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krahets
143 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
143 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
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# 16.3 术语表
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表 16-1 列出了书中出现的重要术语。建议记住各个名词的英文叫法，以便阅读英文文献。
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<p align="center"> 表 16-1 数据结构与算法的重要名词 </p>
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<div class="center-table" markdown>
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| English | 简体中文 |
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| ------------------------------ | -------------- |
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| algorithm | 算法 |
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| data structure | 数据结构 |
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| code | 代码 |
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| file | 文件 |
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| function | 函数 |
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| method | 方法 |
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| variable | 变量 |
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| asymptotic complexity analysis | 渐近复杂度分析 |
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| time complexity | 时间复杂度 |
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| space complexity | 空间复杂度 |
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| loop | 循环 |
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| iteration | 迭代 |
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| recursion | 递归 |
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| tail recursion | 尾递归 |
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| recursion tree | 递归树 |
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| big-$O$ notation | 大 $O$ 记号 |
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| asymptotic upper bound | 渐近上界 |
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| sign-magnitude | 原码 |
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| 1’s complement | 反码 |
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| 2’s complement | 补码 |
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| array | 数组 |
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| index | 索引 |
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| linked list | 链表 |
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| linked list node, list node | 链表节点 |
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| head node | 头节点 |
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| tail node | 尾节点 |
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| list | 列表 |
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| dynamic array | 动态数组 |
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| hard disk | 硬盘 |
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| random-access memory (RAM) | 内存 |
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| cache memory | 缓存 |
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| cache miss | 缓存未命中 |
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| cache hit rate | 缓存命中率 |
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| stack | 栈 |
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| top of the stack | 栈顶 |
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| bottom of the stack | 栈底 |
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| queue | 队列 |
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| double-ended queue | 双向队列 |
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| front of the queue | 队首 |
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| rear of the queue | 队尾 |
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| hash table | 哈希表 |
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| hash set | 哈希集合 |
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| bucket | 桶 |
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| hash function | 哈希函数 |
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| hash collision | 哈希冲突 |
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| load factor | 负载因子 |
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| separate chaining | 链式地址 |
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| open addressing | 开放寻址 |
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| linear probing | 线性探测 |
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| lazy deletion | 懒删除 |
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| binary tree | 二叉树 |
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| tree node | 树节点 |
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| left-child node | 左子节点 |
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| right-child node | 右子节点 |
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| parent node | 父节点 |
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| left subtree | 左子树 |
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| right subtree | 右子树 |
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| root node | 根节点 |
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| leaf node | 叶节点 |
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| edge | 边 |
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| level | 层 |
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| degree | 度 |
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| height | 高度 |
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| depth | 深度 |
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| perfect binary tree | 完美二叉树 |
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| complete binary tree | 完全二叉树 |
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| full binary tree | 完满二叉树 |
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| balanced binary tree | 平衡二叉树 |
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| binary search tree | 二叉搜索树 |
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| AVL tree | AVL 树 |
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| red-black tree | 红黑树 |
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| level-order traversal | 层序遍历 |
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| breadth-first traversal | 广度优先遍历 |
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| depth-first traversal | 深度优先遍历 |
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| binary search tree | 二叉搜索树 |
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| balanced binary search tree | 平衡二叉搜索树 |
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| balance factor | 平衡因子 |
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| heap | 堆 |
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| max heap | 大顶堆 |
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| min heap | 小顶堆 |
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| priority queue | 优先队列 |
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| heapify | 堆化 |
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| top-$k$ problem | Top-$k$ 问题 |
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| graph | 图 |
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| vertex | 顶点 |
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| undirected graph | 无向图 |
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| directed graph | 有向图 |
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| connected graph | 连通图 |
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| disconnected graph | 非连通图 |
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| weighted graph | 有权图 |
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| adjacency | 邻接 |
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| path | 路径 |
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| in-degree | 入度 |
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| out-degree | 出度 |
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| adjacency matrix | 邻接矩阵 |
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| adjacency list | 邻接表 |
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| breadth-first search | 广度优先搜索 |
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| depth-first search | 深度优先搜索 |
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| binary search | 二分查找 |
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| searching algorithm | 搜索算法 |
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| sorting algorithm | 排序算法 |
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| selection sort | 选择排序 |
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| bubble sort | 冒泡排序 |
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| insertion sort | 插入排序 |
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| quick sort | 快速排序 |
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| merge sort | 归并排序 |
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| heap sort | 堆排序 |
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| bucket sort | 桶排序 |
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| counting sort | 计数排序 |
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| radix sort | 基数排序 |
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| divide and conquer | 分治 |
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| hanota problem | 汉诺塔问题 |
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| backtracking algorithm | 回溯算法 |
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| constraint | 约束 |
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| solution | 解 |
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| state | 状态 |
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| pruning | 剪枝 |
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| permutations problem | 全排列问题 |
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| subset-sum problem | 子集和问题 |
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| $n$-queens problem | $n$ 皇后问题 |
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| dynamic programming | 动态规划 |
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| initial state | 初始状态 |
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| state-transition equation | 状态转移方程 |
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| knapsack problem | 背包问题 |
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| edit distance problem | 编辑距离问题 |
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| greedy algorithm | 贪心算法 |
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</div>
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