feat(auth): add TOTP (RFC 6238) second factor with recovery codes

- store the per-Account shared secret encrypted at rest (Fernet keyed off
  the instance JWT secret via HKDF); never persist it in plaintext
- store recovery codes only as salted PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digests
- add TotpService covering enrol / verify / disable and recovery-code use
- expose the login second-factor challenge (code `totp_required`) and the
  recovery-code path in the auth / reset flows
- add the `totp_credentials` migration (0025, revises 0024_passkey_credentials)
- web: TOTP challenge step on login, TOTP / recovery-code methods on
  reset-password, TotpEnrollDialog in account settings, i18n for all locales

.gitignore

@@ -57,3 +57,6 @@ testsdk/
 
 # Next.js build cache (legacy)
 web/.next/
+web/.pnpm-home
+.tmp
+Caddyfile

pyproject.toml

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "botocore>=1.42.39",
     "litellm>=1.0.0",
     "valkey-glide>=2.4.1,<3.0.0; sys_platform != 'win32'", # No Windows wheels are published
+    "webauthn>=3.0.0",
 ]
 keywords = [
     "bot",
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ classifiers = [
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 seekdb = [
-    "pyseekdb==1.1.0.post3",
+    "pyseekdb==1.4.0.post1",
+    "pylibseekdb==1.4.0; sys_platform == 'linux' or (sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'arm64')",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/controller/groups/user.py

@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
+"""Account, authentication, passkey and TOTP HTTP routes.
+
+Exposes the unauthenticated login/recovery surface as well as the authenticated
+account-management, passkey (WebAuthn) and TOTP second-factor endpoints under
+``/api/v1/user``.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import quart
 import argon2
 import asyncio
 import datetime
 import hmac
 import time
+import typing
 import uuid
 from urllib.parse import parse_qs, urlsplit
 
@@ -12,6 +22,7 @@ from .....entity.errors import account as account_errors
 from ...context import RequestContext
 from .....cloud.launch import SpaceLaunchError
 from ...service.user import ControlPlaneDirectoryRequiredError, PublicRegistrationClosedError
+from ...service.totp import TotpAlreadyEnabledError, TotpInvalidCodeError, TotpNotEnabledError
 
 # Fixed-window admission quota for the unauthenticated reset-password endpoint (#2392).
 # The admission check and slot bump share ONE synchronous critical section with no await
@@ -43,7 +54,10 @@ def _admit_reset_attempt(now: float) -> bool:
 
 @group.group_class('user', '/api/v1/user')
 class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
+    """``/api/v1/user`` routes for accounts, auth, passkeys and TOTP."""
+
     def _validate_space_redirect_uri(self, redirect_uri: str, *, bind: bool) -> str:
+        """Validate a Space OAuth redirect URI against the expected callback shape."""
         parsed = urlsplit(redirect_uri)
         if (
             parsed.scheme not in {'http', 'https'}
@@ -64,11 +78,38 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
 
         return redirect_uri
 
+    def _extract_origin_and_rp_id(
+        self,
+        json_data: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        """Resolve the WebAuthn origin and relying-party ID for a request."""
+        origin = ''
+        if json_data and isinstance(json_data, dict):
+            origin = json_data.get('origin', '')
+        if not origin:
+            origin = quart.request.headers.get('Origin', '')
+        if not origin:
+            origin = quart.request.headers.get('Referer', '')
+        if not origin:
+            origin = quart.request.url_root.rstrip('/')
+
+        parsed = urlsplit(origin)
+        rp_id = parsed.hostname or 'localhost'
+        if parsed.scheme and parsed.netloc:
+            clean_origin = f'{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}'
+        else:
+            clean_origin = origin.rstrip('/')
+        return clean_origin, rp_id
+
     async def initialize(self) -> None:
+        """Register every ``/api/v1/user`` route on this router group."""
+
         @self.route('/init', methods=['GET', 'POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
         async def _() -> str:
+            """Report initialization state, or create the first account (POST)."""
             if quart.request.method == 'GET':
-                return self.success(data={'initialized': await self.ap.user_service.is_initialized()})
+                initialized = await self.ap.user_service.is_initialized()
+                return self.success(data={'initialized': initialized})
 
             if await self.ap.user_service.is_initialized():
                 return self.fail(1, 'System already initialized')
@@ -89,27 +130,56 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
 
         @self.route('/auth', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
         async def _() -> str:
-            if getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud':
-                return self.http_status(403, 'password_login_disabled', 'Password login is disabled on LangBot Cloud')
+            """Authenticate a local Account, requiring a TOTP factor when enabled."""
+            deployment = getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None)
+            if getattr(deployment, 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud':
+                return self.http_status(
+                    403,
+                    'password_login_disabled',
+                    'Password login is disabled on LangBot Cloud',
+                )
             json_data = await quart.request.json
 
+            user_email = json_data['user']
             try:
-                token = await self.ap.user_service.authenticate(json_data['user'], json_data['password'])
+                token = await self.ap.user_service.authenticate(user_email, json_data['password'])
             except argon2.exceptions.VerifyMismatchError:
                 return self.fail(1, 'Invalid username or password')
             except ValueError as e:
                 return self.fail(1, str(e))
 
+            # Second factor: an enabled TOTP credential makes the password alone
+            # insufficient. The client retries the same request with a code.
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is not None and await self.ap.totp_service.is_enabled(user_obj.uuid):
+                totp_code = json_data.get('totp_code')
+                recovery_code = json_data.get('recovery_code')
+                verified = False
+                if totp_code:
+                    verified = await self.ap.totp_service.verify_for_account(
+                        user_obj.uuid,
+                        str(totp_code),
+                    )
+                elif recovery_code:
+                    verified = await self.ap.totp_service.redeem_recovery_code(
+                        user_obj.uuid,
+                        str(recovery_code),
+                    )
+                if not verified:
+                    return self.http_status(401, 'totp_required', 'TOTP verification required')
+
             return self.success(data={'token': token})
 
         @self.route('/check-token', methods=['GET'], auth_type=group.AuthType.ACCOUNT_TOKEN)
         async def _(account) -> str:
+            """Issue a fresh user token for an already-authenticated Account."""
             token = await self.ap.user_service.generate_jwt_token(account)
 
             return self.success(data={'token': token})
 
         @self.route('/reset-password', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
         async def _() -> str:
+            """Reset a password using the recovery key, TOTP, or a recovery code."""
             # Admit (or reject) BEFORE touching the body or any service call (#2392):
             # rejecting requests never reach the slow path, and quota accounting happens
             # synchronously at entry, closing the post-await race of burst requests.
@@ -119,7 +189,11 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
             json_data = await quart.request.json
 
             user_email = json_data['user']
-            recovery_key = json_data['recovery_key']
+            # Recovery accepts either the instance recovery key, or (for accounts
+            # that enrolled one) a TOTP code or a one-time TOTP recovery code.
+            recovery_key = json_data.get('recovery_key')
+            totp_code = json_data.get('totp_code')
+            recovery_code = json_data.get('recovery_code')
             new_password = json_data['new_password']
 
             # hard sleep 3s for security
@@ -133,19 +207,39 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
             if user_obj is None:
                 return self.http_status(400, -1, 'User not found')
 
-            stored_key = self.ap.instance_config.data['system']['recovery_key']
-            try:
-                key_matches = (
-                    isinstance(recovery_key, str)
-                    and isinstance(stored_key, str)
-                    and hmac.compare_digest(recovery_key.encode(), stored_key.encode())
-                )
-            except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                # JSON can contain lone surrogates, which are not valid UTF-8.
-                key_matches = False
+            if totp_code or recovery_code:
+                if not await self.ap.totp_service.is_enabled(user_obj.uuid):
+                    return self.http_status(
+                        403,
+                        'totp_not_enabled',
+                        'TOTP is not enabled for this account',
+                    )
+                if totp_code:
+                    authorized = await self.ap.totp_service.verify_for_account(
+                        user_obj.uuid,
+                        str(totp_code),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    authorized = await self.ap.totp_service.redeem_recovery_code(
+                        user_obj.uuid,
+                        str(recovery_code),
+                    )
+                if not authorized:
+                    return self.http_status(403, 'totp_invalid_code', 'Invalid TOTP code')
+            else:
+                stored_key = self.ap.instance_config.data['system']['recovery_key']
+                try:
+                    key_matches = (
+                        isinstance(recovery_key, str)
+                        and isinstance(stored_key, str)
+                        and hmac.compare_digest(recovery_key.encode(), stored_key.encode())
+                    )
+                except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                    # JSON can contain lone surrogates, which are not valid UTF-8.
+                    key_matches = False
 
-            if not key_matches:
-                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Invalid recovery key')
+                if not key_matches:
+                    return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Invalid recovery key')
 
             await self.ap.user_service.reset_password(user_email, new_password)
 
@@ -153,6 +247,7 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
 
         @self.route('/change-password', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
         async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Change the current Account password after verifying the old one."""
             # Check if password change is allowed
             allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
                 'allow_modify_login_info', True
@@ -166,7 +261,11 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
             new_password = json_data['new_password']
 
             try:
-                await self.ap.user_service.change_password(user_email, current_password, new_password)
+                await self.ap.user_service.change_password(
+                    user_email,
+                    current_password,
+                    new_password,
+                )
             except argon2.exceptions.VerifyMismatchError:
                 return self.http_status(400, -1, 'Current password is incorrect')
             except ValueError as e:
@@ -190,7 +289,8 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                 redirect_uri = self._validate_space_redirect_uri(redirect_uri, bind=False)
                 launch_workspace_uuid = quart.request.args.get('launch_workspace_uuid')
                 if launch_workspace_uuid:
-                    if not getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'multi_workspace_enabled', False):
+                    deployment = getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None)
+                    if not getattr(deployment, 'multi_workspace_enabled', False):
                         return self.fail(1, 'Space launch requires Cloud mode')
                     try:
                         uuid.UUID(launch_workspace_uuid)
@@ -207,7 +307,11 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
             except ValueError as e:
                 return self.fail(1, str(e))
 
-        @self.route('/space/bind-authorize-url', methods=['GET'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        @self.route(
+            '/space/bind-authorize-url',
+            methods=['GET'],
+            auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN,
+        )
         async def _(request_context: RequestContext) -> str:
             """Issue an account-bound, one-time Space OAuth redirect."""
             redirect_uri = quart.request.args.get('redirect_uri', '')
@@ -253,19 +357,24 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
 
             try:
                 redirect_uri = self._validate_space_redirect_uri(str(redirect_uri), bind=False)
-                consumed_state = await self.ap.user_service.consume_space_oauth_state_details(state, 'login')
+                consumed_state = await self.ap.user_service.consume_space_oauth_state_details(
+                    state,
+                    'login',
+                )
                 # Exchange code for tokens
                 launch_workspace_uuid = consumed_state.launch_workspace_uuid
                 workspace_uuids = [launch_workspace_uuid] if launch_workspace_uuid else []
                 workspace_created_ats: dict[str, int] = {}
-                if not workspace_uuids and getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') != 'cloud':
+                deployment = getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None)
+                if not workspace_uuids and getattr(deployment, 'mode', 'oss') != 'cloud':
                     binding = await self.ap.workspace_service.get_execution_binding()
                     workspace_uuids = [binding.workspace_uuid]
                     workspace_created_at = binding.workspace_created_at
                     if workspace_created_at is not None:
                         if workspace_created_at.tzinfo is None:
                             workspace_created_at = workspace_created_at.replace(tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
-                        workspace_created_ats[binding.workspace_uuid] = int(workspace_created_at.timestamp())
+                        created_at_epoch = int(workspace_created_at.timestamp())
+                        workspace_created_ats[binding.workspace_uuid] = created_at_epoch
                 token_data = await self.ap.space_service.exchange_oauth_code(
                     code,
                     workspace_uuids,
@@ -280,14 +389,20 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                 if not access_token:
                     return self.fail(1, 'Failed to get access token from Space')
 
-                cloud_mode = getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud'
-                if cloud_mode and launch_workspace_uuid and launch_workspace_uuid != cloud_workspace_uuid:
+                deployment = getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None)
+                cloud_mode = getattr(deployment, 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud'
+                launch_mismatch = launch_workspace_uuid != cloud_workspace_uuid
+                if cloud_mode and launch_workspace_uuid and launch_mismatch:
                     return self.fail(1, 'Space OAuth Workspace binding mismatch')
                 target_workspace_uuid = launch_workspace_uuid or cloud_workspace_uuid
                 if cloud_mode:
                     if not target_workspace_uuid:
-                        return self.fail(1, 'Space OAuth response is missing the Cloud Workspace binding')
-                    await self.ap.directory_projection_service.reconcile_workspaces((target_workspace_uuid,))
+                        return self.fail(
+                            1,
+                            'Space OAuth response is missing the Cloud Workspace binding',
+                        )
+                    projection_service = self.ap.directory_projection_service
+                    await projection_service.reconcile_workspaces((target_workspace_uuid,))
 
                 # Authenticate only after the signed, exact Workspace delta has
                 # established the Account and membership runtime shadow rows.
@@ -297,12 +412,15 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
 
                 if target_workspace_uuid:
                     try:
-                        access = await self.ap.workspace_collaboration_service.resolve_account_workspace(
+                        collab_service = self.ap.workspace_collaboration_service
+                        access = await collab_service.resolve_account_workspace(
                             user_obj.uuid,
                             target_workspace_uuid,
                         )
                     except Exception:
-                        self.ap.logger.warning('Rejected Space OAuth launch for unauthorized Workspace')
+                        self.ap.logger.warning(
+                            'Rejected Space OAuth launch for unauthorized Workspace',
+                        )
                         return self.fail(1, 'Space OAuth failed')
                     return self.success(
                         data={
@@ -337,6 +455,7 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                     'user': account.user,
                     'account_type': account.account_type,
                     'has_password': bool(account.password and account.password.strip()),
+                    'totp_enabled': await self.ap.totp_service.is_enabled(account.uuid),
                 }
             )
 
@@ -387,6 +506,9 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                 capabilities['password_login_enabled'] = False
             capabilities['authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled'] = cloud_mode
             capabilities['invitation_registration_enabled'] = not cloud_mode
+            capabilities['passkey_login_enabled'] = True
+            capabilities['passkey_supported'] = True
+            capabilities['totp_supported'] = True
             return self.success(data={'initialized': True, **capabilities})
 
         @self.route('/set-password', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
@@ -477,6 +599,356 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
             except Exception:
                 raise
 
