-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-9" name="__codelineno-57-9" href="#__codelineno-57-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-10" name="__codelineno-57-10" href="#__codelineno-57-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-11" name="__codelineno-57-11" href="#__codelineno-57-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-12" name="__codelineno-57-12" href="#__codelineno-57-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse simultaneously data index and elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-13" name="__codelineno-57-13" href="#__codelineno-57-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">enumerated</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-14" name="__codelineno-57-14" href="#__codelineno-57-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-15" name="__codelineno-57-15" href="#__codelineno-57-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-16" name="__codelineno-57-16" href="#__codelineno-57-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-57-17" name="__codelineno-57-17" href="#__codelineno-57-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-58-1" name="__codelineno-58-1" href="#__codelineno-58-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-2" name="__codelineno-58-2" href="#__codelineno-58-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-3" name="__codelineno-58-3" href="#__codelineno-58-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-4" name="__codelineno-58-4" href="#__codelineno-58-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-5" name="__codelineno-58-5" href="#__codelineno-58-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-6" name="__codelineno-58-6" href="#__codelineno-58-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-7" name="__codelineno-58-7" href="#__codelineno-58-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-8" name="__codelineno-58-8" href="#__codelineno-58-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-9" name="__codelineno-58-9" href="#__codelineno-58-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-10" name="__codelineno-58-10" href="#__codelineno-58-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-11" name="__codelineno-58-11" href="#__codelineno-58-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-58-12" name="__codelineno-58-12" href="#__codelineno-58-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-59-1" name="__codelineno-59-1" href="#__codelineno-59-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-2" name="__codelineno-59-2" href="#__codelineno-59-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-3" name="__codelineno-59-3" href="#__codelineno-59-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-4" name="__codelineno-59-4" href="#__codelineno-59-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-5" name="__codelineno-59-5" href="#__codelineno-59-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-6" name="__codelineno-59-6" href="#__codelineno-59-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-7" name="__codelineno-59-7" href="#__codelineno-59-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-8" name="__codelineno-59-8" href="#__codelineno-59-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-9" name="__codelineno-59-9" href="#__codelineno-59-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-10" name="__codelineno-59-10" href="#__codelineno-59-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-11" name="__codelineno-59-11" href="#__codelineno-59-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-59-12" name="__codelineno-59-12" href="#__codelineno-59-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-60-1" name="__codelineno-60-1" href="#__codelineno-60-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-2" name="__codelineno-60-2" href="#__codelineno-60-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-3" name="__codelineno-60-3" href="#__codelineno-60-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-4" name="__codelineno-60-4" href="#__codelineno-60-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-5" name="__codelineno-60-5" href="#__codelineno-60-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-6" name="__codelineno-60-6" href="#__codelineno-60-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-7" name="__codelineno-60-7" href="#__codelineno-60-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-8" name="__codelineno-60-8" href="#__codelineno-60-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-9" name="__codelineno-60-9" href="#__codelineno-60-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-10" name="__codelineno-60-10" href="#__codelineno-60-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-11" name="__codelineno-60-11" href="#__codelineno-60-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-12" name="__codelineno-60-12" href="#__codelineno-60-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array using forEach method</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-13" name="__codelineno-60-13" href="#__codelineno-60-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">forEach</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-14" name="__codelineno-60-14" href="#__codelineno-60-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-15" name="__codelineno-60-15" href="#__codelineno-60-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-60-16" name="__codelineno-60-16" href="#__codelineno-60-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-61-1" name="__codelineno-61-1" href="#__codelineno-61-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-2" name="__codelineno-61-2" href="#__codelineno-61-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-3" name="__codelineno-61-3" href="#__codelineno-61-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-4" name="__codelineno-61-4" href="#__codelineno-61-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-5" name="__codelineno-61-5" href="#__codelineno-61-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-6" name="__codelineno-61-6" href="#__codelineno-61-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-7" name="__codelineno-61-7" href="#__codelineno-61-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-8" name="__codelineno-61-8" href="#__codelineno-61-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-9" name="__codelineno-61-9" href="#__codelineno-61-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-10" name="__codelineno-61-10" href="#__codelineno-61-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-11" name="__codelineno-61-11" href="#__codelineno-61-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-12" name="__codelineno-61-12" href="#__codelineno-