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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20w%3A%20int,%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w,%20v%29%20for%20w,%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt,%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E4%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w,%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%B0%86%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AA%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%9B%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%B0%86%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%9B%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20*%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E6%97%A0%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10,%2020,%2030,%2040,%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50,%20120,%20150,%20210,%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt,%20val,%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E8%BF%87%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20w%3A%20int,%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w,%20v%29%20for%20w,%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt,%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E4%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w,%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%B0%86%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AA%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%9B%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%99%E5%B0%86%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%9B%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20*%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E6%97%A0%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10,%2020,%2030,%2040,%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50,%20120,%20150,%20210,%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B4%AA%E5%BF%83%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt,%20val,%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E8%BF%87%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 ></a></div></p>
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</details>
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<p>内置排序算法的时间复杂度通常为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> ，空间复杂度通常为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 或 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ，取决于编程语言的具体实现。</p>
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<p>除排序之外，在最差情况下，需要遍历整个物品列表，<strong>因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> ，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 为物品数量。</p>
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<p>由于初始化了一个 <code>Item</code> 对象列表，<strong>因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<h3 id="3">3. 正确性证明<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1321-cases-without-equal-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#1321-cases-without-duplicate-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2.1 Cases without equal elements
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13.2.1 Cases without duplicate elements
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="13.2.1 Cases without equal elements">
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="13.2.1 Cases without duplicate elements">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1-pruning-of-repeated-choices" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#1-repeated-choice-pruning" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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1. Pruning of repeated choices
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1. Repeated-choice pruning
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="#1322-considering-cases-with-equal-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#1322-considering-duplicate-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2.2 Considering cases with equal elements
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13.2.2 Considering duplicate elements
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="#1-pruning-of-equal-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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1. Equal-element pruning
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#3-comparing-the-two-pruning-methods" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3. Comparison of the two pruning methods
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3. Comparing the two pruning methods
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</span>
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</a>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#1321-cases-without-equal-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<a href="#1321-cases-without-duplicate-elements" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="13.2.1 Cases without equal elements">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#1-pruning-of-repeated-choices" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</a>
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1. Pruning of equal elements
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1. Equal-element pruning
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="#3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods" class="md-nav__link">
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3. Comparison of the two pruning methods
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</span>
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</a>
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<!-- Page content -->
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<h1 id="132-permutation-problem">13.2 Permutation problem<a class="headerlink" href="#132-permutation-problem" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The permutation problem is a typical application of the backtracking algorithm. It is defined as finding all possible arrangements of elements from a given set (such as an array or string).</p>
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<p>Table 13-2 lists several example data, including the input arrays and their corresponding permutations.</p>
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<p>The permutation problem is a typical application of the backtracking algorithm. It involves finding all possible arrangements (permutations) of elements from a given set, such as an array or a string.</p>
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<p>Table 13-2 shows several examples, including input arrays and their corresponding permutations.</p>
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<p align="center"> Table 13-2 Permutation examples </p>
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<div class="center-table">
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="1321-cases-without-equal-elements">13.2.1 Cases without equal elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1321-cases-without-equal-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<h2 id="1321-cases-without-duplicate-elements">13.2.1 Cases without duplicate elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1321-cases-without-duplicate-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<div class="admonition question">
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<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
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<p>Enter an integer array without duplicate elements and return all possible permutations.</p>
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<p>Given an integer array with no duplicate elements, return all possible permutations.</p>
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</div>
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<p>From the perspective of the backtracking algorithm, <strong>we can imagine the process of generating permutations as a series of choices</strong>. Suppose the input array is <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 2, 3]\)</span>, if we first choose <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span>, then <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span>, and finally <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span>, we obtain the permutation <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 3, 2]\)</span>. Backtracking means undoing a choice and then continuing to try other choices.</p>
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<p>From the code perspective, the candidate set <code>choices</code> contains all elements of the input array, and the state <code>state</code> contains elements that have been selected so far. Please note that each element can only be chosen once, <strong>thus all elements in <code>state</code> must be unique</strong>.</p>
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<p>As shown in Figure 13-5, we can unfold the search process into a recursive tree, where each node represents the current state <code>state</code>. Starting from the root node, after three rounds of choices, we reach the leaf nodes, each corresponding to a permutation.</p>
|
||||
<p>From a backtracking perspective, <strong>we can view the process of generating permutations as a series of choices.</strong> Suppose the input array is <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 2, 3]\)</span>. If we choose <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> first, then <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span>, and finally <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span>, we get the permutation <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 3, 2]\)</span>. "Backtracking" means undoing a previous choice and exploring alternative options.</p>
|
||||