+        @self.route(
+            '/passkey/register/options',
+            methods=['POST'],
+            auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN,
+        )
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Generate WebAuthn registration options for current account."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = (await quart.request.json) or {}
+            origin, rp_id = self._extract_origin_and_rp_id(json_data)
+
+            try:
+                user_service = self.ap.user_service
+                reg_options = user_service.generate_passkey_registration_options
+                options, challenge_token = await reg_options(
+                    account_uuid=user_obj.uuid,
+                    rp_id=rp_id,
+                    origin=origin,
+                    rp_name='LangBot',
+                )
+                return self.success(data={'options': options, 'challenge_token': challenge_token})
+            except Exception as e:
+                return self.fail(1, str(e))
+
+        @self.route(
+            '/passkey/register/verify',
+            methods=['POST'],
+            auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN,
+        )
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Verify WebAuthn registration response and save credential."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            challenge_token = json_data.get('challenge_token')
+            credential = json_data.get('credential') or json_data.get('response')
+            name = json_data.get('name')
+
+            if not challenge_token or not credential:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Missing challenge_token or credential')
+
+            try:
+                cred = await self.ap.user_service.verify_and_save_passkey_registration(
+                    challenge_token=challenge_token,
+                    credential_data=credential,
+                    name=name,
+                )
+                return self.success(
+                    data={
+                        'uuid': cred.uuid,
+                        'name': cred.name,
+                        'created_at': cred.created_at.isoformat() if cred.created_at else None,
+                    }
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                return self.fail(1, str(e))
+
+        @self.route('/passkey/auth/options', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
+        async def _() -> str:
+            """Generate WebAuthn authentication options for passkey login."""
+            json_data = (await quart.request.json) or {}
+            email = json_data.get('email')
+            origin, rp_id = self._extract_origin_and_rp_id(json_data)
+
+            try:
+                user_service = self.ap.user_service
+                auth_options = user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options
+                options, challenge_token = await auth_options(
+                    rp_id=rp_id,
+                    origin=origin,
+                    email=email,
+                )
+                return self.success(data={'options': options, 'challenge_token': challenge_token})
+            except Exception as e:
+                return self.fail(1, str(e))
+
+        @self.route('/passkey/auth/verify', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
+        async def _() -> str:
+            """Verify WebAuthn authentication response and log in."""
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            challenge_token = json_data.get('challenge_token')
+            credential = json_data.get('credential') or json_data.get('response')
+
+            if not challenge_token or not credential:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Missing challenge_token or credential')
+
+            try:
+                token, user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.verify_passkey_authentication(
+                    challenge_token=challenge_token,
+                    credential_data=credential,
+                )
+                return self.success(
+                    data={
+                        'token': token,
+                        'user': user_obj.user,
+                    }
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                return self.fail(1, str(e))
+
+        @self.route('/passkeys', methods=['GET'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """List registered passkeys for the current user."""
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            passkeys = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_passkeys(user_obj.uuid)
+            return self.success(
+                data=[
+                    {
+                        'uuid': pk.uuid,
+                        'name': pk.name,
+                        'aaguid': pk.aaguid,
+                        'transports': pk.transports,
+                        'backed_up': pk.backed_up,
+                        'created_at': pk.created_at.isoformat() if pk.created_at else None,
+                        'last_used_at': pk.last_used_at.isoformat() if pk.last_used_at else None,
+                    }
+                    for pk in passkeys
+                ]
+            )
+
+        @self.route(
+            '/passkey/<passkey_uuid>',
+            methods=['PATCH'],
+            auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN,
+        )
+        async def _(user_email: str, passkey_uuid: str) -> str:
+            """Rename a registered passkey."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            name = (json_data.get('name') or '').strip()
+            if not name:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Passkey name cannot be empty')
+
+            updated = await self.ap.user_service.rename_user_passkey(
+                account_uuid=user_obj.uuid,
+                passkey_uuid=passkey_uuid,
+                new_name=name,
+            )
+            if not updated:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'Passkey not found')
+            return self.success(data={'uuid': updated.uuid, 'name': updated.name})
+
+        @self.route(
+            '/passkey/<passkey_uuid>',
+            methods=['DELETE'],
+            auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN,
+        )
+        async def _(user_email: str, passkey_uuid: str) -> str:
+            """Delete/revoke a registered passkey."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            deleted = await self.ap.user_service.delete_user_passkey(
+                account_uuid=user_obj.uuid,
+                passkey_uuid=passkey_uuid,
+            )
+            if not deleted:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'Passkey not found')
+            return self.success()
+
+        @self.route('/totp/check', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.NONE)
+        async def _() -> str:
+            """Report whether TOTP is enabled for a given Account (unauthenticated).
+
+            Used by the password-recovery page to decide whether the TOTP and
+            recovery-code verification methods are selectable. Only the boolean
+            capability is disclosed; no account details leak.
+            """
+            if not await self.ap.user_service.is_initialized():
+                return self.http_status(400, -1, 'System not initialized')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            user_email = json_data.get('user')
+            if not isinstance(user_email, str) or not user_email:
+                return self.fail(1, 'User is required')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            enabled = user_obj is not None and await self.ap.totp_service.is_enabled(user_obj.uuid)
+
+            return self.success(data={'totp_enabled': enabled})
+
+        @self.route('/totp/status', methods=['GET'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Report whether the current Account has TOTP enabled."""
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            return self.success(
+                data={
+                    'enabled': await self.ap.totp_service.is_enabled(user_obj.uuid),
+                    'remaining_recovery_codes': await self.ap.totp_service.remaining_recovery_codes(
+                        user_obj.uuid,
+                    ),
+                }
+            )
+
+        @self.route('/totp/enroll', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Start TOTP enrolment and return the QR payload plus recovery codes.
+
+            The secret is not enforced until ``/totp/enroll/verify`` confirms the
+            authenticator app can produce a valid code.
+            """
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            try:
+                enrollment, recovery_codes = await self.ap.totp_service.begin_enrollment(user_obj)
+            except TotpAlreadyEnabledError as e:
+                return self.http_status(409, e.code, str(e))
+
+            return self.success(
+                data={
+                    'secret': enrollment.secret,
+                    'otpauth_uri': enrollment.otpauth_uri,
+                    'qr_svg': self.ap.totp_service.build_qr_svg(enrollment.otpauth_uri),
+                    'recovery_codes': recovery_codes,
+                }
+            )
+
+        @self.route('/totp/enroll/verify', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Confirm enrolment with the first code from the authenticator app."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            code = json_data.get('code')
+            if not code:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Verification code is required')
+
+            try:
+                await self.ap.totp_service.confirm_enrollment(user_obj.uuid, str(code))
+            except TotpNotEnabledError as e:
+                return self.http_status(400, e.code, str(e))
+            except TotpAlreadyEnabledError as e:
+                return self.http_status(409, e.code, str(e))
+            except TotpInvalidCodeError as e:
+                return self.http_status(400, e.code, str(e))
+
+            return self.success(data={'enabled': True})
+
+        @self.route('/totp/recovery-codes', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Regenerate one-time recovery codes after proving a valid TOTP code."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            code = json_data.get('code')
+            if not code:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Verification code is required')
+
+            if not await self.ap.totp_service.verify_for_account(user_obj.uuid, str(code)):
+                return self.http_status(400, TotpInvalidCodeError.code, 'Invalid verification code')
+
+            try:
+                _, recovery_codes = await self.ap.totp_service.regenerate_recovery_codes(
+                    user_obj.uuid,
+                )
+            except TotpNotEnabledError as e:
+                return self.http_status(400, e.code, str(e))
+
+            return self.success(data={'recovery_codes': recovery_codes})
+
+        @self.route('/totp/disable', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)
+        async def _(user_email: str) -> str:
+            """Disable TOTP for the current Account after a valid code check."""
+            allow_modify_login_info = self.ap.instance_config.data.get('system', {}).get(
+                'allow_modify_login_info', True
+            )
+            if not allow_modify_login_info:
+                return self.http_status(403, -1, 'Modifying login info is disabled')
+
+            user_obj = await self.ap.user_service.get_user_by_email(user_email)
+            if user_obj is None:
+                return self.http_status(404, -1, 'User not found')
+
+            json_data = await quart.request.json
+            code = json_data.get('code')
+            if not code:
+                return self.fail(1, 'Verification code is required')
+
+            try:
+                await self.ap.totp_service.disable(user_obj.uuid, str(code))
+            except TotpNotEnabledError as e:
+                return self.http_status(400, e.code, str(e))
+            except TotpInvalidCodeError as e:
+                return self.http_status(400, e.code, str(e))
+
+            return self.success(data={'enabled': False})
+
     async def _handle_space_direct_launch(
         self,
         launch_assertion: str,

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/service/totp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+"""Second-factor TOTP (RFC 6238) enrolment, verification and recovery.
+
+This service backs the optional TOTP second factor for LangBot Accounts:
+
+* the shared secret is encrypted at rest with a Fernet key derived from the
+  instance JWT secret via HKDF, and is never persisted in plaintext;
+* recovery codes are stored only as salted PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digests;
+* the plaintext secret and recovery codes leave the server exactly once, in the
+  enrolment response.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import base64
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import json
+import logging
+import secrets
+import struct
+import time
+import typing
+import uuid
+
+import sqlalchemy
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
+
+from ....entity.persistence import totp
+from ....entity.persistence import user
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ....core.app import Application
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# RFC 6238 parameters. Six digits and a 30 second step are what every common
+# authenticator app (Google Authenticator, Authy, 1Password, ...) defaults to.
+_TOTP_DIGITS = 6
+_TOTP_STEP_SECONDS = 30
+# Accept one step of clock skew in either direction, which tolerates small
+# device clock drift without materially widening the brute-force window.
+_TOTP_WINDOW_STEPS = 1
+_RECOVERY_CODE_COUNT = 10
+# 10 groups drawn from 32 symbols provide 50 bits of entropy per recovery code.
+_RECOVERY_CODE_ALPHABET = '23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'
+_RECOVERY_CODE_LENGTH = 10
+# Recovery codes are stored only as salted PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digests. The work
+# factor is intentionally high: guessing is already infeasible against 50 bits of
+# entropy, and the slow KDF keeps a dumped database from being attacked cheaply.
+# Hashing runs off the event loop, so this is a latency cost paid only at
+# enrolment / regeneration / redemption.
+_RECOVERY_CODE_KDF_ITERATIONS = 300_000
+
+
+class TotpAlreadyEnabledError(ValueError):
+    """Raised when enrolling an Account that already has TOTP enabled."""
+
+    code = 'totp_already_enabled'
+
+
+class TotpNotEnabledError(ValueError):
+    """Raised when an operation requires an enabled TOTP credential."""
+
+    code = 'totp_not_enabled'
+
+
+class TotpInvalidCodeError(ValueError):
+    """Raised when a supplied TOTP or recovery code fails verification."""
+
+    code = 'totp_invalid_code'
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class TotpEnrollment:
+    """Result of starting (or restarting) TOTP enrolment for an Account."""
+
+    secret: str
+    otpauth_uri: str
+
+
+class TotpService:
+    """Second-factor TOTP enrolment, verification and recovery for Accounts.
+
+    Nothing usable is persisted in plaintext:
+
+    * The shared TOTP secret is encrypted at rest with a Fernet key derived from
+      the instance JWT secret via HKDF, so a leaked database file alone does not
+      expose live secrets (the attacker additionally needs ``config.yaml``).
+    * Recovery codes are stored only as salted PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digests and are
+      consumed one at a time.
+    * The plaintext secret / recovery codes leave the server exactly once, in the
+      enrolment response, and are never stored or logged server-side.
+    """
+
+    ap: Application
+
+    def __init__(self, ap: Application) -> None:
+        self.ap = ap
+
+    # -- storage helpers -------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _session_factory(self) -> async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession]:
+        return async_sessionmaker(self.ap.persistence_mgr.get_db_engine(), expire_on_commit=False)
+
+    def _encryption_key(self) -> bytes:
+        """Derive a stable 32-byte Fernet key from the instance JWT secret.
+
+        HKDF-SHA256 with a fixed domain-separation salt keeps the key stable
+        across restarts and distinct from the JWT signing secret. The key
+        material is NOT stored in the database, so a leaked ``langbot.db`` alone
+        cannot decrypt the TOTP secrets.
+        """
+        secret = ''
+        try:
+            secret = self.ap.instance_config.data['system']['jwt']['secret'] or ''
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            secret = ''
+        if not secret:
+            # Defence in depth: a missing JWT secret must not silently produce a
+            # well-known encryption key. This should never happen because
+            # GenKeysStage seeds it, but failing closed is safer than encrypting
+            # with a predictable key. The caller maps this to an invalid-code
+            # failure, so no plaintext is ever persisted.
+            raise TotpInvalidCodeError('Instance JWT secret unavailable')
+
+        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf import HKDF
+
+        # HKDF enforces the label internally, so include it as `info`.
+        derived = HKDF(
+            algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
+            length=32,
+            salt=b'langbot-totp-v1',
+            info=b'langbot-totp-secret-encryption',
+        ).derive(secret.encode('utf-8'))
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(derived)
+
+    def _encrypt_secret(self, secret: str) -> str:
+        from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
+
+        return Fernet(self._encryption_key()).encrypt(secret.encode('utf-8')).decode('ascii')
+
+    def _decrypt_secret(self, token: str) -> str:
+        from cryptography.fernet import Fernet, InvalidToken
+
+        try:
+            return Fernet(self._encryption_key()).decrypt(token.encode('ascii')).decode('utf-8')
+        except (InvalidToken, ValueError) as exc:
+            raise TotpInvalidCodeError('Stored TOTP secret cannot be decrypted') from exc
+
+    # -- RFC 6238 primitives ---------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_secret() -> str:
+        """Return a fresh base32 secret (160 bits, the RFC 4226 recommendation)."""
+        return base64.b32encode(secrets.token_bytes(20)).decode('ascii').rstrip('=')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _hotp(secret: str, counter: int) -> str:
+        padding = '=' * (-len(secret) % 8)
+        key = base64.b32decode(secret.upper() + padding)
+        msg = struct.pack('>Q', counter)
+        digest = hmac.new(key, msg, hashlib.sha1).digest()
+        offset = digest[-1] & 0x0F
+        binary = struct.unpack('>I', digest[offset : offset + 4])[0] & 0x7FFFFFFF
+        return str(binary % (10**_TOTP_DIGITS)).zfill(_TOTP_DIGITS)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_code(cls, secret: str, at: float | None = None) -> str:
+        """Return the TOTP code for ``secret`` at the given (or current) time."""
+        counter = int((at if at is not None else time.time()) // _TOTP_STEP_SECONDS)
+        return cls._hotp(secret, counter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def verify_code(cls, secret: str, code: str, at: float | None = None) -> bool:
+        """Constant-time check of a user-supplied code within the skew window."""
+        candidate = (code or '').strip().replace(' ', '')
+        if not candidate.isdigit() or len(candidate) != _TOTP_DIGITS:
+            return False
+        now = at if at is not None else time.time()
+        counter = int(now // _TOTP_STEP_SECONDS)
+        for offset in range(-_TOTP_WINDOW_STEPS, _TOTP_WINDOW_STEPS + 1):
+            expected = cls._hotp(secret, counter + offset)
+            if hmac.compare_digest(expected, candidate):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_otpauth_uri(secret: str, account_name: str, issuer: str = 'LangBot') -> str:
+        """Build the otpauth:// URI an authenticator app scans from the QR code."""
+        from urllib.parse import quote, urlencode
+
+        label = quote(f'{issuer}:{account_name}')
+        params = urlencode(
+            {
+                'secret': secret,
+                'issuer': issuer,
+                'algorithm': 'SHA1',
+                'digits': _TOTP_DIGITS,
+                'period': _TOTP_STEP_SECONDS,
+            }
+        )
+        return f'otpauth://totp/{label}?{params}'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_qr_svg(otpauth_uri: str) -> str:
+        """Render the otpauth URI to an inline SVG QR code.
+
+        SVG keeps the response text-only so the frontend can drop it straight
+        into a dialog without byte-encoding a PNG data URL.
+        """
+        import qrcode
+        import qrcode.image.svg
+
+        qr = qrcode.QRCode(
+            version=None,
+            error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_M,
+            box_size=10,
+            border=2,
+            image_factory=qrcode.image.svg.SvgPathImage,
+        )
+        qr.add_data(otpauth_uri)
+        qr.make(fit=True)
+        image = qr.make_image()
+        import io
+
+        buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        image.save(buffer)
+        return buffer.getvalue().decode('utf-8')
+
+    # -- recovery codes ---------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalise_recovery_code(code: str) -> str:
+        return (code or '').strip().upper().replace('-', '').replace(' ', '')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _hash_recovery_code(cls, code: str, *, salt: bytes | None = None) -> str:
+        """Return a self-describing PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digest of a recovery code.
+
+        The format is ``pbkdf2_sha256$<iterations>$<salt_hex>$<digest_hex>`` so the
+        work factor is stored alongside the digest and can be raised later
+        without invalidating existing codes. Salted and slow, so a database dump
+        does not allow offline brute-forcing of recovery codes.
+        """
+        if salt is None:
+            salt = secrets.token_bytes(16)
+        digest = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac(
+            'sha256',
+            cls._normalise_recovery_code(code).encode('utf-8'),
+            salt,
+            _RECOVERY_CODE_KDF_ITERATIONS,
+        )
+        return f'pbkdf2_sha256${_RECOVERY_CODE_KDF_ITERATIONS}${salt.hex()}${digest.hex()}'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split_recovery_digest(stored: str) -> tuple[int, bytes, bytes] | None:
+        parts = (stored or '').split('$')
+        if len(parts) != 4 or parts[0] != 'pbkdf2_sha256':
+            return None
+        try:
+            iterations = int(parts[1])
+            salt = bytes.fromhex(parts[2])
+            digest = bytes.fromhex(parts[3])
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        return iterations, salt, digest
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _random_recovery_code() -> str:
+        """Return one random recovery code from the unambiguous alphabet."""
+        alphabet = _RECOVERY_CODE_ALPHABET
+        return ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(_RECOVERY_CODE_LENGTH))
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def generate_recovery_codes(cls) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
+        """Return ``(plaintext_codes, hashed_codes)`` for one enrolment."""
+        plaintext: list[str] = []
+        hashed: list[str] = []
+        for _ in range(_RECOVERY_CODE_COUNT):
+            code = cls._random_recovery_code()
+            plaintext.append(code)
+            # Offload the expensive KDF so 10 codes do not stall the event loop.
+            hashed.append(await asyncio.to_thread(cls._hash_recovery_code, code))
+        return plaintext, hashed
+
+    # -- persistence ------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _credential_statement(account_uuid: str) -> typing.Any:
+        """Build the SELECT that loads an Account's TOTP credential row."""
+        entity = totp.TotpCredential
+        return sqlalchemy.select(entity).where(entity.account_uuid == account_uuid)
+
+    async def get_credential(self, account_uuid: str) -> totp.TotpCredential | None:
+        """Load the (single) TOTP credential row for an Account, if any."""
+        statement = self._credential_statement(account_uuid)
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            return await session.scalar(statement)
+
+    async def is_enabled(self, account_uuid: str) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the Account has a confirmed, enabled TOTP credential."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        return bool(credential and credential.enabled)
+
+    async def begin_enrollment(self, account: user.User) -> tuple[TotpEnrollment, list[str]]:
+        """Create or replace a pending TOTP secret and return recovery codes.
+
+        A previous *enabled* credential is left untouched until the new secret
+        is confirmed, so a failed re-enrolment cannot lock the account out.
+        """
+        secret = self.generate_secret()
+        uri = self.build_otpauth_uri(secret, account_name=account.user)
+        plaintext_codes, hashed_codes = await self.generate_recovery_codes()
+
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                credential = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account.uuid))
+                if credential is None:
+                    credential = totp.TotpCredential(
+                        uuid=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                        account_uuid=account.uuid,
+                        secret_encrypted=self._encrypt_secret(secret),
+                        account_name=account.user,
+                        enabled=False,
+                        recovery_codes=json.dumps(hashed_codes),
+                    )
+                    session.add(credential)
+                elif not credential.enabled:
+                    credential.secret_encrypted = self._encrypt_secret(secret)
+                    credential.account_name = account.user
+                    credential.recovery_codes = json.dumps(hashed_codes)
+                else:
+                    raise TotpAlreadyEnabledError('TOTP is already enabled for this account')
+                await session.flush()
+
+        return TotpEnrollment(secret=secret, otpauth_uri=uri), plaintext_codes
+
+    async def confirm_enrollment(self, account_uuid: str, code: str) -> None:
+        """Verify the first code and flip the credential to enabled."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None:
+            raise TotpNotEnabledError('No pending TOTP enrolment found')
+        if credential.enabled:
+            raise TotpAlreadyEnabledError('TOTP is already enabled for this account')
+
+        try:
+            code_matches = self.verify_code(self._decrypt_secret(credential.secret_encrypted), code)
+        except TotpInvalidCodeError:
+            code_matches = False
+        if not code_matches:
+            raise TotpInvalidCodeError('Invalid verification code')
+
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account_uuid))
+                if record is None:
+                    raise TotpNotEnabledError('No pending TOTP enrolment found')
+                record.enabled = True
+                record.last_used_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+
+    async def verify_for_account(self, account_uuid: str, code: str) -> bool:
+        """Validate a live TOTP code for an enabled credential."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None or not credential.enabled:
+            return False
+        try:
+            secret = self._decrypt_secret(credential.secret_encrypted)
+        except TotpInvalidCodeError:
+            return False
+        if not self.verify_code(secret, code):
+            return False
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account_uuid))
+                if record is not None:
+                    record.last_used_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _match_recovery_code(cls, code: str, hashed_codes: list[str]) -> int:
+        """Return the index of the matching digest, or -1. Constant-time per entry."""
+        candidate = cls._normalise_recovery_code(code)
+        for index, stored in enumerate(hashed_codes):
+            parsed = cls._split_recovery_digest(stored)
+            if parsed is None:
+                continue
+            iterations, salt, expected = parsed
+            digest = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', candidate.encode('utf-8'), salt, iterations)
+            if hmac.compare_digest(digest, expected):
+                return index
+        return -1
+
+    async def redeem_recovery_code(self, account_uuid: str, code: str) -> bool:
+        """Consume a one-time recovery code for password reset fallback."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None:
+            return False
+
+        hashed_codes: list[str] = []
+        if credential.recovery_codes:
+            try:
+                parsed = json.loads(credential.recovery_codes)
+                if isinstance(parsed, list):
+                    hashed_codes = [str(item) for item in parsed]
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                hashed_codes = []
+
+        # Recomputing PBKDF2 for up to 10 salted digests is CPU-bound; keep it
+        # off the event loop so a recovery attempt cannot stall other requests.
+        matched_index = await asyncio.to_thread(self._match_recovery_code, code or '', hashed_codes)
+        if matched_index < 0:
+            return False
+
+        remaining = hashed_codes[:matched_index] + hashed_codes[matched_index + 1 :]
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account_uuid))
+                if record is not None:
+                    record.recovery_codes = json.dumps(remaining)
+                    record.last_used_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+        return True
+
+    async def regenerate_recovery_codes(self, account_uuid: str) -> tuple[None, list[str]]:
+        """Replace the recovery codes for an enabled credential.
+
+        The caller is responsible for proving possession of a valid TOTP code
+        first; this method only swaps the stored digests for a fresh set and
+        returns the plaintext codes for one-time display.
+        """
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None or not credential.enabled:
+            raise TotpNotEnabledError('TOTP is not enabled for this account')
+
+        plaintext_codes, hashed_codes = await self.generate_recovery_codes()
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account_uuid))
+                if record is None:
+                    raise TotpNotEnabledError('TOTP is not enabled for this account')
+                record.recovery_codes = json.dumps(hashed_codes)
+                record.updated_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+        return None, plaintext_codes
+
+    async def disable(self, account_uuid: str, code: str) -> bool:
+        """Remove TOTP after the caller proves possession of a valid factor."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None or not credential.enabled:
+            raise TotpNotEnabledError('TOTP is not enabled for this account')
+
+        try:
+            secret = self._decrypt_secret(credential.secret_encrypted)
+            code_matches = self.verify_code(secret, code)
+        except TotpInvalidCodeError:
+            code_matches = False
+        if not code_matches:
+            raise TotpInvalidCodeError('Invalid verification code')
+
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(self._credential_statement(account_uuid))
+                if record is not None:
+                    await session.delete(record)
+        return True
+
+    async def remaining_recovery_codes(self, account_uuid: str) -> int:
+        """Return how many unused recovery codes remain for the Account."""
+        credential = await self.get_credential(account_uuid)
+        if credential is None or not credential.recovery_codes:
+            return 0
+        try:
+            parsed = json.loads(credential.recovery_codes)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return 0
+        return len(parsed) if isinstance(parsed, list) else 0