61-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-61-13" name="__codelineno-61-13" href="#__codelineno-61-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-62-1" name="__codelineno-62-1" href="#__codelineno-62-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-2" name="__codelineno-62-2" href="#__codelineno-62-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-3" name="__codelineno-62-3" href="#__codelineno-62-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-4" name="__codelineno-62-4" href="#__codelineno-62-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-5" name="__codelineno-62-5" href="#__codelineno-62-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-6" name="__codelineno-62-6" href="#__codelineno-62-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-7" name="__codelineno-62-7" href="#__codelineno-62-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-62-8" name="__codelineno-62-8" href="#__codelineno-62-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-63-1" name="__codelineno-63-1" href="#__codelineno-63-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Traverse array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-2" name="__codelineno-63-2" href="#__codelineno-63-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-3" name="__codelineno-63-3" href="#__codelineno-63-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-4" name="__codelineno-63-4" href="#__codelineno-63-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-5" name="__codelineno-63-5" href="#__codelineno-63-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-6" name="__codelineno-63-6" href="#__codelineno-63-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-7" name="__codelineno-63-7" href="#__codelineno-63-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-8" name="__codelineno-63-8" href="#__codelineno-63-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-9" name="__codelineno-63-9" href="#__codelineno-63-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-10" name="__codelineno-63-10" href="#__codelineno-63-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-11" name="__codelineno-63-11" href="#__codelineno-63-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-63-12" name="__codelineno-63-12" href="#__codelineno-63-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-64-1" name="__codelineno-64-1" href="#__codelineno-64-1"></a><span class="c1">### Traverse array ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-2" name="__codelineno-64-2" href="#__codelineno-64-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">traverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-3" name="__codelineno-64-3" href="#__codelineno-64-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-4" name="__codelineno-64-4" href="#__codelineno-64-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-5" name="__codelineno-64-5" href="#__codelineno-64-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Traverse array by index</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-6" name="__codelineno-64-6" href="#__codelineno-64-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-7" name="__codelineno-64-7" href="#__codelineno-64-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-8" name="__codelineno-64-8" href="#__codelineno-64-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-9" name="__codelineno-64-9" href="#__codelineno-64-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-10" name="__codelineno-64-10" href="#__codelineno-64-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Direct traversal of array elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-11" name="__codelineno-64-11" href="#__codelineno-64-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-12" name="__codelineno-64-12" href="#__codelineno-64-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-13" name="__codelineno-64-13" href="#__codelineno-64-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-64-14" name="__codelineno-64-14" href="#__codelineno-64-14"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="6-finding-elements">6. Finding Elements<a class="headerlink" href="#6-finding-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Finding a specified element in an array requires traversing the array and checking whether the element value matches in each iteration; if it matches, output the corresponding index.</p>
|
||
<p>Since an array is a linear data structure, the above search operation is called a "linear search".</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_11" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_12" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_13" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_6_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_6_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_6_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_6_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_6_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_6_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_6_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_6_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_6_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_6_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-65-1" name="__codelineno-65-1" href="#__codelineno-65-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-2" name="__codelineno-65-2" href="#__codelineno-65-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Find the specified element in the array"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-3" name="__codelineno-65-3" href="#__codelineno-65-3"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-4" name="__codelineno-65-4" href="#__codelineno-65-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-5" name="__codelineno-65-5" href="#__codelineno-65-5"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-65-6" name="__codelineno-65-6" href="#__codelineno-65-6"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-66-1" name="__codelineno-66-1" href="#__codelineno-66-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-2" name="__codelineno-66-2" href="#__codelineno-66-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-3" name="__codelineno-66-3" href="#__codelineno-66-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-4" name="__codelineno-66-4" href="#__codelineno-66-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-5" name="__codelineno-66-5" href="#__codelineno-66-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-6" name="__codelineno-66-6" href="#__codelineno-66-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-7" name="__codelineno-66-7" href="#__codelineno-66-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