<p>From a coding perspective, the candidate set <code>choices</code> consists of all elements in the input array, while <code>state</code> holds the elements selected so far. Since each element can only be chosen once, <strong>all elements in <code>state</code> must be unique</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p>As illustrated in Figure 13-5, we can expand the search process into a recursive tree, where each node represents the current <code>state</code>. Starting from the root node, after three rounds of selections, we reach the leaf nodes—each corresponding to a permutation.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Permutation recursive tree" class="animation-figure" src="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i.png" /></a></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> Figure 13-5 Permutation recursive tree </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="1-pruning-of-repeated-choices">1. Pruning of repeated choices<a class="headerlink" href="#1-pruning-of-repeated-choices" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>To ensure that each element is selected only once, we consider introducing a boolean array <code>selected</code>, where <code>selected[i]</code> indicates whether <code>choices[i]</code> has been selected. We base our pruning operations on this array:</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="1-repeated-choice-pruning">1. Repeated-choice pruning<a class="headerlink" href="#1-repeated-choice-pruning" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>To ensure each element is selected only once, we introduce a boolean array <code>selected</code>, where <code>selected[i]</code> indicates whether <code>choices[i]</code> has been chosen. We then base our pruning steps on this array:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>After making the choice <code>choice[i]</code>, we set <code>selected[i]</code> to <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{True}\)</span>, indicating it has been chosen.</li>
|
||||
<li>When iterating through the choice list <code>choices</code>, skip all nodes that have already been selected, i.e., prune.</li>
|
||||
<li>After choosing <code>choice[i]</code>, set <code>selected[i]</code> to <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{True}\)</span> to mark it as chosen.</li>
|
||||
<li>While iterating through <code>choices</code>, skip all elements marked as chosen (i.e., prune those branches).</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>As shown in Figure 13-6, suppose we choose 1 in the first round, 3 in the second round, and 2 in the third round, we need to prune the branch of element 1 in the second round and elements 1 and 3 in the third round.</p>
|
||||
<p>As shown in Figure 13-6, suppose we choose 1 in the first round, then 3 in the second round, and finally 2 in the third round. We need to prune the branch for element 1 in the second round and the branches for elements 1 and 3 in the third round.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i_pruning.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Permutation pruning example" class="animation-figure" src="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i_pruning.png" /></a></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> Figure 13-6 Permutation pruning example </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Observing Figure 13-6, this pruning operation reduces the search space size from <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^n)\)</span> to <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<p>From the figure, we can see that this pruning process reduces the search space from <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^n)\)</span> to <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="2-code-implementation">2. Code implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#2-code-implementation" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>After understanding the above information, we can "fill in the blanks" in the framework code. To shorten the overall code, we do not implement individual functions within the framework code separately, but expand them in the <code>backtrack()</code> function:</p>
|
||||
<p>With this understanding, we can "fill in the blanks" of our framework code. To keep the overall code concise, we won’t implement each part of the framework separately but instead expand everything in the <code>backtrack()</code> function:</p>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
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<h2 id="1322-considering-cases-with-equal-elements">13.2.2 Considering cases with equal elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1322-considering-cases-with-equal-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<h2 id="1322-considering-duplicate-elements">13.2.2 Considering duplicate elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1322-considering-duplicate-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<div class="admonition question">
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
|
||||
<p>Enter an integer array, <strong>which may contain duplicate elements</strong>, and return all unique permutations.</p>
|
||||
<p>Given an integer array**that may contain duplicate elements**, return all unique permutations.</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>Suppose the input array is <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 1, 2]\)</span>. To differentiate the two duplicate elements <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span>, we mark the second <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> as <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<p>As shown in Figure 13-7, half of the permutations generated by the above method are duplicates.</p>
|
||||
<p>Suppose the input array is <span class="arithmatex">\([1, 1, 2]\)</span>. To distinguish between the two identical elements <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span>, we label the second one as <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<p>As shown in Figure 13-7, half of the permutations produced by this method are duplicates:</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Duplicate permutations" class="animation-figure" src="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii.png" /></a></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> Figure 13-7 Duplicate permutations </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>So, how do we eliminate duplicate permutations? Most directly, consider using a hash set to deduplicate permutation results. However, this is not elegant, <strong>as branches generating duplicate permutations are unnecessary and should be identified and pruned in advance</strong>, which can further improve algorithm efficiency.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="1-pruning-of-equal-elements">1. Pruning of equal elements<a class="headerlink" href="#1-pruning-of-equal-elements" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Observing Figure 13-8, in the first round, choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> or <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> results in identical permutations under both choices, thus we should prune <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<p>Similarly, after choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> in the first round, choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> and <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> in the second round also produces duplicate branches, so we should also prune <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> in the second round.</p>
|
||||
<p>Essentially, <strong>our goal is to ensure that multiple equal elements are only selected once in each round of choices</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p>So how can we eliminate these duplicate permutations? One direct approach is to use a hash set to remove duplicates after generating all permutations. However, this is less elegant <strong>because branches that produce duplicates are inherently unnecessary and should be pruned in advance,</strong> thus improving the algorithm’s efficiency.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="1-equal-element-pruning">1. Equal-element pruning<a class="headerlink" href="#1-equal-element-pruning" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Looking at Figure 13-8, in the first round, choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> or <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> leads to the same permutations, so we prune <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span>.</p>
|
||||
<p>Similarly, after choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> in the first round, choosing <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> or <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> in the second round also leads to duplicate branches, so we prune <span class="arithmatex">\(\hat{1}\)</span> then as well.</p>
|
||||
<p>Essentially, <strong>our goal is to ensure that multiple identical elements are only selected once per round of choices.</strong></p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Duplicate permutations pruning" class="animation-figure" src="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning.png" /></a></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> Figure 13-8 Duplicate permutations pruning </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="2-code-implementation_1">2. Code implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#2-code-implementation_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Based on the code from the previous problem, we consider initiating a hash set <code>duplicated</code> in each round of choices, used to record elements that have been tried in that round, and prune duplicate elements:</p>
|
||||
<p>Based on the code from the previous problem, we introduce a hash set <code>duplicated</code> in each round. This set keeps track of elements we have already attempted, so we can prune duplicates:</p>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_14" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_2_14">Zig</label></div>
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||||
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|
||||
<p>Assuming all elements are distinct from each other, there are <span class="arithmatex">\(n!\)</span> (factorial) permutations of <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> elements; when recording results, it is necessary to copy a list of length <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> time. <strong>Thus, the time complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!n)\)</span></strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p>The maximum recursion depth is <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> frame space. <code>Selected</code> uses <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> space. At any one time, there can be up to <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> <code>duplicated</code>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> space. <strong>Therefore, the space complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span></strong>.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods">3. Comparison of the two pruning methods<a class="headerlink" href="#3-comparison-of-the-two-pruning-methods" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Please note, although both <code>selected</code> and <code>duplicated</code> are used for pruning, their targets are different.</p>