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/service/user.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import sqlalchemy
 import argon2
 import jwt
 import datetime
+import json
 import typing
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
@@ -12,10 +13,19 @@ import hashlib
 import secrets
 import time
 import uuid
+import webauthn
+from webauthn.helpers import bytes_to_base64url, base64url_to_bytes
+from webauthn.helpers.structs import (
+    AuthenticatorSelectionCriteria,
+    PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor,
+    ResidentKeyRequirement,
+    UserVerificationRequirement,
+)
 
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
 
 from ....entity.persistence import user
+from ....entity.persistence import passkey
 from ....entity.persistence.workspace import MembershipRole, MembershipStatus, WorkspaceMembership
 from ....utils import constants
 from ....entity.errors import account as account_errors
@@ -29,6 +39,9 @@ if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
 _SPACE_OAUTH_STATE_MAX_ENTRIES = 4096
 _SPACE_OAUTH_STATE_HEAP_COMPACT_FLOOR = 64
 _SPACE_OAUTH_STATE_HEAP_MAX_MULTIPLIER = 4
+_PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_MAX_ENTRIES = 4096
+_PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_HEAP_COMPACT_FLOOR = 64
+_PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_HEAP_MAX_MULTIPLIER = 4
 
 
 class AccountExistsLoginRequiredError(ValueError):
@@ -54,6 +67,17 @@ class SpaceOAuthStateConsumption:
     launch_workspace_uuid: str | None = None
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class PasskeyChallengeData:
+    challenge: bytes
+    purpose: typing.Literal['register', 'auth']
+    rp_id: str
+    origin: str
+    expires_at: float
+    account_uuid: str | None = None
+    user_email: str | None = None
+
+
 class UserService:
     ap: Application
     _create_user_lock: asyncio.Lock
@@ -65,6 +89,9 @@ class UserService:
         self._space_oauth_state_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self._space_oauth_states: dict[str, tuple[str, str | None, float, str | None]] = {}
         self._space_oauth_state_expiry_heap: list[tuple[float, str]] = []
+        self._passkey_challenge_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._passkey_challenges: dict[str, PasskeyChallengeData] = {}
+        self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap: list[tuple[float, str]] = []
 
     @staticmethod
     def _space_oauth_state_digest(state: str) -> str:
@@ -850,3 +877,309 @@ class UserService:
         await self._update_space_provider_for_account(local_account, api_key)
 
         return await self.get_user_by_email(space_email)
+
+    def _prune_passkey_challenges(self, now: float) -> None:
+        while self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap:
+            expires_at, token = self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap[0]
+            entry = self._passkey_challenges.get(token)
+            if entry is None or entry.expires_at != expires_at:
+                heapq.heappop(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap)
+                continue
+            if expires_at > now:
+                break
+            heapq.heappop(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap)
+            self._passkey_challenges.pop(token, None)
+
+        max_heap_entries = max(
+            _PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_HEAP_COMPACT_FLOOR,
+            len(self._passkey_challenges) * _PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_HEAP_MAX_MULTIPLIER,
+        )
+        if len(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap) > max_heap_entries:
+            self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap[:] = [
+                (entry.expires_at, token) for token, entry in self._passkey_challenges.items()
+            ]
+            heapq.heapify(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap)
+
+    async def issue_passkey_challenge(
+        self,
+        purpose: typing.Literal['register', 'auth'],
+        rp_id: str,
+        origin: str,
+        *,
+        account_uuid: str | None = None,
+        user_email: str | None = None,
+        ttl_seconds: int = 300,
+    ) -> tuple[str, bytes]:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        challenge_bytes = secrets.token_bytes(32)
+        challenge_token = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+        expires_at = now + ttl_seconds
+
+        async with self._passkey_challenge_lock:
+            self._prune_passkey_challenges(now)
+            while len(self._passkey_challenges) >= _PASSKEY_CHALLENGE_MAX_ENTRIES:
+                if not self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap:
+                    break
+                _, oldest_token = heapq.heappop(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap)
+                self._passkey_challenges.pop(oldest_token, None)
+
+            self._passkey_challenges[challenge_token] = PasskeyChallengeData(
+                challenge=challenge_bytes,
+                purpose=purpose,
+                rp_id=rp_id,
+                origin=origin,
+                expires_at=expires_at,
+                account_uuid=account_uuid,
+                user_email=user_email,
+            )
+            heapq.heappush(self._passkey_challenge_expiry_heap, (expires_at, challenge_token))
+
+        return challenge_token, challenge_bytes
+
+    async def consume_passkey_challenge(
+        self,
+        challenge_token: str,
+        purpose: typing.Literal['register', 'auth'],
+    ) -> PasskeyChallengeData:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        async with self._passkey_challenge_lock:
+            self._prune_passkey_challenges(now)
+            data = self._passkey_challenges.pop(challenge_token, None)
+
+        if data is None or data.expires_at < now:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid or expired passkey challenge')
+        if data.purpose != purpose:
+            raise ValueError('Passkey challenge purpose mismatch')
+        return data
+
+    async def get_user_passkeys(self, account_uuid: str) -> list[passkey.PasskeyCredential]:
+        statement = (
+            sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential)
+            .where(passkey.PasskeyCredential.account_uuid == account_uuid)
+            .order_by(passkey.PasskeyCredential.created_at.desc())
+        )
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            result = await session.scalars(statement)
+            return list(result.all())
+
+    async def get_passkey_by_credential_id(self, credential_id: str) -> passkey.PasskeyCredential | None:
+        statement = sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential).where(
+            passkey.PasskeyCredential.credential_id == credential_id
+        )
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            return await session.scalar(statement)
+
+    async def get_passkey_by_uuid(self, passkey_uuid: str) -> passkey.PasskeyCredential | None:
+        statement = sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential).where(passkey.PasskeyCredential.uuid == passkey_uuid)
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            return await session.scalar(statement)
+
+    async def generate_passkey_registration_options(
+        self,
+        account_uuid: str,
+        rp_id: str,
+        origin: str,
+        rp_name: str = 'LangBot',
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, typing.Any], str]:
+        account = await self.get_user_by_uuid(account_uuid)
+        if account is None:
+            raise ValueError('User not found')
+        self._require_active_account(account)
+
+        challenge_token, challenge_bytes = await self.issue_passkey_challenge(
+            purpose='register',
+            rp_id=rp_id,
+            origin=origin,
+            account_uuid=account_uuid,
+            user_email=account.user,
+        )
+
+        existing_passkeys = await self.get_user_passkeys(account_uuid)
+        exclude_credentials = [
+            PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor(id=base64url_to_bytes(pk.credential_id)) for pk in existing_passkeys
+        ]
+
+        options = webauthn.generate_registration_options(
+            rp_id=rp_id,
+            rp_name=rp_name,
+            user_name=account.user,
+            user_id=account.uuid.encode('utf-8'),
+            user_display_name=account.user,
+            challenge=challenge_bytes,
+            exclude_credentials=exclude_credentials or None,
+            authenticator_selection=AuthenticatorSelectionCriteria(
+                resident_key=ResidentKeyRequirement.PREFERRED,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        options_dict = json.loads(webauthn.options_to_json(options))
+        return options_dict, challenge_token
+
+    async def verify_and_save_passkey_registration(
+        self,
+        challenge_token: str,
+        credential_data: dict[str, typing.Any] | str,
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> passkey.PasskeyCredential:
+        challenge_data = await self.consume_passkey_challenge(challenge_token, 'register')
+        if not challenge_data.account_uuid:
+            raise ValueError('Registration challenge must be bound to an account')
+
+        verification = webauthn.verify_registration_response(
+            credential=credential_data,
+            expected_challenge=challenge_data.challenge,
+            expected_rp_id=challenge_data.rp_id,
+            expected_origin=challenge_data.origin,
+            require_user_verification=False,
+        )
+
+        cred_id_str = bytes_to_base64url(verification.credential_id)
+        pub_key_str = bytes_to_base64url(verification.credential_public_key)
+
+        transports = None
+        if isinstance(credential_data, dict):
+            resp = credential_data.get('response', {})
+            if isinstance(resp, dict) and 'transports' in resp:
+                t_list = resp.get('transports')
+                if isinstance(t_list, list):
+                    transports = ','.join(str(x) for x in t_list)
+
+        credential_name = (name or '').strip()
+        if not credential_name:
+            credential_name = f'Passkey ({datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")})'
+
+        record = passkey.PasskeyCredential(
+            uuid=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            account_uuid=challenge_data.account_uuid,
+            name=credential_name,
+            credential_id=cred_id_str,
+            public_key=pub_key_str,
+            sign_count=verification.sign_count,
+            aaguid=verification.aaguid,
+            transports=transports,
+            backed_up=verification.credential_backed_up,
+        )
+
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                session.add(record)
+                await session.flush()
+                await session.refresh(record)
+                return record
+
+    async def generate_passkey_authentication_options(
+        self,
+        rp_id: str,
+        origin: str,
+        email: str | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, typing.Any], str]:
+        challenge_token, challenge_bytes = await self.issue_passkey_challenge(
+            purpose='auth',
+            rp_id=rp_id,
+            origin=origin,
+            user_email=email,
+        )
+
+        allow_credentials: list[PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor] | None = None
+        if email:
+            user_obj = await self.get_user_by_email(email)
+            if user_obj:
+                user_passkeys = await self.get_user_passkeys(user_obj.uuid)
+                if user_passkeys:
+                    allow_credentials = [
+                        PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor(id=base64url_to_bytes(pk.credential_id)) for pk in user_passkeys
+                    ]
+
+        options = webauthn.generate_authentication_options(
+            rp_id=rp_id,
+            challenge=challenge_bytes,
+            allow_credentials=allow_credentials or None,
+            user_verification=UserVerificationRequirement.PREFERRED,
+        )
+
+        options_dict = json.loads(webauthn.options_to_json(options))
+        return options_dict, challenge_token
+
+    async def verify_passkey_authentication(
+        self,
+        challenge_token: str,
+        credential_data: dict[str, typing.Any] | str,
+    ) -> tuple[str, user.User]:
+        challenge_data = await self.consume_passkey_challenge(challenge_token, 'auth')
+
+        raw_id = credential_data.get('id') if isinstance(credential_data, dict) else None
+        if not raw_id:
+            raise ValueError('Missing credential id')
+
+        stored_credential = await self.get_passkey_by_credential_id(raw_id)
+        if stored_credential is None:
+            raise ValueError('Passkey credential not recognized')
+
+        user_obj = await self.get_user_by_uuid(stored_credential.account_uuid)
+        if user_obj is None:
+            raise ValueError('Associated user not found')
+        self._require_active_account(user_obj)
+
+        verification = webauthn.verify_authentication_response(
+            credential=credential_data,
+            expected_challenge=challenge_data.challenge,
+            expected_rp_id=challenge_data.rp_id,
+            expected_origin=challenge_data.origin,
+            credential_public_key=base64url_to_bytes(stored_credential.public_key),
+            credential_current_sign_count=stored_credential.sign_count,
+            require_user_verification=False,
+        )
+
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential).where(
+                        passkey.PasskeyCredential.id == stored_credential.id
+                    )
+                )
+                if record:
+                    record.sign_count = verification.new_sign_count
+                    record.last_used_at = datetime.datetime.now()
+                    record.backed_up = verification.credential_backed_up
+
+        token = await self.generate_jwt_token(user_obj)
+        return token, user_obj
+
+    async def rename_user_passkey(
+        self,
+        account_uuid: str,
+        passkey_uuid: str,
+        new_name: str,
+    ) -> passkey.PasskeyCredential | None:
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential).where(
+                        passkey.PasskeyCredential.uuid == passkey_uuid,
+                        passkey.PasskeyCredential.account_uuid == account_uuid,
+                    )
+                )
+                if record is None:
+                    return None
+                record.name = new_name
+                await session.flush()
+                await session.refresh(record)
+                return record
+
+    async def delete_user_passkey(
+        self,
+        account_uuid: str,
+        passkey_uuid: str,
+    ) -> bool:
+        async with self._session_factory()() as session:
+            async with session.begin():
+                record = await session.scalar(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(passkey.PasskeyCredential).where(
+                        passkey.PasskeyCredential.uuid == passkey_uuid,
+                        passkey.PasskeyCredential.account_uuid == account_uuid,
+                    )
+                )
+                if record is None:
+                    return False
+                await session.delete(record)
+                return True