-66-8" name="__codelineno-66-8" href="#__codelineno-66-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-67-1" name="__codelineno-67-1" href="#__codelineno-67-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-2" name="__codelineno-67-2" href="#__codelineno-67-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-3" name="__codelineno-67-3" href="#__codelineno-67-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-4" name="__codelineno-67-4" href="#__codelineno-67-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-5" name="__codelineno-67-5" href="#__codelineno-67-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-6" name="__codelineno-67-6" href="#__codelineno-67-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-7" name="__codelineno-67-7" href="#__codelineno-67-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-67-8" name="__codelineno-67-8" href="#__codelineno-67-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-68-1" name="__codelineno-68-1" href="#__codelineno-68-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-2" name="__codelineno-68-2" href="#__codelineno-68-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-3" name="__codelineno-68-3" href="#__codelineno-68-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-4" name="__codelineno-68-4" href="#__codelineno-68-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-5" name="__codelineno-68-5" href="#__codelineno-68-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-6" name="__codelineno-68-6" href="#__codelineno-68-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-7" name="__codelineno-68-7" href="#__codelineno-68-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-68-8" name="__codelineno-68-8" href="#__codelineno-68-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-69-1" name="__codelineno-69-1" href="#__codelineno-69-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-2" name="__codelineno-69-2" href="#__codelineno-69-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-3" name="__codelineno-69-3" href="#__codelineno-69-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-4" name="__codelineno-69-4" href="#__codelineno-69-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-5" name="__codelineno-69-5" href="#__codelineno-69-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-6" name="__codelineno-69-6" href="#__codelineno-69-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-7" name="__codelineno-69-7" href="#__codelineno-69-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-8" name="__codelineno-69-8" href="#__codelineno-69-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-9" name="__codelineno-69-9" href="#__codelineno-69-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-10" name="__codelineno-69-10" href="#__codelineno-69-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-69-11" name="__codelineno-69-11" href="#__codelineno-69-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-70-1" name="__codelineno-70-1" href="#__codelineno-70-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-2" name="__codelineno-70-2" href="#__codelineno-70-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-3" name="__codelineno-70-3" href="#__codelineno-70-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-4" name="__codelineno-70-4" href="#__codelineno-70-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-5" name="__codelineno-70-5" href="#__codelineno-70-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-6" name="__codelineno-70-6" href="#__codelineno-70-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-7" name="__codelineno-70-7" href="#__codelineno-70-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-8" name="__codelineno-70-8" href="#__codelineno-70-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-70-9" name="__codelineno-70-9" href="#__codelineno-70-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-71-1" name="__codelineno-71-1" href="#__codelineno-71-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-2" name="__codelineno-71-2" href="#__codelineno-71-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-3" name="__codelineno-71-3" href="#__codelineno-71-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-4" name="__codelineno-71-4" href="#__codelineno-71-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-5" name="__codelineno-71-5" href="#__codelineno-71-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-6" name="__codelineno-71-6" href="#__codelineno-71-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-71-7" name="__codelineno-71-7" href="#__codelineno-71-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-72-1" name="__codelineno-72-1" href="#__codelineno-72-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-2" name="__codelineno-72-2" href="#__codelineno-72-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-3" name="__codelineno-72-3" href="#__codelineno-72-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-4" name="__codelineno-72-4" href="#__codelineno-72-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-5" name="__codelineno-72-5" href="#__codelineno-72-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-6" name="__codelineno-72-6" href="#__codelineno-72-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-7" name="__codelineno-72-7" href="#__codelineno-72-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-8" name="__codelineno-72-8" href="#__codelineno-72-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-72-9" name="__codelineno-72-9" href="#__codelineno-72-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-73-1" name="__codelineno-73-1" href="#__codelineno-73-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-2" name="__codelineno-73-2" href="#__codelineno-73-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-3" name="__codelineno-73-3" href="#__codelineno-73-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-4" name="__codelineno-73-4" href="#__codelineno-73-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-5" name="__codelineno-73-5" href="#__codelineno-73-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-6" name="__codelineno-73-6" href="#__codelineno-73-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-73-7" name="__codelineno-73-7" href="#__codelineno-73-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-74-1" name="__codelineno-74-1" href="#__codelineno-74-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-2" name="__codelineno-74-2" href="#__codelineno-74-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-3" name="__codelineno-74-3" href="#__codelineno-74-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-4" name="__codelineno-74-4" href="#__codelineno-74-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