|
||||
<p>Assuming all elements are distinct, there are <span class="arithmatex">\(n!\)</span> (factorial) permutations of <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> elements. Recording each result requires copying a list of length <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, which takes <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> time. <strong>Hence, the total time complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!n)\)</span>.</strong></p>
|
||||
<p>The maximum recursion depth is <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>, using <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> stack space. The <code>selected</code> array also requires <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> space. Because there can be up to <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> separate <code>duplicated</code> sets at any one time, they collectively occupy <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> space. <strong>Therefore, the space complexity is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span>.</strong></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="3-comparing-the-two-pruning-methods">3. Comparing the two pruning methods<a class="headerlink" href="#3-comparing-the-two-pruning-methods" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p>Although both <code>selected</code> and <code>duplicated</code> serve as pruning mechanisms, they target different issues:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>Repeated choice pruning</strong>: There is only one <code>selected</code> throughout the search process. It records which elements are currently in the state, aiming to prevent an element from appearing repeatedly in <code>state</code>.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Equal element pruning</strong>: Each round of choices (each call to the <code>backtrack</code> function) contains a <code>duplicated</code>. It records which elements have been chosen in the current traversal (<code>for</code> loop), aiming to ensure equal elements are selected only once.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Repeated-choice pruning</strong>(via <code>selected</code>): There is a single <code>selected</code> array for the entire search, indicating which elements are already in the current state. This prevents the same element from appearing more than once in <code>state</code>.</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Equal-element pruning</strong>(via <code>duplicated</code>): Each call to the <code>backtrack</code> function uses its own <code>duplicated</code> set, recording which elements have already been chosen in that specific iteration (<code>for</code> loop). This ensures that equal elements are selected only once per round of choices.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>Figure 13-9 shows the scope of the two pruning conditions. Note, each node in the tree represents a choice, and the nodes from the root to the leaf form a permutation.</p>
|
||||
<p>Figure 13-9 shows the scope of these two pruning strategies. Each node in the tree represents a choice; the path from the root to any leaf corresponds to one complete permutation.</p>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning_summary.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Scope of the two pruning conditions" class="animation-figure" src="../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning_summary.png" /></a></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> Figure 13-9 Scope of the two pruning conditions </p>
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@@ -5491,107 +5491,106 @@
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<a id="__codelineno-93-11" name="__codelineno-93-11" href="#__codelineno-93-11"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MyList</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-12" name="__codelineno-93-12" href="#__codelineno-93-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 建構子 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-13" name="__codelineno-93-13" href="#__codelineno-93-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nc">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-14" name="__codelineno-93-14" href="#__codelineno-93-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-15" name="__codelineno-93-15" href="#__codelineno-93-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-16" name="__codelineno-93-16" href="#__codelineno-93-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-17" name="__codelineno-93-17" href="#__codelineno-93-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span>: <span class="nc">vec</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-18" name="__codelineno-93-18" href="#__codelineno-93-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-19" name="__codelineno-93-19" href="#__codelineno-93-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span>: <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-20" name="__codelineno-93-20" href="#__codelineno-93-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>: <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-21" name="__codelineno-93-21" href="#__codelineno-93-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-22" name="__codelineno-93-22" href="#__codelineno-93-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-23" name="__codelineno-93-23" href="#__codelineno-93-23"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-24" name="__codelineno-93-24" href="#__codelineno-93-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 獲取串列長度（當前元素數量）*/</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-25" name="__codelineno-93-25" href="#__codelineno-93-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-26" name="__codelineno-93-26" href="#__codelineno-93-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-27" name="__codelineno-93-27" href="#__codelineno-93-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-28" name="__codelineno-93-28" href="#__codelineno-93-28"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-29" name="__codelineno-93-29" href="#__codelineno-93-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 獲取串列容量 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-30" name="__codelineno-93-30" href="#__codelineno-93-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-31" name="__codelineno-93-31" href="#__codelineno-93-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-32" name="__codelineno-93-32" href="#__codelineno-93-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-33" name="__codelineno-93-33" href="#__codelineno-93-33"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-34" name="__codelineno-93-34" href="#__codelineno-93-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 訪問元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-35" name="__codelineno-93-35" href="#__codelineno-93-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-36" name="__codelineno-93-36" href="#__codelineno-93-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-37" name="__codelineno-93-37" href="#__codelineno-93-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-38" name="__codelineno-93-38" href="#__codelineno-93-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-39" name="__codelineno-93-39" href="#__codelineno-93-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-40" name="__codelineno-93-40" href="#__codelineno-93-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-41" name="__codelineno-93-41" href="#__codelineno-93-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-42" name="__codelineno-93-42" href="#__codelineno-93-42"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-43" name="__codelineno-93-43" href="#__codelineno-93-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 更新元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-44" name="__codelineno-93-44" href="#__codelineno-93-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-45" name="__codelineno-93-45" href="#__codelineno-93-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-46" name="__codelineno-93-46" href="#__codelineno-93-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-47" name="__codelineno-93-47" href="#__codelineno-93-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-48" name="__codelineno-93-48" href="#__codelineno-93-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-49" name="__codelineno-93-49" href="#__codelineno-93-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-50" name="__codelineno-93-50" href="#__codelineno-93-50"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-51" name="__codelineno-93-51" href="#__codelineno-93-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 在尾部新增元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-52" name="__codelineno-93-52" href="#__codelineno-93-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-53" name="__codelineno-93-53" href="#__codelineno-93-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-54" name="__codelineno-93-54" href="#__codelineno-93-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-55" name="__codelineno-93-55" href="#__codelineno-93-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-56" name="__codelineno-93-56" href="#__codelineno-93-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-57" name="__codelineno-93-57" href="#__codelineno-93-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-58" name="__codelineno-93-58" href="#__codelineno-93-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-59" name="__codelineno-93-59" href="#__codelineno-93-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-60" name="__codelineno-93-60" href="#__codelineno-93-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-61" name="__codelineno-93-61" href="#__codelineno-93-61"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-62" name="__codelineno-93-62" href="#__codelineno-93-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 