src/langbot/pkg/core/app.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from ..api.http.service import apikey as apikey_service
 from ..api.http.service import webhook as webhook_service
 from ..api.http.service import monitoring as monitoring_service
 from ..api.http.service import skill as skill_service
+from ..api.http.service import totp as totp_service
 from ..api.http.service import maintenance as maintenance_service
 from ..discover import engine as discover_engine
 from ..storage import mgr as storagemgr
@@ -161,6 +162,8 @@ class Application:
 
     user_service: user_service.UserService = None
 
+    totp_service: totp_service.TotpService = None
+
     space_service: space_service.SpaceService = None
 
     llm_model_service: model_service.LLMModelsService = None

src/langbot/pkg/core/stages/build_app.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from ...api.http.service import apikey as apikey_service
 from ...api.http.service import webhook as webhook_service
 from ...api.http.service import monitoring as monitoring_service
 from ...api.http.service import skill as skill_service
+from ...api.http.service import totp as totp_service
 from ...skill import manager as skill_mgr
 from ...api.http.service import maintenance as maintenance_service
 from ...discover import engine as discover_engine
@@ -198,6 +199,9 @@ class BuildAppStage(stage.BootingStage):
         user_service_inst = user_service.UserService(ap)
         ap.user_service = user_service_inst
 
+        totp_service_inst = totp_service.TotpService(ap)
+        ap.totp_service = totp_service_inst
+
         async def resolve_singleton_execution_context() -> ExecutionContext:
             if workspace_policy.multi_workspace_enabled:
                 raise WorkspaceRequiredError('Cloud runtime work requires an explicit Workspace context')

src/langbot/pkg/entity/persistence/passkey.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid as uuid_lib
+
+import sqlalchemy
+
+from .base import Base
+
+
+class PasskeyCredential(Base):
+    __tablename__ = 'passkey_credentials'
+
+    id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    uuid = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.String(36),
+        nullable=False,
+        default=lambda: str(uuid_lib.uuid4()),
+    )
+    account_uuid = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.String(36),
+        sqlalchemy.ForeignKey('users.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE'),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    name = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String(255), nullable=False)
+    credential_id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String(255), nullable=False)
+    public_key = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Text, nullable=False)
+    sign_count = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
+    aaguid = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String(64), nullable=True)
+    transports = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String(255), nullable=True)
+    backed_up = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Boolean, nullable=False, default=False)
+    created_at = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sqlalchemy.func.now())
+    last_used_at = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.DateTime, nullable=True)
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sqlalchemy.Index('uq_passkey_credentials_uuid', 'uuid', unique=True),
+        sqlalchemy.Index('uq_passkey_credentials_cred_id', 'credential_id', unique=True),
+        sqlalchemy.Index('ix_passkey_credentials_account', 'account_uuid'),
+    )

src/langbot/pkg/entity/persistence/totp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""Persistence entity for per-Account TOTP (RFC 6238) second factors."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid as uuid_lib
+
+import sqlalchemy
+
+from .base import Base
+
+
+class TotpCredential(Base):
+    """Per-Account TOTP (RFC 6238) second factor and its recovery codes.
+
+    A single row is kept per Account. The shared secret is stored encrypted
+    (``secret_encrypted``, Fernet keyed off the instance JWT secret via HKDF)
+    rather than in plaintext, and remains unenforced until the owner confirms
+    possession by submitting a valid code (``enabled``). Recovery codes are
+    stored only as salted PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 digests, so a database leak does
+    not hand out account recovery. No plaintext secret or recovery code is ever
+    persisted; both leave the server exactly once, in the enrolment response.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = 'totp_credentials'
+
+    id = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    uuid = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.String(36),
+        nullable=False,
+        default=lambda: str(uuid_lib.uuid4()),
+    )
+    account_uuid = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.String(36),
+        sqlalchemy.ForeignKey('users.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE'),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    # Fernet-encrypted base32 secret; never exposed to the client after enrol.
+    secret_encrypted = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Text, nullable=False)
+    # Issuer label shown inside the authenticator app (e.g. the account email).
+    account_name = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.String(320), nullable=False)
+    enabled = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default='0')
+    # JSON-encoded list of salted PBKDF2 hashes for the one-time recovery codes.
+    recovery_codes = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.Text, nullable=True)
+    last_used_at = sqlalchemy.Column(sqlalchemy.DateTime, nullable=True)
+    created_at = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.DateTime,
+        nullable=False,
+        server_default=sqlalchemy.func.now(),
+    )
+    updated_at = sqlalchemy.Column(
+        sqlalchemy.DateTime,
+        nullable=False,
+        server_default=sqlalchemy.func.now(),
+        onupdate=sqlalchemy.func.now(),
+    )
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sqlalchemy.Index('uq_totp_credentials_uuid', 'uuid', unique=True),
+        sqlalchemy.Index('uq_totp_credentials_account', 'account_uuid', unique=True),
+    )

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0024_passkey_credentials.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""add passkey credentials table
+
+Revision ID: 0024_passkey_credentials
+Revises: 0023_bot_scoped_sessions
+Create Date: 2026-09-12
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = '0024_passkey_credentials'
+down_revision = '0023_bot_scoped_sessions'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+_TABLE_NAME = 'passkey_credentials'
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    existing_tables = set(sa.inspect(conn).get_table_names())
+    if _TABLE_NAME not in existing_tables:
+        op.create_table(
+            _TABLE_NAME,
+            sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True),
+            sa.Column('uuid', sa.String(36), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column(
+                'account_uuid',
+                sa.String(36),
+                sa.ForeignKey('users.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE'),
+                nullable=False,
+            ),
+            sa.Column('name', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('credential_id', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('public_key', sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('sign_count', sa.Integer(), nullable=False, server_default='0'),
+            sa.Column('aaguid', sa.String(64), nullable=True),
+            sa.Column('transports', sa.String(255), nullable=True),
+            sa.Column('backed_up', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default='0'),
+            sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
+            sa.Column('last_used_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
+        )
+        op.create_index('uq_passkey_credentials_uuid', _TABLE_NAME, ['uuid'], unique=True)
+        op.create_index('uq_passkey_credentials_cred_id', _TABLE_NAME, ['credential_id'], unique=True)
+        op.create_index('ix_passkey_credentials_account', _TABLE_NAME, ['account_uuid'], unique=False)
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index('ix_passkey_credentials_account', table_name=_TABLE_NAME)
+    op.drop_index('uq_passkey_credentials_cred_id', table_name=_TABLE_NAME)
+    op.drop_index('uq_passkey_credentials_uuid', table_name=_TABLE_NAME)
+    op.drop_table(_TABLE_NAME)

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0025_totp_credentials.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""add totp credentials table
+
+Revision ID: 0025_totp_credentials
+Revises: 0024_passkey_credentials
+Create Date: 2026-09-12
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = '0025_totp_credentials'
+down_revision = '0024_passkey_credentials'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+_TABLE_NAME = 'totp_credentials'
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    existing_tables = set(sa.inspect(conn).get_table_names())
+    if _TABLE_NAME not in existing_tables:
+        op.create_table(
+            _TABLE_NAME,
+            sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True),
+            sa.Column('uuid', sa.String(36), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column(
+                'account_uuid',
+                sa.String(36),
+                sa.ForeignKey('users.uuid', ondelete='CASCADE'),
+                nullable=False,
+            ),
+            sa.Column('secret_encrypted', sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('account_name', sa.String(320), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('enabled', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default='0'),
+            sa.Column('recovery_codes', sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+            sa.Column('last_used_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
+            sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
+            sa.Column('updated_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        )
+        op.create_index('uq_totp_credentials_uuid', _TABLE_NAME, ['uuid'], unique=True)
+        op.create_index('uq_totp_credentials_account', _TABLE_NAME, ['account_uuid'], unique=True)
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index('uq_totp_credentials_account', table_name=_TABLE_NAME)
+    op.drop_index('uq_totp_credentials_uuid', table_name=_TABLE_NAME)
+    op.drop_table(_TABLE_NAME)

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/mgr.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ _ALEMBIC_TENANT_TABLES = {
     'mcp_servers',
     'model_providers',
     'codex_credentials',
+    'passkey_credentials',
     'llm_models',
     'embedding_models',
     'rerank_models',

src/langbot/pkg/vector/vdbs/seekdb.py

@@ -101,18 +101,6 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
         self._collection_configs: Dict[str, HNSWConfiguration] = {}
         self._runtime_cache_limit = runtime_cache_limit(ap)
 
-        self._escape_table = str.maketrans(
-            {
-                '\x00': '',
-                '\\': '\\\\',
-                "'": "''",  # Standard SQL escaping (OceanBase NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES)
-                '"': '\\"',
-                '\n': '\\n',
-                '\r': '\\r',
-                '\t': '\\t',
-            }
-        )
-
     async def close(self) -> None:
         self._collections.clear()
         self._collection_configs.clear()
@@ -192,16 +180,22 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
         return coll
 
     def _clean_metadata(self, meta: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """SeekDB metadata doesn't support \\ and ", insert will error 3104"""
-        return {
-            k: v.translate(self._escape_table)
-            if isinstance(v, str)
-            else v
-            if v is None or isinstance(v, (int, float, bool))
-            else str(v)
-            for k, v in meta.items()
-            if v is not None
-        }
+        """Keep supported scalar metadata values without altering strings."""
+        return {k: v if isinstance(v, (str, int, float, bool)) else str(v) for k, v in meta.items() if v is not None}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _relevance_scores_to_distances(results: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Convert SeekDB hybrid relevance scores to lower-is-better distances."""
+        distances = results.get('distances')
+        if not isinstance(distances, list):
+            return
+
+        results['distances'] = [
+            [1.0 - float(score) if isinstance(score, (int, float)) else score for score in batch]
+            if isinstance(batch, list)
+            else batch
+            for batch in distances
+        ]
 
     async def get_or_create_collection(self, collection: str):
         """Get or create collection (without vector size - will use default)."""
@@ -236,10 +230,10 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
 
         kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = dict(ids=ids, embeddings=embeddings_list, metadatas=cleaned_metadatas)
         if documents is not None:
-            kwargs['documents'] = [doc.translate(self._escape_table) for doc in documents]
-        await asyncio.to_thread(coll.add, **kwargs)
+            kwargs['documents'] = documents
+        await asyncio.to_thread(coll.upsert, **kwargs)
 
-        self.ap.logger.info(f"Added {len(ids)} embeddings to SeekDB collection '{collection}'")
+        self.ap.logger.info(f"Upserted {len(ids)} embeddings into SeekDB collection '{collection}'")
 
     async def search(
         self,
@@ -287,7 +281,8 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
         # Route by search type.
         # pyseekdb's query() always requires embeddings, so full-text and
         # hybrid modes use hybrid_search() which supports text-only queries
-        # and returns the same nested-list format with distances.
+        # and returns relevance scores in the nested ``distances`` field.
+        returns_relevance_scores = False
         if search_type == SearchType.FULL_TEXT:
             if not query_text:
                 return {'ids': [[]], 'metadatas': [[]], 'distances': [[]]}
@@ -309,6 +304,7 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
                 n_results=k,
                 include=['documents', 'metadatas'],
             )
+            returns_relevance_scores = True
 
         elif search_type == SearchType.HYBRID:
             if not query_text:
@@ -352,6 +348,7 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
                     n_results=k,
                     include=['documents', 'metadatas'],
                 )
+                returns_relevance_scores = True
                 self.ap.logger.info(
                     f"SeekDB hybrid search in '{collection}' returned {len(results.get('ids', [[]])[0])} results."
                 )
@@ -363,6 +360,8 @@ class SeekDBVectorDatabase(VectorDatabase):
             results = await asyncio.to_thread(coll.query, **query_kwargs)
 
         results = self._json_safe(results)
+        if returns_relevance_scores:
+            self._relevance_scores_to_distances(results)
         self.ap.logger.info(
             f"SeekDB {search_type} search in '{collection}' returned {len(results.get('ids', [[]])[0])} results"
         )

tests/integration/api/test_smoke.py

@@ -310,6 +310,8 @@ class TestUserInitEndpoint:
             'invitation_registration_enabled': True,
             'password_login_enabled': True,
             'space_login_enabled': False,
+            'passkey_login_enabled': True,
+            'passkey_supported': True,
         }
         fake_api_app.user_service.get_login_capabilities.assert_awaited_once_with()
         fake_api_app.user_service.get_first_user.assert_not_awaited()
@@ -334,6 +336,8 @@ class TestUserInitEndpoint:
             'invitation_registration_enabled': False,
             'password_login_enabled': False,
             'space_login_enabled': True,
+            'passkey_login_enabled': True,
+            'passkey_supported': True,
         }
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -355,6 +359,8 @@ class TestUserInitEndpoint:
             'invitation_registration_enabled': True,
             'password_login_enabled': False,
             'space_login_enabled': True,
+            'passkey_login_enabled': True,
+            'passkey_supported': True,
         }
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/integration/api/test_user_passkey_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""
+Integration smoke tests for Passkey API endpoints.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.factories import FakeApp
+from tests.utils.import_isolation import isolated_sys_modules, MockLifecycleControlScope
+
+
+pytestmark = [pytest.mark.integration, pytest.mark.usefixtures('mock_circular_import_chain')]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def mock_circular_import_chain():
+    class FakeMinimalApplication:
+        pass
+
+    mock_app = Mock()
+    mock_app.Application = FakeMinimalApplication
+
+    mock_entities = Mock()
+    mock_entities.LifecycleControlScope = MockLifecycleControlScope
+
+    clear = [
+        'langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.group',
+        'langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.groups',
+        'langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.groups.system',
+        'langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.groups.user',
+        'langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.main',
+    ]
+
+    with isolated_sys_modules(
+        mocks={
+            'langbot.pkg.core.app': mock_app,
+            'langbot.pkg.core.entities': mock_entities,
+        },
+        clear=clear,
+    ):
+        import langbot.pkg.api.http.controller.groups.user as _user_group  # noqa: E402, F401
+
+        yield
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_api_app():
+    app = FakeApp()
+    app.instance_config.data.update(
+        {
+            'api': {'port': 5300},
+            'system': {'allow_modify_login_info': True},
+        }
+    )
+    app.user_service = Mock()
+    app.user_service.verify_jwt_token = AsyncMock(side_effect=ValueError('Invalid token'))
+    app.user_service.get_user_by_email = AsyncMock(return_value=Mock())
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def quart_test_client(fake_api_app, http_controller_cls):
+    controller = http_controller_cls(fake_api_app)
+    await controller.initialize()
+
+    client = controller.quart_app.test_client()
+    yield client
+
+
+class TestPasskeyPublicEndpoints:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_options_endpoint(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options = AsyncMock(
+            return_value=({'challenge': 'test_chal', 'rpId': 'localhost'}, 'token_123')
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/options',
+            json={'origin': 'http://localhost:3000'},
+        )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = await response.get_json()
+        assert data['code'] == 0
+        assert data['data']['challenge_token'] == 'token_123'
+        assert data['data']['options']['rpId'] == 'localhost'
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_verify_missing_payload(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/verify',
+            json={},
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = await response.get_json()
+        assert data['code'] != 0
+        assert 'Missing challenge_token or credential' in data['msg']
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_verify_success(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        fake_api_app.user_service.verify_passkey_authentication = AsyncMock(
+            return_value=('jwt_token_abc', Mock(user='user@example.com'))
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/verify',
+            json={'challenge_token': 'token_123', 'credential': {'id': 'cred_id'}},
+        )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = await response.get_json()
+        assert data['code'] == 0
+        assert data['data']['token'] == 'jwt_token_abc'
+        assert data['data']['user'] == 'user@example.com'
+
+
+class TestPasskeyProtectedEndpoints:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_register_options_requires_auth(self, quart_test_client):
+        response = await quart_test_client.post('/api/v1/user/passkey/register/options', json={})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_passkeys_list_requires_auth(self, quart_test_client):
+        response = await quart_test_client.get('/api/v1/user/passkeys')
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+
+class TestPasskeyReverseProxyScenarios:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_options_respects_custom_origin_body_behind_proxy(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options = AsyncMock(
+            return_value=({'challenge': 'test_chal', 'rpId': 'proxy.company.com'}, 'token_proxy')
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/options',
+            json={'origin': 'https://proxy.company.com:8443'},
+            headers={'Host': '127.0.0.1:5300'},
+        )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = await response.get_json()
+        assert data['code'] == 0
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options.assert_awaited_once_with(
+            rp_id='proxy.company.com',
+            origin='https://proxy.company.com:8443',
+            email=None,
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_options_falls_back_to_origin_header(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options = AsyncMock(
+            return_value=({'challenge': 'test_chal', 'rpId': 'bot.example.com'}, 'token_header')
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/options',
+            json={},
+            headers={'Origin': 'https://bot.example.com'},
+        )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options.assert_awaited_once_with(
+            rp_id='bot.example.com',
+            origin='https://bot.example.com',
+            email=None,
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_auth_options_falls_back_to_referer_header(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app):
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options = AsyncMock(
+            return_value=({'challenge': 'test_chal', 'rpId': 'bot.example.com'}, 'token_referer')
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.post(
+            '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/options',
+            json={},
+            headers={'Referer': 'https://bot.example.com:9000/login'},
+        )
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        fake_api_app.user_service.generate_passkey_authentication_options.assert_awaited_once_with(
+            rp_id='bot.example.com',
+            origin='https://bot.example.com:9000',
+            email=None,
+        )