-5" name="__codelineno-74-5" href="#__codelineno-74-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-6" name="__codelineno-74-6" href="#__codelineno-74-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-7" name="__codelineno-74-7" href="#__codelineno-74-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-8" name="__codelineno-74-8" href="#__codelineno-74-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-74-9" name="__codelineno-74-9" href="#__codelineno-74-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-75-1" name="__codelineno-75-1" href="#__codelineno-75-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-2" name="__codelineno-75-2" href="#__codelineno-75-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-3" name="__codelineno-75-3" href="#__codelineno-75-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-4" name="__codelineno-75-4" href="#__codelineno-75-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-5" name="__codelineno-75-5" href="#__codelineno-75-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-6" name="__codelineno-75-6" href="#__codelineno-75-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-7" name="__codelineno-75-7" href="#__codelineno-75-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-75-8" name="__codelineno-75-8" href="#__codelineno-75-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-76-1" name="__codelineno-76-1" href="#__codelineno-76-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Find the specified element in the array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-2" name="__codelineno-76-2" href="#__codelineno-76-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-3" name="__codelineno-76-3" href="#__codelineno-76-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-4" name="__codelineno-76-4" href="#__codelineno-76-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-5" name="__codelineno-76-5" href="#__codelineno-76-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-6" name="__codelineno-76-6" href="#__codelineno-76-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-7" name="__codelineno-76-7" href="#__codelineno-76-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="m">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-76-8" name="__codelineno-76-8" href="#__codelineno-76-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-77-1" name="__codelineno-77-1" href="#__codelineno-77-1"></a><span class="c1">### Find specified element in array ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-2" name="__codelineno-77-2" href="#__codelineno-77-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-3" name="__codelineno-77-3" href="#__codelineno-77-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-4" name="__codelineno-77-4" href="#__codelineno-77-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">target</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-5" name="__codelineno-77-5" href="#__codelineno-77-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-6" name="__codelineno-77-6" href="#__codelineno-77-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-7" name="__codelineno-77-7" href="#__codelineno-77-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-77-8" name="__codelineno-77-8" href="#__codelineno-77-8"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="7-expanding-arrays">7. Expanding Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#7-expanding-arrays" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>In complex system environments, programs cannot guarantee that the memory space after an array is available, making it unsafe to expand the array's capacity. Therefore, in most programming languages, <strong>the length of an array is immutable</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>If we want to expand an array, we need to create a new, larger array and then copy the original array elements to the new array one by one. This is an <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> operation, which is very time-consuming when the array is large. The code is shown below:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="7:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_7_1" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_2" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_3" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_4" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_5" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_6" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_7" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_8" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_9" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_10" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_11" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_12" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_13" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_7_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_7_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_7_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_7_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_7_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_7_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_7_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_7_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_7_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_7_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_7_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-78-1" name="__codelineno-78-1" href="#__codelineno-78-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-2" name="__codelineno-78-2" href="#__codelineno-78-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Extend array length"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-3" name="__codelineno-78-3" href="#__codelineno-78-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-4" name="__codelineno-78-4" href="#__codelineno-78-4"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-5" name="__codelineno-78-5" href="#__codelineno-78-5"></a> <span