在中間插入元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-63" name="__codelineno-93-63" href="#__codelineno-93-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-64" name="__codelineno-93-64" href="#__codelineno-93-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-65" name="__codelineno-93-65" href="#__codelineno-93-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-66" name="__codelineno-93-66" href="#__codelineno-93-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-67" name="__codelineno-93-67" href="#__codelineno-93-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-68" name="__codelineno-93-68" href="#__codelineno-93-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-69" name="__codelineno-93-69" href="#__codelineno-93-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-70" name="__codelineno-93-70" href="#__codelineno-93-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-71" name="__codelineno-93-71" href="#__codelineno-93-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 以及之後的元素都向後移動一位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-72" name="__codelineno-93-72" href="#__codelineno-93-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-73" name="__codelineno-93-73" href="#__codelineno-93-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-74" name="__codelineno-93-74" href="#__codelineno-93-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-75" name="__codelineno-93-75" href="#__codelineno-93-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-76" name="__codelineno-93-76" href="#__codelineno-93-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-77" name="__codelineno-93-77" href="#__codelineno-93-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-78" name="__codelineno-93-78" href="#__codelineno-93-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-79" name="__codelineno-93-79" href="#__codelineno-93-79"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-80" name="__codelineno-93-80" href="#__codelineno-93-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-81" name="__codelineno-93-81" href="#__codelineno-93-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-82" name="__codelineno-93-82" href="#__codelineno-93-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-83" name="__codelineno-93-83" href="#__codelineno-93-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-84" name="__codelineno-93-84" href="#__codelineno-93-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-85" name="__codelineno-93-85" href="#__codelineno-93-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-86" name="__codelineno-93-86" href="#__codelineno-93-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將將索引 index 之後的元素都向前移動一位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-87" name="__codelineno-93-87" href="#__codelineno-93-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-88" name="__codelineno-93-88" href="#__codelineno-93-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-89" name="__codelineno-93-89" href="#__codelineno-93-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-90" name="__codelineno-93-90" href="#__codelineno-93-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-91" name="__codelineno-93-91" href="#__codelineno-93-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-92" name="__codelineno-93-92" href="#__codelineno-93-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回被刪除的元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-93" name="__codelineno-93-93" href="#__codelineno-93-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-94" name="__codelineno-93-94" href="#__codelineno-93-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-95" name="__codelineno-93-95" href="#__codelineno-93-95"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-96" name="__codelineno-93-96" href="#__codelineno-93-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 串列擴容 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-97" name="__codelineno-93-97" href="#__codelineno-93-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-98" name="__codelineno-93-98" href="#__codelineno-93-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 新建一個長度為原陣列 extend_ratio 倍的新陣列，並將原陣列複製到新陣列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-99" name="__codelineno-93-99" href="#__codelineno-93-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-100" name="__codelineno-93-100" href="#__codelineno-93-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-101" name="__codelineno-93-101" href="#__codelineno-93-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新串列容量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-102" name="__codelineno-93-102" href="#__codelineno-93-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-103" name="__codelineno-93-103" href="#__codelineno-93-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-104" name="__codelineno-93-104" href="#__codelineno-93-104"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-105" name="__codelineno-93-105" href="#__codelineno-93-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 將串列轉換為陣列 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-106" name="__codelineno-93-106" href="#__codelineno-93-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-107" name="__codelineno-93-107" href="#__codelineno-93-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 僅轉換有效長度範圍內的串列元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-108" name="__codelineno-93-108" href="#__codelineno-93-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-109" name="__codelineno-93-109" href="#__codelineno-93-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-110" name="__codelineno-93-110" href="#__codelineno-93-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-111" name="__codelineno-93-111" href="#__codelineno-93-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-112" name="__codelineno-93-112" href="#__codelineno-93-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-113" name="__codelineno-93-113" href="#__codelineno-93-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-114" name="__codelineno-93-114" href="#__codelineno-93-114"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-14" name="__codelineno-93-14" href="#__codelineno-93-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-15" name="__codelineno-93-15" href="#__codelineno-93-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-16" name="__codelineno-93-16" href="#__codelineno-93-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span>: <span class="nc">vec</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-17" name="__codelineno-93-17" href="#__codelineno-93-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-18" name="__codelineno-93-18" href="#__codelineno-93-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span>: <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-19" name="__codelineno-93-19" href="#__codelineno-93-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>: <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-20" name="__codelineno-93-20" href="#__codelineno-93-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-21" name="__codelineno-93-21" href="#__codelineno-93-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-22" name="__codelineno-93-22" href="#__codelineno-93-22"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-23" name="__codelineno-93-23" href="#__codelineno-93-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 獲取串列長度（當前元素數量）*/</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-24" name="__codelineno-93-24" href="#__codelineno-93-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-25" name="__codelineno-93-25" href="#__codelineno-93-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-26" name="__codelineno-93-26" href="#__codelineno-93-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-27" name="__codelineno-93-27" href="#__codelineno-93-27"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-28" name="__codelineno-93-28" href="#__codelineno-93-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 獲取串列容量 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-29" name="__codelineno-93-29" href="#__codelineno-93-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-30" name="__codelineno-93-30" href="#__codelineno-93-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-31" name="__codelineno-93-31" href="#__codelineno-93-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-32" name="__codelineno-93-32" href="#__codelineno-93-32"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-33" name="__codelineno-93-33" href="#__codelineno-93-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 訪問元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-34" name="__codelineno-93-34" href="#__codelineno-93-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-35" name="__codelineno-93-35" href="#__codelineno-93-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 索引如果越界，則丟擲異常，下同</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-36" name="__codelineno-93-36" href="#__codelineno-93-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-37" name="__codelineno-93-37" href="#__codelineno-93-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-38" name="__codelineno-93-38" href="#__codelineno-93-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-39" name="__codelineno-93-39" href="#__codelineno-93-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-40" name="__codelineno-93-40" href="#__codelineno-93-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-41" name="__codelineno-93-41" href="#__codelineno-93-41"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-42" name="__codelineno-93-42" href="#__codelineno-93-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 更新元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-43" name="__codelineno-93-43" href="#__codelineno-93-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-44" name="__codelineno-93-44" href="#__codelineno-93-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-45" name="__codelineno-93-45" href="#__codelineno-93-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-46" name="__codelineno-93-46" href="#__codelineno-93-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-47" name="__codelineno-93-47" href="#__codelineno-93-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-48" name="__codelineno-93-48" href="#__codelineno-93-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-49" name="__codelineno-93-49" href="#__codelineno-93-49"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-50" name="__codelineno-93-50" href="#__codelineno-93-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 