tests/integration/persistence/test_migrations_postgres.py

@@ -550,11 +550,13 @@ class TestPostgreSQLWorkspaceMigration:
             )
         assert 'workspaces' not in tables_before_migration
         assert 'codex_credentials' not in tables_before_migration
+        assert 'passkey_credentials' not in tables_before_migration
 
         await manager._initialize_managed_schema()
 
         async with postgres_engine.connect() as conn:
             assert 'codex_credentials' in await conn.run_sync(lambda sync: sa.inspect(sync).get_table_names())
+            assert 'passkey_credentials' in await conn.run_sync(lambda sync: sa.inspect(sync).get_table_names())
             account = (await conn.execute(text('SELECT uuid, status, source FROM users'))).mappings().one()
             workspace = (
                 (await conn.execute(text('SELECT * FROM workspaces WHERE source = :source'), {'source': 'local'}))

tests/integration/vector/test_seekdb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Real embedded SeekDB regression tests.
+
+Install the optional dependency before running these slow tests::
+
+    uv sync --dev --extra seekdb
+    uv run pytest tests/integration/vector/test_seekdb.py -m slow -q
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip('pyseekdb')
+
+from langbot.pkg.vector.vdbs.seekdb import SeekDBVectorDatabase
+
+
+pytestmark = [pytest.mark.integration, pytest.mark.slow]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def backend(tmp_path):
+    app = SimpleNamespace(
+        instance_config=SimpleNamespace(
+            data={
+                'vdb': {
+                    'runtime_cache_limit': 16,
+                    'seekdb': {
+                        'mode': 'embedded',
+                        'path': str(tmp_path),
+                        'database': 'langbot_test',
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        ),
+        logger=SimpleNamespace(
+            info=lambda *args, **kwargs: None,
+            warning=lambda *args, **kwargs: None,
+        ),
+    )
+    database = SeekDBVectorDatabase(app)
+    collection = f'test_{uuid.uuid4().hex}'
+    yield database, collection
+
+    await database.delete_collection(collection)
+    await database.close()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_upsert_and_text_round_trip(backend) -> None:
+    database, collection = backend
+    original = 'He said "hello".\nC:\\notes\\file.txt isn\'t empty. 中文'
+    updated = f'Updated: {original}'
+
+    await database.add_embeddings(
+        collection,
+        ['document-a'],
+        [[1.0, 0.0, 0.0]],
+        [{'file_id': 'file-a', 'text': original}],
+        [original],
+    )
+    await database.add_embeddings(
+        collection,
+        ['document-a'],
+        [[0.0, 1.0, 0.0]],
+        [{'file_id': 'file-a', 'text': updated}],
+        [updated],
+    )
+
+    items, _ = await database.list_by_filter(collection, {'file_id': 'file-a'})
+
+    assert len(items) == 1
+    assert items[0]['id'] == 'document-a'
+    assert items[0]['document'] == updated
+    assert items[0]['metadata']['text'] == updated
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_full_text_and_hybrid_results_keep_relevance_order(backend) -> None:
+    database, collection = backend
+    documents = [
+        'orchid orchid orchid flower',
+        'orchid grows in a garden with many other beautiful plants',
+        'a completely unrelated topic',
+    ]
+
+    await database.add_embeddings(
+        collection,
+        ['best', 'weak', 'noise'],
+        [[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.9, 0.1, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]],
+        [
+            {'file_id': item_id, 'document_id': item_id, 'text': document}
+            for item_id, document in zip(['best', 'weak', 'noise'], documents, strict=True)
+        ],
+        documents,
+    )
+    seekdb_collection = await database.get_or_create_collection(collection)
+    await asyncio.to_thread(seekdb_collection.refresh_index)
+
+    full_text = await database.search(
+        collection,
+        [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        k=3,
+        search_type='full_text',
+        query_text='orchid',
+    )
+    hybrid = await database.search(
+        collection,
+        [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        k=3,
+        search_type='hybrid',
+        query_text='orchid',
+        vector_weight=0.65,
+    )
+
+    assert full_text['ids'][0][:2] == ['best', 'weak']
+    assert full_text['distances'][0] == sorted(full_text['distances'][0])
+    assert hybrid['ids'][0] == ['best', 'weak', 'noise']
+    assert hybrid['distances'][0] == sorted(hybrid['distances'][0])

tests/unit_tests/api/service/test_user_passkey.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for Passkey WebAuthn service operations in UserService.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from langbot.pkg.api.http.service.user import UserService
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.user import AccountStatus, User
+
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
+
+class TestPasskeyChallengeLifecycle:
+    async def test_challenge_issuance_and_consumption(self):
+        service = UserService(SimpleNamespace())
+        token, challenge_bytes = await service.issue_passkey_challenge(
+            purpose='register',
+            rp_id='localhost',
+            origin='http://localhost:3000',
+            account_uuid='acc-123',
+            user_email='user@example.com',
+        )
+
+        assert len(token) > 20
+        assert len(challenge_bytes) == 32
+
+        data = await service.consume_passkey_challenge(token, 'register')
+        assert data.challenge == challenge_bytes
+        assert data.rp_id == 'localhost'
+        assert data.origin == 'http://localhost:3000'
+        assert data.account_uuid == 'acc-123'
+        assert data.user_email == 'user@example.com'
+
+        # Replay should fail
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Invalid or expired passkey challenge'):
+            await service.consume_passkey_challenge(token, 'register')
+
+    async def test_challenge_purpose_mismatch_fails(self):
+        service = UserService(SimpleNamespace())
+        token, _ = await service.issue_passkey_challenge(
+            purpose='register',
+            rp_id='localhost',
+            origin='http://localhost:3000',
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Passkey challenge purpose mismatch'):
+            await service.consume_passkey_challenge(token, 'auth')
+
+    async def test_challenge_expiration(self):
+        service = UserService(SimpleNamespace())
+        token, _ = await service.issue_passkey_challenge(
+            purpose='auth',
+            rp_id='localhost',
+            origin='http://localhost:3000',
+            ttl_seconds=0,
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Invalid or expired passkey challenge'):
+            await service.consume_passkey_challenge(token, 'auth')
+
+
+class TestPasskeyOptionsGeneration:
+    async def test_generate_registration_options(self):
+        service = UserService(SimpleNamespace())
+        mock_user = Mock(spec=User)
+        mock_user.uuid = 'acc-test-uuid'
+        mock_user.user = 'test@example.com'
+        mock_user.status = AccountStatus.ACTIVE.value
+        service.get_user_by_uuid = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_user)
+        service.get_user_passkeys = AsyncMock(return_value=[])
+
+        options, token = await service.generate_passkey_registration_options(
+            account_uuid='acc-test-uuid',
+            rp_id='localhost',
+            origin='http://localhost:3000',
+            rp_name='LangBot Test',
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(options, dict)
+        assert options['rp']['name'] == 'LangBot Test'
+        assert options['rp']['id'] == 'localhost'
+        assert options['user']['name'] == 'test@example.com'
+        assert 'challenge' in options
+        assert len(token) > 0
+
+    async def test_generate_authentication_options_discoverable(self):
+        service = UserService(SimpleNamespace())
+
+        options, token = await service.generate_passkey_authentication_options(
+            rp_id='localhost',
+            origin='http://localhost:3000',
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(options, dict)
+        assert options['rpId'] == 'localhost'
+        assert 'challenge' in options
+        assert len(token) > 0

tests/unit_tests/test_optional_dependencies.py

@@ -12,4 +12,7 @@ def test_seekdb_is_only_declared_as_an_optional_dependency() -> None:
     project = pyproject['project']
     base_dependencies = project['dependencies']
     assert not any(dependency.lower().startswith('pyseekdb') for dependency in base_dependencies)
-    assert project['optional-dependencies']['seekdb'] == ['pyseekdb==1.1.0.post3']
+    assert project['optional-dependencies']['seekdb'] == [
+        'pyseekdb==1.4.0.post1',
+        "pylibseekdb==1.4.0; sys_platform == 'linux' or (sys_platform == 'darwin' and platform_machine == 'arm64')",
+    ]

tests/unit_tests/vector/test_seekdb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from langbot.pkg.vector.vdbs.seekdb import SeekDBVectorDatabase
+
+
+def _adapter_with_collection(collection: MagicMock) -> SeekDBVectorDatabase:
+    adapter = SeekDBVectorDatabase.__new__(SeekDBVectorDatabase)
+    adapter.ap = SimpleNamespace(logger=MagicMock())
+    adapter.client = MagicMock()
+    adapter.client.has_collection.return_value = True
+    adapter._collections = {'knowledge_base': collection}
+    adapter._runtime_cache_limit = 16
+    return adapter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_embeddings_upserts_and_preserves_text() -> None:
+    collection = MagicMock()
+    adapter = _adapter_with_collection(collection)
+    adapter._get_or_create_collection_internal = AsyncMock(return_value=collection)
+    original = 'He said "hello".\nC:\\notes\\file.txt isn\'t empty. 中文'
+
+    await adapter.add_embeddings(
+        collection='knowledge_base',
+        ids=['document-a'],
+        embeddings_list=[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0]],
+        metadatas=[{'text': original}],
+        documents=[original],
+    )
+
+    collection.upsert.assert_called_once_with(
+        ids=['document-a'],
+        embeddings=[[1.0, 0.0, 0.0]],
+        metadatas=[{'text': original}],
+        documents=[original],
+    )
+    collection.add.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('search_type', 'scores', 'expected_distances'),
+    [
+        ('full_text', [0.4508196721, 0.25], [0.5491803279, 0.75]),
+        ('hybrid', [0.0328, 0.0323, 0.0159], [0.9672, 0.9677, 0.9841]),
+    ],
+)
+async def test_search_converts_relevance_scores_to_distances(
+    search_type: str,
+    scores: list[float],
+    expected_distances: list[float],
+) -> None:
+    collection = MagicMock()
+    collection.hybrid_search.return_value = {
+        'ids': [['best', 'weak', 'noise'][: len(scores)]],
+        'metadatas': [[{} for _ in scores]],
+        'distances': [scores],
+    }
+    adapter = _adapter_with_collection(collection)
+
+    results = await adapter.search(
+        collection='knowledge_base',
+        query_embedding=[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        k=len(scores),
+        search_type=search_type,
+        query_text='orchid',
+        vector_weight=0.65,
+    )
+
+    assert results['distances'][0] == pytest.approx(expected_distances)
+    assert results['distances'][0] == sorted(results['distances'][0])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_vector_search_keeps_seekdb_cosine_distances() -> None:
+    collection = MagicMock()
+    collection.query.return_value = {
+        'ids': [['best', 'weak']],
+        'metadatas': [[{}, {}]],
+        'distances': [[0.1, 0.25]],
+    }
+    adapter = _adapter_with_collection(collection)
+
+    results = await adapter.search(
+        collection='knowledge_base',
+        query_embedding=[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        k=2,
+        search_type='vector',
+    )
+
+    assert results['distances'] == [[0.1, 0.25]]

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 ]
 
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 version = "13.3.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "cuda-pathfinder" },
+    { name = "cuda-pathfinder", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
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@@ -1051,34 +1099,34 @@ wheels = [
 
 [package.optional-dependencies]
 cudart = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-runtime" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-runtime", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cufft = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cufft" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cufft", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
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-    { name = "nvidia-cufile" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cufile", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 cupti = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-cupti" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-cupti", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 curand = [
-    { name = "nvidia-curand" },
+    { name = "nvidia-curand", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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+    { name = "nvidia-cusolver", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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-    { name = "nvidia-cusparse" },
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-    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
 ]
 nvrtc = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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 nvtx = [
-    { name = "nvidia-nvtx" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvtx", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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     { name = "urllib3" },
     { name = "uv" },
     { name = "valkey-glide", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "webauthn" },
     { name = "websockets" },
 ]
 