class="c1"># Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-6" name="__codelineno-78-6" href="#__codelineno-78-6"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-7" name="__codelineno-78-7" href="#__codelineno-78-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-8" name="__codelineno-78-8" href="#__codelineno-78-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-78-9" name="__codelineno-78-9" href="#__codelineno-78-9"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-79-1" name="__codelineno-79-1" href="#__codelineno-79-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-2" name="__codelineno-79-2" href="#__codelineno-79-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-3" name="__codelineno-79-3" href="#__codelineno-79-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-4" name="__codelineno-79-4" href="#__codelineno-79-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-5" name="__codelineno-79-5" href="#__codelineno-79-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-6" name="__codelineno-79-6" href="#__codelineno-79-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-7" name="__codelineno-79-7" href="#__codelineno-79-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-8" name="__codelineno-79-8" href="#__codelineno-79-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-9" name="__codelineno-79-9" href="#__codelineno-79-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-10" name="__codelineno-79-10" href="#__codelineno-79-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-11" name="__codelineno-79-11" href="#__codelineno-79-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-12" name="__codelineno-79-12" href="#__codelineno-79-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-79-13" name="__codelineno-79-13" href="#__codelineno-79-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-80-1" name="__codelineno-80-1" href="#__codelineno-80-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-2" name="__codelineno-80-2" href="#__codelineno-80-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-3" name="__codelineno-80-3" href="#__codelineno-80-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-4" name="__codelineno-80-4" href="#__codelineno-80-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-5" name="__codelineno-80-5" href="#__codelineno-80-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-6" name="__codelineno-80-6" href="#__codelineno-80-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-7" name="__codelineno-80-7" href="#__codelineno-80-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-8" name="__codelineno-80-8" href="#__codelineno-80-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-9" name="__codelineno-80-9" href="#__codelineno-80-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-10" name="__codelineno-80-10" href="#__codelineno-80-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-80-11" name="__codelineno-80-11" href="#__codelineno-80-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-81-1" name="__codelineno-81-1" href="#__codelineno-81-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-2" name="__codelineno-81-2" href="#__codelineno-81-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-3" name="__codelineno-81-3" href="#__codelineno-81-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-4" name="__codelineno-81-4" href="#__codelineno-81-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-5" name="__codelineno-81-5" href="#__codelineno-81-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-6" name="__codelineno-81-6" href="#__codelineno-81-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-7" name="__codelineno-81-7" href="#__codelineno-81-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-8" name="__codelineno-81-8" href="#__codelineno-81-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-9" name="__codelineno-81-9" href="#__codelineno-81-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-10" name="__codelineno-81-10" href="#__codelineno-81-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-81-11" name="__codelineno-81-11" href="#__codelineno-81-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-82-1" name="__codelineno-82-1" href="#__codelineno-82-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-2" name="__codelineno-82-2" href="#__codelineno-82-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-3" name="__codelineno-82-3" href="#__codelineno-82-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-4" name="__codelineno-82-4" href="#__codelineno-82-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-5" name="__codelineno-82-5" href="#__codelineno-82-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-6" name="__codelineno-82-6" href="#__codelineno-82-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-7" name="__codelineno-82-7" href="#__codelineno-82-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-8" name="__codelineno-82-8" href="#__codelineno-82-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-9" name="__codelineno-82-9" href="#__codelineno-82-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-10" name="__codelineno-82-10" href="#__codelineno-82-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-82-11" name="__codelineno-82-11" href="#__codelineno-82-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-83-1" name="__codelineno-83-1" href="#__codelineno-83-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-2" name="__codelineno-83-2" href="#__codelineno-83-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-3" name="__codelineno-83-3" href="#__codelineno-83-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-4" name="__codelineno-83-4" href="#__codelineno-83-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-5" name="__codelineno-83-5" href="#__codelineno-83-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-6" name="__codelineno-83-6" href="#__codelineno-83-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-7" name="__codelineno-83-7" href="#__codelineno-83-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-8" name="__codelineno-83-8" href="#__codelineno-83-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-9" name="__codelineno-83-9" href="#__codelineno-83-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-10" name="__codelineno-83-10" href="#__codelineno-83-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-83-11" name="__codelineno-83-11" href="#__codelineno-83-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-84-1" name="__codelineno-84-1" href="#__codelineno-84-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-2" name="__codelineno-84-2" href="#__codelineno-84-2"></a><span class="c1">// Note: JavaScript's Array is dynamic array, can be directly expanded</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-3" name="__codelineno-84-3" href="#__codelineno-84-3"></a><span class="c1">// For learning purposes, this function treats Array as fixed-length