在尾部新增元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-51" name="__codelineno-93-51" href="#__codelineno-93-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-52" name="__codelineno-93-52" href="#__codelineno-93-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-53" name="__codelineno-93-53" href="#__codelineno-93-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-54" name="__codelineno-93-54" href="#__codelineno-93-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-55" name="__codelineno-93-55" href="#__codelineno-93-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-56" name="__codelineno-93-56" href="#__codelineno-93-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-57" name="__codelineno-93-57" href="#__codelineno-93-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-58" name="__codelineno-93-58" href="#__codelineno-93-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-59" name="__codelineno-93-59" href="#__codelineno-93-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-60" name="__codelineno-93-60" href="#__codelineno-93-60"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-61" name="__codelineno-93-61" href="#__codelineno-93-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 在中間插入元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-62" name="__codelineno-93-62" href="#__codelineno-93-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-63" name="__codelineno-93-63" href="#__codelineno-93-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-64" name="__codelineno-93-64" href="#__codelineno-93-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-65" name="__codelineno-93-65" href="#__codelineno-93-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-66" name="__codelineno-93-66" href="#__codelineno-93-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 元素數量超出容量時，觸發擴容機制</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-67" name="__codelineno-93-67" href="#__codelineno-93-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-68" name="__codelineno-93-68" href="#__codelineno-93-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-69" name="__codelineno-93-69" href="#__codelineno-93-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-70" name="__codelineno-93-70" href="#__codelineno-93-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將索引 index 以及之後的元素都向後移動一位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-71" name="__codelineno-93-71" href="#__codelineno-93-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-72" name="__codelineno-93-72" href="#__codelineno-93-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-73" name="__codelineno-93-73" href="#__codelineno-93-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-74" name="__codelineno-93-74" href="#__codelineno-93-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-75" name="__codelineno-93-75" href="#__codelineno-93-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-76" name="__codelineno-93-76" href="#__codelineno-93-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-77" name="__codelineno-93-77" href="#__codelineno-93-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-78" name="__codelineno-93-78" href="#__codelineno-93-78"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-79" name="__codelineno-93-79" href="#__codelineno-93-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-80" name="__codelineno-93-80" href="#__codelineno-93-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-81" name="__codelineno-93-81" href="#__codelineno-93-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-82" name="__codelineno-93-82" href="#__codelineno-93-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"索引越界"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-83" name="__codelineno-93-83" href="#__codelineno-93-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-84" name="__codelineno-93-84" href="#__codelineno-93-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-85" name="__codelineno-93-85" href="#__codelineno-93-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將將索引 index 之後的元素都向前移動一位</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-86" name="__codelineno-93-86" href="#__codelineno-93-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-87" name="__codelineno-93-87" href="#__codelineno-93-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-88" name="__codelineno-93-88" href="#__codelineno-93-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-89" name="__codelineno-93-89" href="#__codelineno-93-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新元素數量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-90" name="__codelineno-93-90" href="#__codelineno-93-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-91" name="__codelineno-93-91" href="#__codelineno-93-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 返回被刪除的元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-92" name="__codelineno-93-92" href="#__codelineno-93-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-93" name="__codelineno-93-93" href="#__codelineno-93-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-94" name="__codelineno-93-94" href="#__codelineno-93-94"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-95" name="__codelineno-93-95" href="#__codelineno-93-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 串列擴容 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-96" name="__codelineno-93-96" href="#__codelineno-93-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">extend_capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-97" name="__codelineno-93-97" href="#__codelineno-93-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 新建一個長度為原陣列 extend_ratio 倍的新陣列，並將原陣列複製到新陣列</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-98" name="__codelineno-93-98" href="#__codelineno-93-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-99" name="__codelineno-93-99" href="#__codelineno-93-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-100" name="__codelineno-93-100" href="#__codelineno-93-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新串列容量</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-101" name="__codelineno-93-101" href="#__codelineno-93-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-102" name="__codelineno-93-102" href="#__codelineno-93-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-103" name="__codelineno-93-103" href="#__codelineno-93-103"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-104" name="__codelineno-93-104" href="#__codelineno-93-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 將串列轉換為陣列 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-105" name="__codelineno-93-105" href="#__codelineno-93-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-106" name="__codelineno-93-106" href="#__codelineno-93-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 僅轉換有效長度範圍內的串列元素</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-107" name="__codelineno-93-107" href="#__codelineno-93-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-108" name="__codelineno-93-108" href="#__codelineno-93-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-109" name="__codelineno-93-109" href="#__codelineno-93-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-110" name="__codelineno-93-110" href="#__codelineno-93-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-111" name="__codelineno-93-111" href="#__codelineno-93-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-112" name="__codelineno-93-112" href="#__codelineno-93-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-93-113" name="__codelineno-93-113" href="#__codelineno-93-113"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3603,7 +3603,7 @@
|
||||
<li>子集和問題的目標是在給定集合中找到和為目標值的所有子集。集合不區分元素順序，而搜尋過程會輸出所有順序的結果，產生重複子集。我們在回溯前將資料進行排序，並設定一個變數來指示每一輪的走訪起始點，從而將生成重複子集的搜尋分支進行剪枝。</li>
|
||||
<li>對於子集和問題，陣列中的相等元素會產生重複集合。我們利用陣列已排序的前置條件，透過判斷相鄰元素是否相等實現剪枝，從而確保相等元素在每輪中只能被選中一次。</li>
|
||||
<li><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 皇后問題旨在尋找將 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 個皇后放置到 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \times n\)</span> 尺寸棋盤上的方案，要求所有皇后兩兩之間無法攻擊對方。該問題的約束條件有行約束、列約束、主對角線和次對角線約束。為滿足行約束，我們採用按行放置的策略，保證每一行放置一個皇后。</li>
|
||||
<li>列約束和對角線約束的處理方式類似。對於列約束，我們利用一個陣列來記錄每一列是否有皇后，從而指示選中的格子是否合法。對於對角線約束，我們藉助兩個陣列來分別記錄該主、次對角線上是否存在皇后；難點在於找處在到同一主（副）對角線上格子滿足的行列索引規律。</li>
|
||||
<li>列約束和對角線約束的處理方式類似。對於列約束，我們利用一個陣列來記錄每一列是否有皇后，從而指示選中的格子是否合法。對於對角線約束，我們藉助兩個陣列來分別記錄該主、次對角線上是否存在皇后；難點在於找出處在同一主（副）對角線上的格子所滿足的行列索引規律。</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h3 id="2-q-a">2. Q & A<a class="headerlink" href="#2-q-a" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
<p><strong>Q</strong>：怎麼理解回溯和遞迴的關係？</p>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4119,6 +4119,7 @@
|