 [package.optional-dependencies]
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+    { name = "pylibseekdb", marker = "(platform_machine == 'arm64' and sys_platform == 'darwin') or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
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     { name = "pydantic", specifier = ">2.0" },
     { name = "pyjwt", specifier = ">=2.12.0" },
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     { name = "pypdf2", specifier = ">=3.0.1" },
-    { name = "pyseekdb", marker = "extra == 'seekdb'", specifier = "==1.1.0.post3" },
+    { name = "pyseekdb", marker = "extra == 'seekdb'", specifier = "==1.4.0.post1" },
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     { name = "valkey-glide", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'", specifier = ">=2.4.1,<3.0.0" },
+    { name = "webauthn", specifier = ">=3.0.0" },
     { name = "websockets", specifier = ">=15.0.1" },
 ]
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 version = "13.1.1.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cuda-nvrtc", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
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 version = "9.20.0.48"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cublas" },
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 version = "12.0.0.61"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
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 dependencies = [
-    { name = "nvidia-cublas" },
-    { name = "nvidia-cusparse" },
-    { name = "nvidia-nvjitlink" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cublas", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cusparse", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform != 'emscripten' and sys_platform != 'win32'" },
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 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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 [[package]]
@@ -4490,6 +4560,19 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/7d/5945b5af29534641820d3bd7b00962abbbdfee84ec7e19f0d5b3175f9a31/pynacl-1.6.2-cp38-abi3-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:834a43af110f743a754448463e8fd61259cd4ab5bbedcf70f9dabad1d28a394c", size = 184801, upload-time = "2026-01-01T17:32:36.309Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pyopenssl"
+version = "26.4.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "cryptography" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.13'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3f/e8/7325d258199b159eb2c03fe32107533e2832e70e63f4fb88a6aa00023201/pyopenssl-26.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:28dfcce0162b9211413e26dfbfdf1d24317fbeba18fc93c12400a1856b2a0bc7", size = 182046, upload-time = "2026-08-01T19:50:50.512Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/ad/2cf6d3fa2fae5c79e1ed9960c0d42badd0f94d81dd12b50604cdc839e648/pyopenssl-26.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f0eb0cb2d581d3ad2b9c489468485e7f2ab6727d08401bcf9d824c3caddf3c1c", size = 56026, upload-time = "2026-08-01T19:50:48.94Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pypdf2"
 version = "3.0.1"
@@ -4537,7 +4620,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyseekdb"
-version = "1.1.0.post3"
+version = "1.4.0.post1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
@@ -4551,7 +4634,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "tqdm", marker = "python_full_version < '3.14'" },
 ]
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/58/6e/2373239ab80c35a17aa14e8219727f06567e91d3b7f1b8c36d28ce94d04b/pyseekdb-1.1.0.post3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0437c9a4de72be44eb24b070b2b8099086467c08af10a57191498a61257a4bfb", size = 110985, upload-time = "2026-02-12T14:19:05.402Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/87/d5dd862faa3d4adf3847c1ce19c3ea5ecd0dcfda9c2584a95bfd2b0fac0f/pyseekdb-1.4.0.post1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a3379f6962a0c01aa029d3e5a8f0c0f5a59b27a689b8aae1931d9ce5563f252c", size = 158375, upload-time = "2026-08-03T08:56:59.501Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5172,10 +5255,10 @@ name = "scikit-learn"
 version = "1.8.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "joblib" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "scipy" },
-    { name = "threadpoolctl" },
+    { name = "joblib", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "scipy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "threadpoolctl", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0e/d4/40988bf3b8e34feec1d0e6a051446b1f66225f8529b9309becaeef62b6c4/scikit_learn-1.8.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9bccbb3b40e3de10351f8f5068e105d0f4083b1a65fa07b6634fbc401a6287fd", size = 7335585, upload-time = "2025-12-10T07:08:53.618Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -5222,7 +5305,7 @@ name = "scipy"
 version = "1.17.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "numpy" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7a/97/5a3609c4f8d58b039179648e62dd220f89864f56f7357f5d4f45c29eb2cc/scipy-1.17.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:95d8e012d8cb8816c226aef832200b1d45109ed4464303e997c5b13122b297c0", size = 30573822, upload-time = "2026-02-23T00:26:24.851Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -5293,14 +5376,14 @@ name = "sentence-transformers"
 version = "5.2.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "huggingface-hub" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "scikit-learn" },
-    { name = "scipy" },
-    { name = "torch" },
-    { name = "tqdm" },
-    { name = "transformers" },
-    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+    { name = "huggingface-hub", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "scikit-learn", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "scipy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "torch", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "tqdm", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "transformers", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5b/30/21664028fc0776eb1ca024879480bbbab36f02923a8ff9e4cae5a150fa35/sentence_transformers-5.2.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3cd3044e1f3fe859b6a1b66336aac502eaae5d3dd7d5c8fc237f37fbf58137c7", size = 381623, upload-time = "2026-02-17T14:05:20.238Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -5673,21 +5756,21 @@ name = "torch"
 version = "2.12.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "cuda-bindings", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "cuda-toolkit", extra = ["cudart", "cufft", "cufile", "cupti", "curand", "cusolver", "cusparse", "nvjitlink", "nvrtc", "nvtx"], marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "filelock" },
-    { name = "fsspec" },
-    { name = "jinja2" },
-    { name = "networkx" },
-    { name = "nvidia-cublas", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "nvidia-cudnn-cu13", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "nvidia-cusparselt-cu13", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "nvidia-nccl-cu13", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "nvidia-nvshmem-cu13", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "setuptools" },
-    { name = "sympy" },
-    { name = "triton", marker = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+    { name = "cuda-bindings", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "cuda-toolkit", extra = ["cudart", "cufft", "cufile", "cupti", "curand", "cusolver", "cusparse", "nvjitlink", "nvrtc", "nvtx"], marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "filelock", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "fsspec", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "jinja2", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "networkx", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cublas", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cudnn-cu13", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-cusparselt-cu13", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nccl-cu13", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "nvidia-nvshmem-cu13", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "setuptools", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "sympy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "triton", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' and sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/59/38/7028d3be540f1dcdf41660a2b01d0c51d2cb73915fe370d84e4d277a6d47/torch-2.12.1-cp311-cp311-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:ef81f503912effea2ce3d9b12a2e3a6ed488943e91271c90c7a829f60baf6aa2", size = 87975425, upload-time = "2026-06-17T21:08:34.094Z" },
@@ -5729,15 +5812,15 @@ name = "transformers"
 version = "5.3.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "huggingface-hub" },
-    { name = "numpy" },
-    { name = "packaging" },
-    { name = "pyyaml" },
-    { name = "regex" },
-    { name = "safetensors" },
-    { name = "tokenizers" },
-    { name = "tqdm" },
-    { name = "typer" },
+    { name = "huggingface-hub", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "numpy", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "packaging", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "pyyaml", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "regex", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "safetensors", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "tokenizers", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "tqdm", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
+    { name = "typer", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fc/1a/70e830d53ecc96ce69cfa8de38f163712d2b43ac52fbd743f39f56025c31/transformers-5.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:009555b364029da9e2946d41f1c5de9f15e6b1df46b189b7293f33a161b9c557", size = 8830831, upload-time = "2026-03-04T17:41:46.119Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -5998,9 +6081,9 @@ name = "valkey-glide"
 version = "2.4.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "anyio" },
-    { name = "protobuf" },
-    { name = "sniffio" },
+    { name = "anyio", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "protobuf", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'" },
+    { name = "sniffio", marker = "sys_platform != 'win32'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/a2/582b34c6acc8dc857c537f6007459cba48dfa0dc404789a657e5c1a998c0/valkey_glide-2.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f1155d84156d11b90488aa67e90102f0bf98a45314f5b99308ac9074c05f7241", size = 898030, upload-time = "2026-05-28T21:41:55.881Z" }
 wheels = [
@@ -6166,6 +6249,22 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/eb/d8/0d1d2e9d3fabcf5d6840362adcf05f8cf3cd06a73358140c3a97189238ae/wcmatch-10.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5848ace7dbb0476e5e55ab63c6bbd529745089343427caa5537f230cc01beb8a", size = 39854, upload-time = "2025-06-22T19:14:00.978Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "webauthn"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "cbor2" },
+    { name = "cryptography" },
+    { name = "pyasn1" },
+    { name = "pyasn1-modules" },
+    { name = "pyopenssl" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/22/b19c91e850c4578b7d6cdb53453c5fe2f2e99d0c56e322c65c3caf1b3051/webauthn-3.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:324e54e1f6eeef486623b5d90df6fcd74ae04ff0c137d2b818a8f709b6ca3ab8", size = 160472, upload-time = "2026-06-29T22:40:33.478Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/d3/38d4efaedba74d854f88b60fd7b80ab37869032f9a9ad54d1892dab20241/webauthn-3.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b5d0c02b6efa16be683f8a75abd2073f5e59a15f42623cc22c31f27600259e64", size = 73887, upload-time = "2026-06-29T22:40:32.171Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "websocket-client"
 version = "1.9.0"

web/package.json

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
     "@radix-ui/react-toggle": "^1.1.8",
     "@radix-ui/react-toggle-group": "^1.1.9",
     "@radix-ui/react-tooltip": "^1.2.7",
+    "@simplewebauthn/browser": "^14.0.0",
     "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.5",
     "@tanstack/react-table": "^8.21.3",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",

web/pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ dependencies:
   '@radix-ui/react-tooltip':
     specifier: ^1.2.7
     version: 1.2.8(@types/react-dom@19.2.3)(@types/react@19.2.10)(react-dom@19.2.1)(react@19.2.1)
+  '@simplewebauthn/browser':
+    specifier: ^14.0.0
+    version: 14.0.0
   '@tailwindcss/postcss':
     specifier: ^4.1.5
     version: 4.1.18
@@ -1846,6 +1849,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1855,6 +1859,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [musl]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1864,6 +1869,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [ppc64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1873,6 +1879,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [s390x]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1882,6 +1889,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1891,6 +1899,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [musl]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -1942,6 +1951,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-2j9bGt5Jh8hj+vPtgzPtl72j0yRxHAyumoo6TNfAjsLB04UtpSvPbPcDcBMxz7n+9CYB0c1GxQFxYRg2jimqGw==}
     dev: false
 
+  /@simplewebauthn/browser@14.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1odWVqeEBTl7lJ9zMKLEsmTlnyrDO5iRcTvfMKKk1WThUnp/i8JJdffdj2icP+tty159s4PgwE3BiMoEW9NFow==}
+    dev: false
+
   /@standard-schema/utils@0.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-e7Mew686owMaPJVNNLs55PUvgz371nKgwsc4vxE49zsODpJEnxgxRo2y/OKrqueavXgZNMDVj3DdHFlaSAeU8g==}
     dev: false
@@ -4240,6 +4253,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0'}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -4259,6 +4273,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0'}
     cpu: [arm64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [musl]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -4278,6 +4293,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0'}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [glibc]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true
@@ -4297,6 +4313,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0'}
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [linux]
+    libc: [musl]
     requiresBuild: true
     dev: false
     optional: true

web/src/app/home/components/account-settings-dialog/AccountSettingsPanel.tsx

@@ -12,8 +12,20 @@ import {
 } from '@/components/ui/item';
 import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
 import { systemInfo } from '@/app/infra/http';
-import { Loader2, ExternalLink, KeyRound, Layers } from 'lucide-react';
+import {
+  Loader2,
+  ExternalLink,
+  KeyRound,
+  Layers,
+  Fingerprint,
+  Plus,
+  Trash2,
+  Pencil,
+  ShieldCheck,
+} from 'lucide-react';
+import { startRegistration } from '@simplewebauthn/browser';
 import PasswordChangeDialog from '../password-change-dialog/PasswordChangeDialog';
+import TotpEnrollDialog from './TotpEnrollDialog';
 import { PanelBody } from '../settings-dialog/panel-layout';
 
 interface AccountSettingsPanelProps {
@@ -22,6 +34,16 @@ interface AccountSettingsPanelProps {
   onEmailResolved?: (email: string) => void;
 }
 
+interface PasskeyItem {
+  uuid: string;
+  name: string;
+  aaguid?: string;
+  transports?: string;
+  backed_up?: boolean;
+  created_at?: string;
+  last_used_at?: string;
+}
+
 export default function AccountSettingsPanel({
   active,
   onEmailResolved,
@@ -33,10 +55,19 @@ export default function AccountSettingsPanel({
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [spaceBindLoading, setSpaceBindLoading] = useState(false);
   const [passwordDialogOpen, setPasswordDialogOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [passkeys, setPasskeys] = useState<PasskeyItem[]>([]);
+  const [passkeyLoading, setPasskeyLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [registeringPasskey, setRegisteringPasskey] = useState(false);
+  const [totpEnabled, setTotpEnabled] = useState(false);
+  const [remainingRecoveryCodes, setRemainingRecoveryCodes] = useState(0);
+  const [totpLoading, setTotpLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [totpDialogOpen, setTotpDialogOpen] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (active) {
       loadUserInfo();
+      loadPasskeys();
+      loadTotpStatus();
     }
   }, [active]);
 
@@ -55,6 +86,80 @@ export default function AccountSettingsPanel({
     }
   }
 
+  async function loadPasskeys() {
+    setPasskeyLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const list = await httpClient.getPasskeys();
+      setPasskeys(list);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    } finally {
+      setPasskeyLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function loadTotpStatus() {
+    setTotpLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const status = await httpClient.getTotpStatus();
+      setTotpEnabled(status.enabled);
+      setRemainingRecoveryCodes(status.remaining_recovery_codes);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    } finally {
+      setTotpLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleAddPasskey = async () => {
+    setRegisteringPasskey(true);
+    try {
+      const { options, challenge_token } =
+        await httpClient.getPasskeyRegisterOptions(window.location.origin);
+      const regResp = await startRegistration({ optionsJSON: options });
+      const defaultName =
+        prompt(t('account.passkeyNamePlaceholder')) || undefined;
+      await httpClient.verifyPasskeyRegister(
+        challenge_token,
+        regResp,
+        defaultName,
+      );
+      toast.success(t('account.passkeyAddedSuccess'));
+      await loadPasskeys();
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      if (error?.name === 'NotAllowedError') {
+        // User cancelled
+      } else {
+        toast.error(error?.message || t('common.error'));
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setRegisteringPasskey(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleDeletePasskey = async (uuid: string) => {
+    if (!confirm(t('account.deletePasskeyConfirm'))) return;
+    try {
+      await httpClient.deletePasskey(uuid);
+      toast.success(t('account.passkeyDeleteSuccess'));
+      await loadPasskeys();
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      toast.error(error?.message || t('common.error'));
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleRenamePasskey = async (uuid: string, currentName: string) => {
+    const newName = prompt(t('account.passkeyName'), currentName);
+    if (!newName || !newName.trim() || newName === currentName) return;
+    try {
+      await httpClient.renamePasskey(uuid, newName.trim());
+      toast.success(t('account.passkeyRenameSuccess'));
+      await loadPasskeys();
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      toast.error(error?.message || t('common.error'));
+    }
+  };
+
   const handleBindSpace = async () => {
     setSpaceBindLoading(true);
     try {
@@ -148,6 +253,155 @@ export default function AccountSettingsPanel({
               </ItemActions>
             )}
           </Item>
+
+          {/* Passkey Section */}
+          <div className="pt-4 space-y-3">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <div>
+                <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">
+                  {t('account.passkeySectionTitle')}
+                </h4>
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  {t('account.passkeySectionDesc')}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                size="sm"
+                onClick={handleAddPasskey}
+                disabled={
+                  registeringPasskey || !systemInfo.allow_modify_login_info
+                }
+                className="cursor-pointer"
+              >
+                {registeringPasskey ? (
+                  <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                ) : (
+                  <Plus className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+                )}
+                {t('account.addPasskey')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+
+            {passkeyLoading ? (
+              <div className="flex justify-center py-4">
+                <Loader2 className="h-5 w-5 animate-spin text-muted-foreground" />
+              </div>
+            ) : passkeys.length === 0 ? (
+              <div className="rounded-lg border border-dashed p-4 text-center text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                {t('account.noPasskeys')}
+              </div>
+            ) : (
+              <div className="space-y-2">
+                {passkeys.map((pk) => (
+                  <Item
+                    key={pk.uuid}
+                    size="sm"
+                    variant="muted"
+                    className="rounded-lg"
+                  >
+                    <ItemMedia variant="icon">
+                      <Fingerprint className="h-4 w-4" />
+                    </ItemMedia>
+                    <ItemContent>
+                      <ItemTitle>{pk.name}</ItemTitle>
+                      <ItemDescription>
+                        {pk.created_at && (
+                          <span>
+                            {t('account.passkeyCreated', {
+                              date: new Date(
+                                pk.created_at,
+                              ).toLocaleDateString(),
+                            })}
+                          </span>
+                        )}
+                        {pk.last_used_at && (
+                          <span className="ml-2">
+                            ·{' '}
+                            {t('account.passkeyLastUsed', {
+                              date: new Date(
+                                pk.last_used_at,
+                              ).toLocaleDateString(),
+                            })}
+                          </span>
+                        )}
+                      </ItemDescription>
+                    </ItemContent>
+                    <ItemActions>
+                      <Button
+                        variant="ghost"
+                        size="icon"
+                        className="h-8 w-8 cursor-pointer"
+                        onClick={() => handleRenamePasskey(pk.uuid, pk.name)}
+                        disabled={!systemInfo.allow_modify_login_info}
+                      >
+                        <Pencil className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                      </Button>
+                      <Button
+                        variant="ghost"
+                        size="icon"
+                        className="h-8 w-8 text-destructive cursor-pointer hover:text-destructive"
+                        onClick={() => handleDeletePasskey(pk.uuid)}
+                        disabled={!systemInfo.allow_modify_login_info}
+                      >
+                        <Trash2 className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+                      </Button>
+                    </ItemActions>
+                  </Item>
+                ))}
+              </div>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* TOTP (2FA) Section */}
+          <div className="pt-4 space-y-3">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <div>
+                <h4 className="text-sm font-medium">
+                  {t('account.totpSectionTitle')}
+                </h4>
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  {t('account.totpSectionDesc')}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+              <Button
+                variant="outline"
+                size="sm"
+                onClick={() => setTotpDialogOpen(true)}
+                disabled={totpLoading || !systemInfo.allow_modify_login_info}
+                className="cursor-pointer"
+              >
+                {totpLoading ? (
+                  <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                ) : (
+                  <ShieldCheck className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+                )}
+                {totpEnabled
+                  ? t('account.disableTotp')
+                  : t('account.enableTotp')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+
+            <Item size="sm" variant="muted" className="rounded-lg">
+              <ItemMedia variant="icon">
+                <ShieldCheck className="h-4 w-4" />
+              </ItemMedia>
+              <ItemContent>
+                <ItemTitle>
+                  {totpEnabled
+                    ? t('account.totpEnabled')
+                    : t('account.totpDisabled')}
+                </ItemTitle>
+                <ItemDescription>
+                  {totpEnabled
+                    ? t('account.totpRecoveryCodesRemaining', {
+                        count: remainingRecoveryCodes,
+                      })
+                    : t('account.totpSectionDesc')}
+                </ItemDescription>
+              </ItemContent>
+            </Item>
+          </div>
         </div>
       )}
 