array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-4" name="__codelineno-84-4" href="#__codelineno-84-4"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-5" name="__codelineno-84-5" href="#__codelineno-84-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-6" name="__codelineno-84-6" href="#__codelineno-84-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-7" name="__codelineno-84-7" href="#__codelineno-84-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-8" name="__codelineno-84-8" href="#__codelineno-84-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-9" name="__codelineno-84-9" href="#__codelineno-84-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-10" name="__codelineno-84-10" href="#__codelineno-84-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-11" name="__codelineno-84-11" href="#__codelineno-84-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-12" name="__codelineno-84-12" href="#__codelineno-84-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-84-13" name="__codelineno-84-13" href="#__codelineno-84-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-85-1" name="__codelineno-85-1" href="#__codelineno-85-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-2" name="__codelineno-85-2" href="#__codelineno-85-2"></a><span class="c1">// Note: TypeScript's Array is dynamic array, can be directly expanded</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-3" name="__codelineno-85-3" href="#__codelineno-85-3"></a><span class="c1">// For learning purposes, this function treats Array as fixed-length array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-4" name="__codelineno-85-4" href="#__codelineno-85-4"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-5" name="__codelineno-85-5" href="#__codelineno-85-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-6" name="__codelineno-85-6" href="#__codelineno-85-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">enlarge</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-7" name="__codelineno-85-7" href="#__codelineno-85-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-8" name="__codelineno-85-8" href="#__codelineno-85-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-9" name="__codelineno-85-9" href="#__codelineno-85-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-10" name="__codelineno-85-10" href="#__codelineno-85-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-11" name="__codelineno-85-11" href="#__codelineno-85-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-12" name="__codelineno-85-12" href="#__codelineno-85-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-85-13" name="__codelineno-85-13" href="#__codelineno-85-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-86-1" name="__codelineno-86-1" href="#__codelineno-86-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-2" name="__codelineno-86-2" href="#__codelineno-86-2"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-3" name="__codelineno-86-3" href="#__codelineno-86-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-4" name="__codelineno-86-4" href="#__codelineno-86-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-5" name="__codelineno-86-5" href="#__codelineno-86-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-6" name="__codelineno-86-6" href="#__codelineno-86-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-7" name="__codelineno-86-7" href="#__codelineno-86-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-8" name="__codelineno-86-8" href="#__codelineno-86-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-9" name="__codelineno-86-9" href="#__codelineno-86-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-10" name="__codelineno-86-10" href="#__codelineno-86-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-86-11" name="__codelineno-86-11" href="#__codelineno-86-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-87-1" name="__codelineno-87-1" href="#__codelineno-87-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-2" name="__codelineno-87-2" href="#__codelineno-87-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-3" name="__codelineno-87-3" href="#__codelineno-87-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-4" name="__codelineno-87-4" href="#__codelineno-87-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-5" name="__codelineno-87-5" href="#__codelineno-87-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from original array to new</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-6" name="__codelineno-87-6" href="#__codelineno-87-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()].</span><span class="n">copy_from_slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-7" name="__codelineno-87-7" href="#__codelineno-87-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-8" name="__codelineno-87-8" href="#__codelineno-87-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-9" name="__codelineno-87-9" href="#__codelineno-87-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-87-10" name="__codelineno-87-10" href="#__codelineno-87-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-88-1" name="__codelineno-88-1" href="#__codelineno-88-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-2" name="__codelineno-88-2" href="#__codelineno-88-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-3" name="__codelineno-88-3" href="#__codelineno-88-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-4" name="__codelineno-88-4" href="#__codelineno-88-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-5" name="__codelineno-88-5" href="#__codelineno-88-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-6" name="__codelineno-88-6" href="#__codelineno-88-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-7" name="__codelineno-88-7" href="#__codelineno-88-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-8" name="__codelineno-88-8" href="#__codelineno-88-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-9" name="__codelineno-88-9" href="#__codelineno-88-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize expanded space</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-10" name="__codelineno-88-10" href="#__codelineno-88-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-11" name="__codelineno-88-11" href="#__codelineno-88-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-12" name="__codelineno-88-12" href="#__codelineno-88-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-13" name="__codelineno-88-13" href="#__codelineno-88-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-14" name="__codelineno-88-14" href="#__codelineno-88-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-88-15" name="__codelineno-88-15" href="#__codelineno-88-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-89-1" name="__codelineno-89-1" href="#__codelineno-89-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Extend array