||||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20w%3A%20int%2C%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B8%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%B1%AC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w%2C%20v%29%20for%20w%2C%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt%2C%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E5%BE%9E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w%2C%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20%2A%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%A1%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10%2C%2020%2C%2030%2C%2040%2C%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50%2C%20120%2C%20150%2C%20210%2C%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%2C%20val%2C%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20Item%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%2C%20w%3A%20int%2C%20v%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.w%20%3D%20w%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.v%20%3D%20v%20%20%23%20%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%0Adef%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20val%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%2C%20cap%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%86%E6%95%B8%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%EF%BC%9A%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%97%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E5%85%A9%E5%80%8B%E5%B1%AC%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8D%E9%87%8F%E3%80%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20items%20%3D%20%5BItem%28w%2C%20v%29%20for%20w%2C%20v%20in%20zip%28wgt%2C%20val%29%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%20item.v%20/%20item.w%20%E5%BE%9E%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B0%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%0A%20%20%20%20items.sort%28key%3Dlambda%20item%3A%20item.v%20/%20item.w%2C%20reverse%3DTrue%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20for%20item%20in%20items%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20item.w%20%3C%3D%20cap%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%85%85%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E6%95%B4%E5%80%8B%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20item.v%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cap%20-%3D%20item.w%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8B%A5%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%EF%BC%8C%E5%89%87%E5%B0%87%E7%95%B6%E5%89%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%9D%E9%80%B2%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%20%2B%3D%20%28item.v%20/%20item.w%29%20%2A%20cap%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%A1%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A4%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20break%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20wgt%20%3D%20%5B10%2C%2020%2C%2030%2C%2040%2C%2050%5D%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20%5B50%2C%20120%2C%20150%2C%20210%2C%20240%5D%0A%20%20%20%20cap%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20n%20%3D%20len%28wgt%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%B2%AA%E5%A9%AA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20fractional_knapsack%28wgt%2C%20val%2C%20cap%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E%E8%83%8C%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E7%82%BA%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=8&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全螢幕觀看 ></a></div></p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>內建排序演算法的時間複雜度通常為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> ，空間複雜度通常為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 或 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> ，取決於程式語言的具體實現。</p>
|
||||
<p>除排序之外，在最差情況下，需要走訪整個物品串列，<strong>因此時間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> ，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 為物品數量。</p>
|
||||
<p>由於初始化了一個 <code>Item</code> 物件串列，<strong>因此空間複雜度為 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="3">3. 正確性證明<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3955,7 +3955,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
|
||||
@@ -3997,7 +3997,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋轉雜湊 */</span>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4674,10 +4674,10 @@
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">hash_map_chaining.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 鏈式位址雜湊表 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="nc">HashMapChaining</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">load_thres</span>: <span class="kt">f32</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a>
|
||||
@@ -4695,7 +4695,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 雜湊函式 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 負載因子 */</span>
|
||||
@@ -4706,91 +4706,87 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 刪除操作 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，從中刪除鍵值對</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-46" name="__codelineno-9-46" href="#__codelineno-9-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key ，則返回 None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-47" name="__codelineno-9-47" href="#__codelineno-9-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-48" name="__codelineno-9-48" href="#__codelineno-9-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-49" name="__codelineno-9-49" href="#__codelineno-9-49"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-50" name="__codelineno-9-50" href="#__codelineno-9-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 擴容雜湊表 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-51" name="__codelineno-9-51" href="#__codelineno-9-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-52" name="__codelineno-9-52" href="#__codelineno-9-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暫存原雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-53" name="__codelineno-9-53" href="#__codelineno-9-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">mem</span>::<span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[]);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-54" name="__codelineno-9-54" href="#__codelineno-9-54"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-55" name="__codelineno-9-55" href="#__codelineno-9-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-56" name="__codelineno-9-56" href="#__codelineno-9-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-57" name="__codelineno-9-57" href="#__codelineno-9-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-58" name="__codelineno-9-58" href="#__codelineno-9-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-59" name="__codelineno-9-59" href="#__codelineno-9-59"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-60" name="__codelineno-9-60" href="#__codelineno-9-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-61" name="__codelineno-9-61" href="#__codelineno-9-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-62" name="__codelineno-9-62" href="#__codelineno-9-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-63" name="__codelineno-9-63" href="#__codelineno-9-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-64" name="__codelineno-9-64" href="#__codelineno-9-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-65" name="__codelineno-9-65" href="#__codelineno-9-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-66" name="__codelineno-9-66" href="#__codelineno-9-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-67" name="__codelineno-9-67" href="#__codelineno-9-67"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-68" name="__codelineno-9-68" href="#__codelineno-9-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 列印雜湊表 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-69" name="__codelineno-9-69" href="#__codelineno-9-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-70" name="__codelineno-9-70" href="#__codelineno-9-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-71" name="__codelineno-9-71" href="#__codelineno-9-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-72" name="__codelineno-9-72" href="#__codelineno-9-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-73" name="__codelineno-9-73" href="#__codelineno-9-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="fm">format!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{} -> {}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-74" name="__codelineno-9-74" href="#__codelineno-9-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-75" name="__codelineno-9-75" href="#__codelineno-9-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:?}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-76" name="__codelineno-9-76" href="#__codelineno-9-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-77" name="__codelineno-9-77" href="#__codelineno-9-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-78" name="__codelineno-9-78" href="#__codelineno-9-78"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-79" name="__codelineno-9-79" href="#__codelineno-9-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 新增操作 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-80" name="__codelineno-9-80" href="#__codelineno-9-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>: <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-81" name="__codelineno-9-81" href="#__codelineno-9-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 當負載因子超過閾值時，執行擴容</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-82" name="__codelineno-9-82" href="#__codelineno-9-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">load_factor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-83" name="__codelineno-9-83" href="#__codelineno-9-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-84" name="__codelineno-9-84" href="#__codelineno-9-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-85" name="__codelineno-9-85" href="#__codelineno-9-85"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-86" name="__codelineno-9-86" href="#__codelineno-9-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-87" name="__codelineno-9-87" href="#__codelineno-9-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-88" name="__codelineno-9-88" href="#__codelineno-9-88"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-89" name="__codelineno-9-89" href="#__codelineno-9-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，若遇到指定 key ，則更新對應 val 並返回</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-90" name="__codelineno-9-90" href="#__codelineno-9-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-91" name="__codelineno-9-91" href="#__codelineno-9-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-92" name="__codelineno-9-92" href="#__codelineno-9-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-93" name="__codelineno-9-93" href="#__codelineno-9-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-94" name="__codelineno-9-94" href="#__codelineno-9-94"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-95" name="__codelineno-9-95" href="#__codelineno-9-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-96" name="__codelineno-9-96" href="#__codelineno-9-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-97" name="__codelineno-9-97" href="#__codelineno-9-97"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-98" name="__codelineno-9-98" href="#__codelineno-9-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若無該 key ，則將鍵值對新增至尾部</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-99" name="__codelineno-9-99" href="#__codelineno-9-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-100" name="__codelineno-9-100" href="#__codelineno-9-100"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-101" name="__codelineno-9-101" href="#__codelineno-9-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-102" name="__codelineno-9-102" href="#__codelineno-9-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-103" name="__codelineno-9-103" href="#__codelineno-9-103"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-104" name="__codelineno-9-104" href="#__codelineno-9-104"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查詢操作 