@@ -156,6 +410,13 @@ export default function AccountSettingsPanel({
         onOpenChange={handlePasswordDialogClose}
         hasPassword={hasPassword}
       />
+
+      <TotpEnrollDialog
+        open={totpDialogOpen}
+        onOpenChange={setTotpDialogOpen}
+        enabled={totpEnabled}
+        onChanged={loadTotpStatus}
+      />
     </PanelBody>
   );
 }

web/src/app/infra/http/BackendClient.ts

@@ -1241,10 +1241,21 @@ export class BackendClient extends BaseHttpClient {
     );
   }
 
-  public authUser(user: string, password: string): Promise<ApiRespUserToken> {
+  public authUser(
+    user: string,
+    password: string,
+    secondFactor?: { totpCode?: string; recoveryCode?: string },
+  ): Promise<ApiRespUserToken> {
     return this.post(
       '/api/v1/user/auth',
-      { user, password },
+      {
+        user,
+        password,
+        ...(secondFactor?.totpCode ? { totp_code: secondFactor.totpCode } : {}),
+        ...(secondFactor?.recoveryCode
+          ? { recovery_code: secondFactor.recoveryCode }
+          : {}),
+      },
       { skipWorkspace: true },
     );
   }
@@ -1257,15 +1268,25 @@ export class BackendClient extends BaseHttpClient {
 
   public resetPassword(
     user: string,
-    recoveryKey: string,
     newPassword: string,
+    factor:
+      | { recoveryKey: string }
+      | { totpCode: string }
+      | { recoveryCode: string },
   ): Promise<{ user: string }> {
     return this.post(
       '/api/v1/user/reset-password',
       {
         user,
-        recovery_key: recoveryKey,
         new_password: newPassword,
+        // Exactly one proof-of-ownership factor is accepted by the backend.
+        ...('recoveryKey' in factor
+          ? { recovery_key: factor.recoveryKey }
+          : {}),
+        ...('totpCode' in factor ? { totp_code: factor.totpCode } : {}),
+        ...('recoveryCode' in factor
+          ? { recovery_code: factor.recoveryCode }
+          : {}),
       },
       { skipWorkspace: true },
     );
@@ -1290,6 +1311,7 @@ export class BackendClient extends BaseHttpClient {
     user: string;
     account_type: 'local' | 'space';
     has_password: boolean;
+    totp_enabled?: boolean;
   }> {
     return this.get('/api/v1/user/info', undefined, { skipWorkspace: true });
   }
@@ -1304,12 +1326,153 @@ export class BackendClient extends BaseHttpClient {
     invitation_registration_enabled?: boolean;
     password_login_enabled?: boolean;
     space_login_enabled?: boolean;
+    passkey_login_enabled?: boolean;
+    passkey_supported?: boolean;
+    totp_supported?: boolean;
   }> {
     return this.get('/api/v1/user/account-info', undefined, {
       skipWorkspace: true,
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Whether the account identified by the given email has TOTP enabled.
+   *
+   * This endpoint is unauthenticated so the password-recovery page can decide
+   * whether to offer the TOTP / recovery-code verification methods. The
+   * response only exposes the boolean capability.
+   */
+  public checkTotpForEmail(user: string): Promise<{ totp_enabled: boolean }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/totp/check',
+      { user },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  // ============ Passkey (WebAuthn) API ============
+  public getPasskeyAuthOptions(
+    email?: string,
+    origin?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ options: any; challenge_token: string }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/options',
+      { email, origin },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public verifyPasskeyAuth(
+    challenge_token: string,
+    credential: any,
+  ): Promise<{ token: string; user: string }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/passkey/auth/verify',
+      { challenge_token, credential },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public getPasskeyRegisterOptions(
+    origin?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ options: any; challenge_token: string }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/passkey/register/options',
+      { origin },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public verifyPasskeyRegister(
+    challenge_token: string,
+    credential: any,
+    name?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ uuid: string; name: string; created_at?: string }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/passkey/register/verify',
+      { challenge_token, credential, name },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public getPasskeys(): Promise<
+    Array<{
+      uuid: string;
+      name: string;
+      aaguid?: string;
+      transports?: string;
+      backed_up?: boolean;
+      created_at?: string;
+      last_used_at?: string;
+    }>
+  > {
+    return this.get('/api/v1/user/passkeys', undefined, {
+      skipWorkspace: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  public renamePasskey(
+    uuid: string,
+    name: string,
+  ): Promise<{ uuid: string; name: string }> {
+    return this.patch(
+      `/api/v1/user/passkey/${encodeURIComponent(uuid)}`,
+      { name },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public deletePasskey(uuid: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this.delete(`/api/v1/user/passkey/${encodeURIComponent(uuid)}`, {
+      skipWorkspace: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // ============ TOTP (2FA) API ============
+  public getTotpStatus(): Promise<{
+    enabled: boolean;
+    remaining_recovery_codes: number;
+  }> {
+    return this.get('/api/v1/user/totp/status', undefined, {
+      skipWorkspace: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  public beginTotpEnrollment(): Promise<{
+    secret: string;
+    otpauth_uri: string;
+    qr_svg: string;
+    recovery_codes: string[];
+  }> {
+    return this.post('/api/v1/user/totp/enroll', {}, { skipWorkspace: true });
+  }
+
+  public verifyTotpEnrollment(code: string): Promise<{ enabled: boolean }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/totp/enroll/verify',
+      { code },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public regenerateTotpRecoveryCodes(
+    code: string,
+  ): Promise<{ recovery_codes: string[] }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/totp/recovery-codes',
+      { code },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
+  public disableTotp(code: string): Promise<{ success: boolean }> {
+    return this.post(
+      '/api/v1/user/totp/disable',
+      { code },
+      { skipWorkspace: true },
+    );
+  }
+
   // ============ Workspace API ============
   public getWorkspaceBootstrap(): Promise<WorkspaceBootstrapResponse> {
     return this.get('/api/v1/workspaces/bootstrap', undefined, {

web/src/app/login/page.tsx

@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ import {
   AlertCircle,
   RefreshCw,
   Layers,
+  Fingerprint,
+  ShieldCheck,
 } from 'lucide-react';
+import { startAuthentication } from '@simplewebauthn/browser';
 import langbotIcon from '@/app/assets/langbot-logo.webp';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
@@ -63,10 +66,21 @@ export default function Login() {
   const [spaceLoading, setSpaceLoading] = useState(false);
   const [showLocalLogin, setShowLocalLogin] = useState(false);
   const [showSpaceLogin, setShowSpaceLogin] = useState(false);
+  const [showPasskeyLogin, setShowPasskeyLogin] = useState(false);
+  const [passkeyLoading, setPasskeyLoading] = useState(false);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [loadError, setLoadError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [retrying, setRetrying] = useState(false);
   const autoSpaceLoginStarted = useRef(false);
+  // Second-factor state: when /auth replies with totp_required we keep the
+  // credentials and ask for a TOTP or recovery code instead of a password.
+  const [totpRequired, setTotpRequired] = useState(false);
+  const [totpCode, setTotpCode] = useState('');
+  const [totpSubmitting, setTotpSubmitting] = useState(false);
+  const [pendingCredentials, setPendingCredentials] = useState<{
+    username: string;
+    password: string;
+  } | null>(null);
 
   const form = useForm<z.infer<ReturnType<typeof formSchema>>>({
     resolver: zodResolver(formSchema(t)),
@@ -90,6 +104,9 @@ export default function Login() {
       }
       setShowLocalLogin(res.password_login_enabled !== false);
       setShowSpaceLogin(res.space_login_enabled !== false);
+      setShowPasskeyLogin(
+        res.passkey_login_enabled !== false || Boolean(res.passkey_supported),
+      );
       setLoading(false);
 
       // Also check if already logged in
@@ -184,6 +201,30 @@ export default function Login() {
     handleLogin(values.email, values.password);
   }
 
+  async function handlePasskeyLogin() {
+    setPasskeyLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const { options, challenge_token } =
+        await httpClient.getPasskeyAuthOptions(
+          undefined,
+          window.location.origin,
+        );
+      const authResp = await startAuthentication({ optionsJSON: options });
+      const res = await httpClient.verifyPasskeyAuth(challenge_token, authResp);
+      if (await finishLogin(res.token, res.user)) {
+        toast.success(t('common.passkeyLoginSuccess'));
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      if (error?.name === 'NotAllowedError') {
+        // User cancelled the biometric prompt
+      } else {
+        toast.error(error?.message || t('common.passkeyLoginFailed'));
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setPasskeyLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
   function handleLogin(username: string, password: string) {
     httpClient
       .authUser(username, password)
@@ -192,11 +233,49 @@ export default function Login() {
           toast.success(t('common.loginSuccess'));
         }
       })
-      .catch(() => {
+      .catch((error: unknown) => {
+        const apiError = error as { code?: string };
+        if (apiError?.code === 'totp_required') {
+          // Password was accepted; the account additionally requires TOTP.
+          setPendingCredentials({ username, password });
+          setTotpCode('');
+          setTotpRequired(true);
+          return;
+        }
         toast.error(t('common.loginFailed'));
       });
   }
 
+  async function handleTotpSubmit() {
+    if (!pendingCredentials || !totpCode.trim()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    setTotpSubmitting(true);
+    try {
+      const code = totpCode.trim();
+      // A recovery code is longer than six digits; treat it as such so users
+      // can sign in even when the authenticator is unavailable.
+      const isRecoveryCode = code.replace(/\s/g, '').length !== 6;
+      const res = await httpClient.authUser(
+        pendingCredentials.username,
+        pendingCredentials.password,
+        isRecoveryCode ? { recoveryCode: code } : { totpCode: code },
+      );
+      setTotpRequired(false);
+      setPendingCredentials(null);
+      if (await finishLogin(res.token, pendingCredentials.username)) {
+        toast.success(t('common.loginSuccess'));
+      }
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      const apiError = error as { code?: string; message?: string };
+      // Keep the second-factor step open so the user can retry; surface the
+      // server message when available.
+      toast.error(apiError?.message || t('common.loginTotpInvalid'));
+    } finally {
+      setTotpSubmitting(false);
+    }
+  }
+
   const handleSpaceLoginClick = useCallback(async () => {
     setSpaceLoading(true);
     try {
@@ -305,8 +384,67 @@ export default function Login() {
           </CardDescription>
         </CardHeader>
         <CardContent className="space-y-6">
+          {/* TOTP second-factor step: shown after the password is accepted. */}
+          {totpRequired && (
+            <div className="space-y-4">
+              <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-1 text-center">
+                <ShieldCheck className="h-8 w-8 text-primary" />
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium">
+                  {t('common.loginTotpTitle')}
+                </p>
+                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                  {t('common.loginTotpDesc')}
+                </p>
+              </div>
+              <div className="relative">
+                <ShieldCheck className="absolute left-3 top-3 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                <Input
+                  value={totpCode}
+                  onChange={(e) => setTotpCode(e.target.value)}
+                  placeholder={t('common.loginTotpPlaceholder')}
+                  className="pl-10 font-mono tracking-widest"
+                  inputMode="text"
+                  autoComplete="one-time-code"
+                  autoFocus
+                  onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                    if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+                      void handleTotpSubmit();
+                    }
+                  }}
+                />
+              </div>
+              <Button
+                type="button"
+                className="w-full cursor-pointer"
+                onClick={handleTotpSubmit}
+                disabled={totpSubmitting || !totpCode.trim()}
+              >
+                {totpSubmitting ? (
+                  <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                ) : (
+                  <ShieldCheck className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+                )}
+                {totpSubmitting
+                  ? t('common.loginTotpVerifying')
+                  : t('common.loginTotpVerify')}
+              </Button>
+              <Button
+                type="button"
+                variant="ghost"
+                className="w-full cursor-pointer"
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setTotpRequired(false);
+                  setPendingCredentials(null);
+                  setTotpCode('');
+                }}
+              >
+                {t('common.backToLogin')}
+              </Button>
+            </div>
+          )}
+
           {/* Space and password login are per-account capabilities. */}
-          {showSpaceLogin && (
+          {!totpRequired && showSpaceLogin && (
             <div className="space-y-3">
               <Button
                 type="button"
@@ -324,22 +462,43 @@ export default function Login() {
             </div>
           )}
 
-          {/* Divider - only show if both login methods are available */}
-          {showSpaceLogin && showLocalLogin && (
-            <div className="relative">
-              <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center">
-                <span className="w-full border-t" />
-              </div>
-              <div className="relative flex justify-center text-xs uppercase">
-                <span className="bg-white dark:bg-card px-2 text-muted-foreground">
-                  {t('common.or')}
-                </span>
-              </div>
+          {!totpRequired && showPasskeyLogin && (
+            <div className="space-y-3">
+              <Button
+                type="button"
+                variant="outline"
+                className="w-full cursor-pointer"
+                onClick={handlePasskeyLogin}
+                disabled={passkeyLoading}
+              >
+                {passkeyLoading ? (
+                  <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                ) : (
+                  <Fingerprint className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+                )}
+                {t('common.loginWithPasskey')}
+              </Button>
             </div>
           )}
 
+          {/* Divider - only show if both login methods are available */}
+          {!totpRequired &&
+            (showSpaceLogin || showPasskeyLogin) &&
+            showLocalLogin && (
+              <div className="relative">
+                <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center">
+                  <span className="w-full border-t" />
+                </div>
+                <div className="relative flex justify-center text-xs uppercase">
+                  <span className="bg-white dark:bg-card px-2 text-muted-foreground">
+                    {t('common.or')}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
           {/* Password login remains available to every account with a password. */}
-          {showLocalLogin && (
+          {!totpRequired && showLocalLogin && (
             <Form {...form}>
               <form
                 onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)}

web/src/app/register/page.tsx

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
-import { Mail, Lock, Loader2, Info, Layers } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Mail, Lock, Loader2, Info, Layers, ShieldCheck } from 'lucide-react';
 import {
   Popover,
   PopoverContent,
@@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ export default function Register() {
                   >
                     {t('register.registerWithPassword')}
                   </Button>
+                  {/* Recommend enabling TOTP once the account exists */}
+                  <p className="flex items-start gap-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    <ShieldCheck className="mt-0.5 h-3.5 w-3.5 shrink-0 text-primary" />
+                    <span>{t('register.totpHint')}</span>
+                  </p>
                 </form>
               </Form>
             </>

web/src/app/reset-password/page.tsx

@@ -19,19 +19,24 @@ import {
   FormMessage,
   FormDescription,
 } from '@/components/ui/form';
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Tabs, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
-import { Mail, Lock, ArrowLeft, KeyRound } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Mail, Lock, ArrowLeft, KeyRound, ShieldCheck } from 'lucide-react';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { ThemeToggle } from '@/components/ui/theme-toggle';
 
+type RecoveryMethod = 'recoveryKey' | 'totp' | 'recoveryCode';
+
 const formSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
   z.object({
     email: z.string().email(t('common.invalidEmail')),
-    recoveryKey: z.string().min(1, t('resetPassword.recoveryKeyRequired')),
+    recoveryKey: z.string().optional(),
+    totpCode: z.string().optional(),
+    recoveryCode: z.string().optional(),
     newPassword: z.string().min(1, t('resetPassword.newPasswordRequired')),
   });
 
@@ -39,34 +44,129 @@ export default function ResetPassword() {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [isResetting, setIsResetting] = useState(false);
+  const [method, setMethod] = useState<RecoveryMethod>('recoveryKey');
+  // Whether TOTP is enabled for the email currently entered. `null` means we have
+  // not yet resolved it (empty/invalid email), so the TOTP methods stay disabled
+  // until we can confirm the account actually enrolled one.
+  const [totpEnabledForEmail, setTotpEnabledForEmail] = useState<
+    boolean | null
+  >(null);
 
   const form = useForm<z.infer<ReturnType<typeof formSchema>>>({
     resolver: zodResolver(formSchema(t)),
     defaultValues: {
       email: '',
       recoveryKey: '',
+      totpCode: '',
+      recoveryCode: '',
       newPassword: '',
     },
   });
 