length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-2" name="__codelineno-89-2" href="#__codelineno-89-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-3" name="__codelineno-89-3" href="#__codelineno-89-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-4" name="__codelineno-89-4" href="#__codelineno-89-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-5" name="__codelineno-89-5" href="#__codelineno-89-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-6" name="__codelineno-89-6" href="#__codelineno-89-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-7" name="__codelineno-89-7" href="#__codelineno-89-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-8" name="__codelineno-89-8" href="#__codelineno-89-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-9" name="__codelineno-89-9" href="#__codelineno-89-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-10" name="__codelineno-89-10" href="#__codelineno-89-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-89-11" name="__codelineno-89-11" href="#__codelineno-89-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-90-1" name="__codelineno-90-1" href="#__codelineno-90-1"></a><span class="c1">### Extend array length ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-2" name="__codelineno-90-2" href="#__codelineno-90-2"></a><span class="c1"># Note: Ruby's Array is dynamic array, can be directly expanded</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-3" name="__codelineno-90-3" href="#__codelineno-90-3"></a><span class="c1"># For learning purposes, this function treats Array as fixed-length array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-4" name="__codelineno-90-4" href="#__codelineno-90-4"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-5" name="__codelineno-90-5" href="#__codelineno-90-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Initialize an array with extended length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-6" name="__codelineno-90-6" href="#__codelineno-90-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enlarge</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-7" name="__codelineno-90-7" href="#__codelineno-90-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-8" name="__codelineno-90-8" href="#__codelineno-90-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Copy all elements from the original array to the new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-9" name="__codelineno-90-9" href="#__codelineno-90-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-10" name="__codelineno-90-10" href="#__codelineno-90-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-11" name="__codelineno-90-11" href="#__codelineno-90-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-12" name="__codelineno-90-12" href="#__codelineno-90-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-13" name="__codelineno-90-13" href="#__codelineno-90-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Return the extended new array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-14" name="__codelineno-90-14" href="#__codelineno-90-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-90-15" name="__codelineno-90-15" href="#__codelineno-90-15"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="412-advantages-and-limitations-of-arrays">4.1.2 Advantages and Limitations of Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#412-advantages-and-limitations-of-arrays" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Arrays are stored in contiguous memory space with elements of the same type. This approach contains rich prior information that the system can use to optimize the efficiency of data structure operations.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>High space efficiency</strong>: Arrays allocate contiguous memory blocks for data without additional structural overhead.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Support for random access</strong>: Arrays allow accessing any element in <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> time.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Cache locality</strong>: When accessing array elements, the computer not only loads the element but also caches the surrounding data, thereby leveraging the cache to improve the execution speed of subsequent operations.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Contiguous space storage is a double-edged sword with the following limitations:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Low insertion and deletion efficiency</strong>: When an array has many elements, insertion and deletion operations require shifting a large number of elements.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Immutable length</strong>: After an array is initialized, its length is fixed. Expanding the array requires copying all data to a new array, which is very costly.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Space waste</strong>: If the allocated size of an array exceeds what is actually needed, the extra space is wasted.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="413-typical-applications-of-arrays">4.1.3 Typical Applications of Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#413-typical-applications-of-arrays" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Arrays are a fundamental and common data structure, frequently used in various algorithms and for implementing various complex data structures.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Random access</strong>: If we want to randomly sample some items, we can use an array to store them and generate a random sequence to implement random sampling based on indices.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Sorting and searching</strong>: Arrays are the most commonly used data structure for sorting and searching algorithms. Quick sort, merge sort, binary search, and others are primarily performed on arrays.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Lookup tables</strong>: When we need to quickly find an element or its corresponding relationship, we can use an array as a lookup table. For example, if we want to implement a mapping from characters to ASCII codes, we can use the ASCII code value of a character as an index, with the corresponding element stored at that position in the array.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Machine learning</strong>: Neural networks make extensive use of linear algebra operations between vectors, matrices, and tensors, all of which are constructed in the form of arrays. Arrays are the most commonly used data structure in neural network programming.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Data structure implementation</strong>: Arrays can be used to implement stacks, queues, hash tables, heaps, graphs, and other data structures. For example, the adjacency matrix representation of a graph is essentially a two-dimensional array.</li>
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