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-105" name="__codelineno-9-105" href="#__codelineno-9-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-106" name="__codelineno-9-106" href="#__codelineno-9-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-107" name="__codelineno-9-107" href="#__codelineno-9-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-108" name="__codelineno-9-108" href="#__codelineno-9-108"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-109" name="__codelineno-9-109" href="#__codelineno-9-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，若找到 key ，則返回對應 val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-110" name="__codelineno-9-110" href="#__codelineno-9-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-111" name="__codelineno-9-111" href="#__codelineno-9-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-112" name="__codelineno-9-112" href="#__codelineno-9-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-113" name="__codelineno-9-113" href="#__codelineno-9-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-114" name="__codelineno-9-114" href="#__codelineno-9-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-115" name="__codelineno-9-115" href="#__codelineno-9-115"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-116" name="__codelineno-9-116" href="#__codelineno-9-116"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key ，則返回 None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-117" name="__codelineno-9-117" href="#__codelineno-9-117"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-118" name="__codelineno-9-118" href="#__codelineno-9-118"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-119" name="__codelineno-9-119" href="#__codelineno-9-119"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，從中刪除鍵值對</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">iter_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">enumerate</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-40" name="__codelineno-9-40" href="#__codelineno-9-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-41" name="__codelineno-9-41" href="#__codelineno-9-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-42" name="__codelineno-9-42" href="#__codelineno-9-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-43" name="__codelineno-9-43" href="#__codelineno-9-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-44" name="__codelineno-9-44" href="#__codelineno-9-44"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-45" name="__codelineno-9-45" href="#__codelineno-9-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key ，則返回 None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-46" name="__codelineno-9-46" href="#__codelineno-9-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-47" name="__codelineno-9-47" href="#__codelineno-9-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-48" name="__codelineno-9-48" href="#__codelineno-9-48"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-49" name="__codelineno-9-49" href="#__codelineno-9-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 擴容雜湊表 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-50" name="__codelineno-9-50" href="#__codelineno-9-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-51" name="__codelineno-9-51" href="#__codelineno-9-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 暫存原雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-52" name="__codelineno-9-52" href="#__codelineno-9-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">mem</span>::<span class="n">take</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-53" name="__codelineno-9-53" href="#__codelineno-9-53"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-54" name="__codelineno-9-54" href="#__codelineno-9-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-55" name="__codelineno-9-55" href="#__codelineno-9-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend_ratio</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-56" name="__codelineno-9-56" href="#__codelineno-9-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-57" name="__codelineno-9-57" href="#__codelineno-9-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-58" name="__codelineno-9-58" href="#__codelineno-9-58"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-59" name="__codelineno-9-59" href="#__codelineno-9-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-60" name="__codelineno-9-60" href="#__codelineno-9-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buckets_tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-61" name="__codelineno-9-61" href="#__codelineno-9-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-62" name="__codelineno-9-62" href="#__codelineno-9-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-63" name="__codelineno-9-63" href="#__codelineno-9-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-64" name="__codelineno-9-64" href="#__codelineno-9-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-65" name="__codelineno-9-65" href="#__codelineno-9-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-66" name="__codelineno-9-66" href="#__codelineno-9-66"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-67" name="__codelineno-9-67" href="#__codelineno-9-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 列印雜湊表 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-68" name="__codelineno-9-68" href="#__codelineno-9-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-69" name="__codelineno-9-69" href="#__codelineno-9-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-70" name="__codelineno-9-70" href="#__codelineno-9-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-71" name="__codelineno-9-71" href="#__codelineno-9-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bucket</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-72" name="__codelineno-9-72" href="#__codelineno-9-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="fm">format!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{} -> {}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-73" name="__codelineno-9-73" href="#__codelineno-9-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-74" name="__codelineno-9-74" href="#__codelineno-9-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:?}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-75" name="__codelineno-9-75" href="#__codelineno-9-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-76" name="__codelineno-9-76" href="#__codelineno-9-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-77" name="__codelineno-9-77" href="#__codelineno-9-77"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-78" name="__codelineno-9-78" href="#__codelineno-9-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 新增操作 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-79" name="__codelineno-9-79" href="#__codelineno-9-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>: <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-80" name="__codelineno-9-80" href="#__codelineno-9-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 當負載因子超過閾值時，執行擴容</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-81" name="__codelineno-9-81" href="#__codelineno-9-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">load_factor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">load_thres</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-82" name="__codelineno-9-82" href="#__codelineno-9-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-83" name="__codelineno-9-83" href="#__codelineno-9-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-84" name="__codelineno-9-84" href="#__codelineno-9-84"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-85" name="__codelineno-9-85" href="#__codelineno-9-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-86" name="__codelineno-9-86" href="#__codelineno-9-86"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-87" name="__codelineno-9-87" href="#__codelineno-9-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，若遇到指定 key ，則更新對應 val 並返回</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-88" name="__codelineno-9-88" href="#__codelineno-9-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">iter_mut</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-89" name="__codelineno-9-89" href="#__codelineno-9-89"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-90" name="__codelineno-9-90" href="#__codelineno-9-90"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-91" name="__codelineno-9-91" href="#__codelineno-9-91"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-92" name="__codelineno-9-92" href="#__codelineno-9-92"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-93" name="__codelineno-9-93" href="#__codelineno-9-93"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-94" name="__codelineno-9-94" href="#__codelineno-9-94"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-95" name="__codelineno-9-95" href="#__codelineno-9-95"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若無該 key ，則將鍵值對新增至尾部</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-96" name="__codelineno-9-96" href="#__codelineno-9-96"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-97" name="__codelineno-9-97" href="#__codelineno-9-97"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-98" name="__codelineno-9-98" href="#__codelineno-9-98"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-99" name="__codelineno-9-99" href="#__codelineno-9-99"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-100" name="__codelineno-9-100" href="#__codelineno-9-100"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-101" name="__codelineno-9-101" href="#__codelineno-9-101"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 查詢操作 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-102" name="__codelineno-9-102" href="#__codelineno-9-102"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-103" name="__codelineno-9-103" href="#__codelineno-9-103"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-104" name="__codelineno-9-104" href="#__codelineno-9-104"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-105" name="__codelineno-9-105" href="#__codelineno-9-105"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 走訪桶，若找到 key ，則返回對應 val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-106" name="__codelineno-9-106" href="#__codelineno-9-106"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">iter</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-107" name="__codelineno-9-107" href="#__codelineno-9-107"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-108" name="__codelineno-9-108" href="#__codelineno-9-108"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">pair</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-109" name="__codelineno-9-109" href="#__codelineno-9-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-110" name="__codelineno-9-110" href="#__codelineno-9-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-111" name="__codelineno-9-111" href="#__codelineno-9-111"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-112" name="__codelineno-9-112" href="#__codelineno-9-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若未找到 key ，則返回 None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-113" name="__codelineno-9-113" href="#__codelineno-9-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-114" name="__codelineno-9-114" href="#__codelineno-9-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-9-115" name="__codelineno-9-115" href="#__codelineno-9-115"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3647,20 +3647,18 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""計數排序"""</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 簡單實現，無法用於排序物件</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 1. 統計陣列最大元素 m</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="c1"># 2. 統計各數字的出現次數</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出現次數</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="c1"># 3. 走訪 counter ，將各元素填入原陣列 nums</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="c1"># 2. 統計各數字的出現次數</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> <span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出現次數</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 3. 走訪 counter ，將各元素填入原陣列 nums</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]):</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -5313,7 +5313,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-109" name="__codelineno-23-109" href="#__codelineno-23-109"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-110" name="__codelineno-23-110" href="#__codelineno-23-110"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-111" name="__codelineno-23-111" href="#__codelineno-23-111"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新佇列長度</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-112" name="__codelineno-23-112" href="#__codelineno-23-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rc</span>::<span class="n">try_unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">into_inner</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-112" name="__codelineno-23-112" href="#__codelineno-23-112"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-113" name="__codelineno-23-113" href="#__codelineno-23-113"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-114" name="__codelineno-23-114" href="#__codelineno-23-114"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-115" name="__codelineno-23-115" href="#__codelineno-23-115"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 佇列尾出列操作</span>
|
||||
@@ -5329,7 +5329,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-125" name="__codelineno-23-125" href="#__codelineno-23-125"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-126" name="__codelineno-23-126" href="#__codelineno-23-126"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-127" name="__codelineno-23-127" href="#__codelineno-23-127"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 更新佇列長度</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-128" name="__codelineno-23-128" href="#__codelineno-23-128"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rc</span>::<span class="n">try_unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_rear</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">into_inner</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-128" name="__codelineno-23-128" href="#__codelineno-23-128"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-129" name="__codelineno-23-129" href="#__codelineno-23-129"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-130" name="__codelineno-23-130" href="#__codelineno-23-130"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-131" name="__codelineno-23-131" href="#__codelineno-23-131"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
@@ -5356,14 +5356,18 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-152" name="__codelineno-23-152" href="#__codelineno-23-152"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-153" name="__codelineno-23-153" href="#__codelineno-23-153"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 返回陣列用於列印 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-154" name="__codelineno-23-154" href="#__codelineno-23-154"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-155" name="__codelineno-23-155" href="#__codelineno-23-155"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-156" name="__codelineno-23-156" href="#__codelineno-23-156"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-157" name="__codelineno-23-157" href="#__codelineno-23-157"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-158" name="__codelineno-23-158" href="#__codelineno-23-158"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-159" name="__codelineno-23-159" href="#__codelineno-23-159"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-160" name="__codelineno-23-160" href="#__codelineno-23-160"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-161" name="__codelineno-23-161" href="#__codelineno-23-161"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-162" name="__codelineno-23-162" href="#__codelineno-23-162"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-155" name="__codelineno-23-155" href="#__codelineno-23-155"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-156" name="__codelineno-23-156" href="#__codelineno-23-156"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">recur</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span>: <span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-157" name="__codelineno-23-157" href="#__codelineno-23-157"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-158" name="__codelineno-23-158" href="#__codelineno-23-158"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-159" name="__codelineno-23-159" href="#__codelineno-23-159"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-160" name="__codelineno-23-160" href="#__codelineno-23-160"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-161" name="__codelineno-23-161" href="#__codelineno-23-161"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-162" name="__codelineno-23-162" href="#__codelineno-23-162"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-163" name="__codelineno-23-163" href="#__codelineno-23-163"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-164" name="__codelineno-23-164" href="#__codelineno-23-164"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-165" name="__codelineno-23-165" href="#__codelineno-23-165"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-166" name="__codelineno-23-166" href="#__codelineno-23-166"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4693,7 +4693,7 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rc</span>::<span class="n">try_unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">into_inner</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a>
|
||||
@@ -4704,14 +4704,20 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-67" name="__codelineno-23-67" href="#__codelineno-23-67"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-68" name="__codelineno-23-68" href="#__codelineno-23-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 將鏈結串列轉化為 Array 並返回 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-69" name="__codelineno-23-69" href="#__codelineno-23-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">recur</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span>: <span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-78" name="__codelineno-23-78" href="#__codelineno-23-78"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-79" name="__codelineno-23-79" href="#__codelineno-23-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-80" name="__codelineno-23-80" href="#__codelineno-23-80"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-81" name="__codelineno-23-81" href="#__codelineno-23-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-82" name="__codelineno-23-82" href="#__codelineno-23-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-83" name="__codelineno-23-83" href="#__codelineno-23-83"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4602,34 +4602,28 @@
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 出堆疊 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">match</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_head</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_head</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rc</span>::<span class="n">try_unwrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">into_inner</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-63" name="__codelineno-23-63" href="#__codelineno-23-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-64" name="__codelineno-23-64" href="#__codelineno-23-64"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 訪問堆疊頂元素 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 將 List 轉化為 Array 並返回 */</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span>: <span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
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</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/avl_tree/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/binary_tree/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
<url>
|
||||
<loc>https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/chapter_tree/summary/</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2025-03-20</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
</urlset>
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
Reference in New Issue
Block a user