+  // Watch the email so we can resolve, per account, whether TOTP is enabled.
+  const email = form.watch('email');
+
+  // Resolve whether the entered email has TOTP enabled; only then may the user
+  // pick the TOTP / recovery-code verification methods. While unresolved (empty
+  // or invalid email) both TOTP methods stay disabled, so an account without
+  // TOTP can never select them.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!email || !z.string().email().safeParse(email).success) {
+      setTotpEnabledForEmail(null);
+      setMethod('recoveryKey');
+      return;
+    }
+    let cancelled = false;
+    // Debounce so we only query once the user pauses typing.
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      httpClient
+        .checkTotpForEmail(email)
+        .then((res) => {
+          if (cancelled) {
+            return;
+          }
+          setTotpEnabledForEmail(res.totp_enabled);
+          if (!res.totp_enabled) {
+            setMethod('recoveryKey');
+          }
+        })
+        .catch(() => {
+          if (!cancelled) {
+            // Fail closed: if we cannot confirm TOTP, only the recovery key is
+            // offered rather than letting an unverified TOTP path through.
+            setTotpEnabledForEmail(null);
+            setMethod('recoveryKey');
+          }
+        });
+    }, 400);
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+      clearTimeout(timer);
+    };
+  }, [email]);
+
+  const totpMethodsDisabled = totpEnabledForEmail !== true;
+
   function onSubmit(values: z.infer<ReturnType<typeof formSchema>>) {
-    handleResetPassword(values.email, values.recoveryKey, values.newPassword);
+    if (method === 'recoveryKey') {
+      if (!values.recoveryKey || !values.recoveryKey.trim()) {
+        toast.error(t('resetPassword.recoveryKeyRequired'));
+        return;
+      }
+      handleResetPassword(
+        values.email,
+        { recoveryKey: values.recoveryKey.trim() },
+        values.newPassword,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    if (method === 'totp') {
+      if (!values.totpCode || !values.totpCode.trim()) {
+        toast.error(t('resetPassword.totpCodeRequired'));
+        return;
+      }
+      handleResetPassword(
+        values.email,
+        { totpCode: values.totpCode.trim() },
+        values.newPassword,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!values.recoveryCode || !values.recoveryCode.trim()) {
+      toast.error(t('resetPassword.recoveryCodeRequired'));
+      return;
+    }
+    handleResetPassword(
+      values.email,
+      { recoveryCode: values.recoveryCode.trim() },
+      values.newPassword,
+    );
   }
 
   function handleResetPassword(
     email: string,
-    recoveryKey: string,
+    factor:
+      | { recoveryKey: string }
+      | { totpCode: string }
+      | { recoveryCode: string },
     newPassword: string,
   ) {
     setIsResetting(true);
     httpClient
-      .resetPassword(email, recoveryKey, newPassword)
+      .resetPassword(email, newPassword, factor)
       .then(() => {
         toast.success(t('resetPassword.resetSuccess'));
         navigate('/login');
       })
-      .catch(() => {
-        toast.error(t('resetPassword.resetFailed'));
+      .catch((error: unknown) => {
+        const apiError = error as { code?: string };
+        if (apiError?.code === 'totp_not_enabled') {
+          toast.error(t('resetPassword.totpNotEnabled'));
+        } else if (apiError?.code === 'totp_invalid_code') {
+          toast.error(t('resetPassword.invalidTotpCode'));
+        } else {
+          toast.error(t('resetPassword.resetFailed'));
+        }
       })
       .finally(() => {
         setIsResetting(false);
@@ -118,32 +218,124 @@ export default function ResetPassword() {
                 )}
               />
 
-              <FormField
-                control={form.control}
-                name="recoveryKey"
-                render={({ field }) => (
-                  <FormItem>
-                    <FormLabel>{t('resetPassword.recoveryKey')}</FormLabel>
-                    <FormDescription>
-                      {t('resetPassword.recoveryKeyDescription')}
-                    </FormDescription>
-                    <FormControl>
-                      {/* Recovery keys are case-sensitive base64url strings; send them verbatim */}
-                      <div className="relative">
-                        <KeyRound className="absolute left-3 top-3 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
-                        <Input
-                          placeholder={t('resetPassword.enterRecoveryKey')}
-                          className="pl-10 font-mono"
-                          autoComplete="off"
-                          spellCheck={false}
-                          {...field}
-                        />
-                      </div>
-                    </FormControl>
-                    <FormMessage />
-                  </FormItem>
+              {/* Recovery method selector: recovery key, TOTP, or recovery code.
+                  The TOTP-based methods are only selectable once we have
+                  confirmed the entered account actually enrolled TOTP. */}
+              <div className="space-y-3">
+                <FormLabel>{t('resetPassword.verifyMethod')}</FormLabel>
+                <Tabs
+                  value={method}
+                  onValueChange={(v) => setMethod(v as RecoveryMethod)}
+                >
+                  <TabsList className="w-full">
+                    <TabsTrigger value="recoveryKey" className="flex-1">
+                      {t('resetPassword.recoveryKey')}
+                    </TabsTrigger>
+                    <TabsTrigger
+                      value="totp"
+                      className="flex-1"
+                      disabled={totpMethodsDisabled}
+                    >
+                      {t('resetPassword.totpMethod')}
+                    </TabsTrigger>
+                    <TabsTrigger
+                      value="recoveryCode"
+                      className="flex-1"
+                      disabled={totpMethodsDisabled}
+                    >
+                      {t('resetPassword.recoveryCodeMethod')}
+                    </TabsTrigger>
+                  </TabsList>
+                </Tabs>
+                {totpMethodsDisabled && (
+                  <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                    {t('resetPassword.totpMethodsUnavailable')}
+                  </p>
                 )}
-              />
+              </div>
+
+              {method === 'recoveryKey' && (
+                <FormField
+                  control={form.control}
+                  name="recoveryKey"
+                  render={({ field }) => (
+                    <FormItem>
+                      <FormLabel>{t('resetPassword.recoveryKey')}</FormLabel>
+                      <FormDescription>
+                        {t('resetPassword.recoveryKeyDescription')}
+                      </FormDescription>
+                      <FormControl>
+                        {/* Recovery keys are case-sensitive base64url strings; send them verbatim */}
+                        <div className="relative">
+                          <KeyRound className="absolute left-3 top-3 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                          <Input
+                            placeholder={t('resetPassword.enterRecoveryKey')}
+                            className="pl-10 font-mono"
+                            autoComplete="off"
+                            spellCheck={false}
+                            {...field}
+                          />
+                        </div>
+                      </FormControl>
+                      <FormMessage />
+                    </FormItem>
+                  )}
+                />
+              )}
+
+              {method === 'totp' && (
+                <FormField
+                  control={form.control}
+                  name="totpCode"
+                  render={({ field }) => (
+                    <FormItem>
+                      <FormLabel>{t('resetPassword.totpCode')}</FormLabel>
+                      <FormDescription>
+                        {t('resetPassword.totpMethodDescription')}
+                      </FormDescription>
+                      <FormControl>
+                        <div className="relative">
+                          <ShieldCheck className="absolute left-3 top-3 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                          <Input
+                            placeholder={t('resetPassword.enterTotpCode')}
+                            className="pl-10 font-mono tracking-widest"
+                            inputMode="numeric"
+                            autoComplete="one-time-code"
+                            maxLength={6}
+                            {...field}
+                          />
+                        </div>
+                      </FormControl>
+                      <FormMessage />
+                    </FormItem>
+                  )}
+                />
+              )}
+
+              {method === 'recoveryCode' && (
+                <FormField
+                  control={form.control}
+                  name="recoveryCode"
+                  render={({ field }) => (
+                    <FormItem>
+                      <FormLabel>{t('resetPassword.recoveryCode')}</FormLabel>
+                      <FormControl>
+                        <div className="relative">
+                          <ShieldCheck className="absolute left-3 top-3 h-4 w-4 text-gray-400" />
+                          <Input
+                            placeholder={t('resetPassword.enterRecoveryCode')}
+                            className="pl-10 font-mono"
+                            autoComplete="off"
+                            spellCheck={false}
+                            {...field}
+                          />
+                        </div>
+                      </FormControl>
+                      <FormMessage />
+                    </FormItem>
+                  )}
+                />
+              )}
 
               <FormField
                 control={form.control}

web/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -86,6 +86,17 @@ const enUS = {
       'Recommended: Use official stable model APIs and cloud services',
     loginLocal: 'Login with local account',
     loginWithPassword: 'Login with password',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'Sign in with Passkey',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Passkey verified successfully, signing in...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Failed to sign in with Passkey',
+    passkeyNotSupported: 'Passkey is not supported on this browser or device',
+    loginTotpTitle: 'Two-Factor Verification',
+    loginTotpDesc:
+      'Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app, or a recovery code',
+    loginTotpPlaceholder: 'Authenticator or recovery code',
+    loginTotpVerify: 'Verify',
+    loginTotpVerifying: 'Verifying...',
+    loginTotpInvalid: 'Invalid code, please try again',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'Login with LangBot Account',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'Scan the QR code or visit the link below to authorize',
@@ -1275,6 +1286,8 @@ const enUS = {
     registerWithPassword: 'Register with email and password',
     initSuccess: 'Initialization successful, please login',
     initFailed: 'Initialization failed: ',
+    totpHint:
+      'Recommended: enable two-factor authentication (TOTP) after signing in to secure your account.',
   },
   resetPassword: {
     title: 'Reset Password 🔐',
@@ -1294,6 +1307,22 @@ const enUS = {
     resetFailed:
       'Password reset failed, please check your email and recovery key',
     backToLogin: 'Back to Login',
+    totpMethod: 'TOTP Authenticator',
+    recoveryCodeMethod: 'Recovery Code',
+    verifyMethod: 'Verification Method',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'TOTP is not enabled for this account; only the recovery key can be used.',
+    totpCode: 'Authenticator Code',
+    enterTotpCode: 'Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app',
+    recoveryCode: 'Recovery Code',
+    enterRecoveryCode: 'Enter one of your recovery codes',
+    totpCodeRequired: 'Authenticator code cannot be empty',
+    recoveryCodeRequired: 'Recovery code cannot be empty',
+    totpNotEnabled:
+      'TOTP is not enabled for this account, use the recovery key instead',
+    invalidTotpCode: 'Invalid verification code, please try again',
+    totpMethodDescription:
+      'Verify with a TOTP authenticator app or one of your recovery codes',
   },
   embedding: {
     description: 'Manage Embedding models for text vectorization',
@@ -1339,6 +1368,52 @@ const enUS = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       'After binding, your login email will be changed from {{localEmail}} to the LangBot Account email.',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'LangBot Account bound successfully',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'Passkeys',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      'Sign in securely without passwords using biometrics or security keys',
+    addPasskey: 'Add Passkey',
+    passkeyName: 'Key Name',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: 'e.g., MacBook Touch ID, YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: 'Created on {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: 'Last used: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: 'No passkeys registered yet',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      'Are you sure you want to delete this passkey? You will no longer be able to use it to sign in.',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'Passkey added successfully',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'Passkey deleted',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'Passkey renamed successfully',
+    totpSectionTitle: 'Two-Factor Authentication (TOTP)',
+    totpSectionDesc:
+      'Scan a QR code to add a TOTP authenticator for extra login security',
+    totpEnabled: 'Enabled',
+    totpDisabled: 'Disabled',
+    enableTotp: 'Enable TOTP',
+    disableTotp: 'Disable TOTP',
+    totpEnabledSuccess: 'Two-factor authentication enabled',
+    totpDisabledSuccess: 'Two-factor authentication disabled',
+    totpEnrollTitle: 'Add TOTP Authenticator',
+    totpEnrollDesc:
+      'Scan the QR code with your authenticator app, then enter the 6-digit code to confirm',
+    totpScanHint: 'Scan this QR code with your authenticator app',
+    totpManualSecret: 'Or enter this key manually',
+    totpCodeLabel: 'Authenticator Code',
+    totpCodePlaceholder: '6-digit code',
+    totpVerify: 'Verify and Enable',
+    totpVerifying: 'Verifying...',
+    totpRecoveryCodesTitle: 'Recovery Codes',
+    totpRecoveryCodesDesc:
+      'Store these codes somewhere safe. Each code can be used once if you lose access to your authenticator.',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRemaining: '{{count}} recovery codes remaining',
+    totpRegenerateRecoveryCodes: 'Regenerate Recovery Codes',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRegenerated: 'Recovery codes regenerated',
+    totpDisableTitle: 'Disable Two-Factor Authentication',
+    totpDisableDesc:
+      'Enter a valid authenticator code to disable two-factor authentication',
+    totpConfirmDisable: 'Disable',
+    totpInvalidCode: 'Invalid code, please try again',
+    totpLoadFailed: 'Failed to load two-factor authentication status',
+    totpCopySecret: 'Copy key',
+    totpCopied: 'Copied to clipboard',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'Failed to bind LangBot Account',
     bindSpaceInvalidState:
       'Invalid bind request. Please try again from account settings.',

web/src/i18n/locales/es-ES.ts

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ const esES = {
       'Recomendado: Usa API de modelos oficiales estables y servicios en la nube',
     loginLocal: 'Iniciar sesión con cuenta local',
     loginWithPassword: 'Iniciar sesión con contraseña',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'Iniciar sesión con Passkey',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Passkey verificada con éxito, iniciando sesión...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Error al iniciar sesión con Passkey',
+    passkeyNotSupported:
+      'Passkey no es compatible en este navegador o dispositivo',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'Iniciar sesión con una cuenta de LangBot',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'Escanea el código QR o visita el enlace para autorizar',
@@ -1325,6 +1330,8 @@ const esES = {
     newPasswordRequired: 'La nueva contraseña no puede estar vacía',
     resetPassword: 'Restablecer contraseña',
     resetting: 'Restableciendo...',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'TOTP no está habilitado para esta cuenta; solo se puede usar la clave de recuperación.',
     resetSuccess:
       'Contraseña restablecida correctamente, por favor inicia sesión',
     resetFailed:
@@ -1376,6 +1383,20 @@ const esES = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       'Después de vincular, tu correo de inicio de sesión se cambiará de {{localEmail}} al correo de la cuenta de LangBot.',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'Cuenta de LangBot vinculada correctamente',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'Llaves de acceso (Passkeys)',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      'Inicia sesión de forma segura sin contraseñas usando biometría o llaves de seguridad',
+    addPasskey: 'Añadir llave de acceso',
+    passkeyName: 'Nombre de la llave',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: 'p. ej., MacBook Touch ID, YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: 'Creada el {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: 'Último uso: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: 'No hay llaves de acceso registradas',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      '¿Seguro que deseas eliminar esta llave de acceso? Ya no podrás usarla para iniciar sesión.',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'Llave de acceso añadida con éxito',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'Llave de acceso eliminada',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'Nombre de llave de acceso modificado con éxito',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'Error al vincular la cuenta de LangBot',
     bindSpaceInvalidState:
       'Solicitud de vinculación no válida. Por favor, inténtalo de nuevo desde la configuración de la cuenta.',

web/src/i18n/locales/ja-JP.ts

@@ -87,6 +87,18 @@ const jaJP = {
       'おすすめ：公式の安定したモデル API とクラウドサービスを利用',
     loginLocal: 'ローカルアカウントでログイン',
     loginWithPassword: 'パスワードでログイン',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'パスキーでログイン',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'パスキーの認証に成功しました。ログイン中...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'パスキーでのログインに失敗しました',
+    passkeyNotSupported:
+      'お使いのブラウザまたはデバイスはパスキーをサポートしていません',
+    loginTotpTitle: '二要素認証',
+    loginTotpDesc:
+      '認証アプリの6桁のコード、またはリカバリーコードを入力してください',
+    loginTotpPlaceholder: '認証コードまたはリカバリーコード',
+    loginTotpVerify: '確認',
+    loginTotpVerifying: '確認中...',
+    loginTotpInvalid: 'コードが無効です。もう一度お試しください',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'LangBot アカウントでログイン',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'QRコードをスキャンするか、下のリンクにアクセスして認証してください',
@@ -1281,6 +1293,8 @@ const jaJP = {
     registerWithPassword: 'メールアドレスとパスワードで登録',
     initSuccess: '初期化に成功しました。ログインしてください',
     initFailed: '初期化に失敗しました：',
+    totpHint:
+      '推奨：ログイン後、アカウント設定で二要素認証（TOTP）を有効にしてアカウントを保護してください。',
   },
   resetPassword: {
     title: 'パスワードをリセット 🔐',
@@ -1300,6 +1314,21 @@ const jaJP = {
     resetFailed:
       'パスワードのリセットに失敗しました。メールアドレスと復旧キーを確認してください',
     backToLogin: 'ログインに戻る',
+    totpMethod: 'TOTP 認証アプリ',
+    recoveryCodeMethod: 'リカバリーコード',
+    verifyMethod: '確認方法',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'このアカウントでは TOTP が有効になっていません。リカバリーキーのみ使用できます。',
+    totpCode: '認証コード',
+    enterTotpCode: '認証アプリに表示される6桁のコードを入力',
+    recoveryCode: 'リカバリーコード',
+    enterRecoveryCode: 'リカバリーコードのいずれかを入力',
+    totpCodeRequired: '認証コードは必須です',
+    recoveryCodeRequired: 'リカバリーコードは必須です',
+    totpNotEnabled:
+      'このアカウントでは TOTP が有効になっていません。復旧キーを使用してください',
+    invalidTotpCode: '認証コードが無効です。もう一度お試しください',
+    totpMethodDescription: 'TOTP 認証アプリまたはリカバリーコードで確認します',
   },
   embedding: {
     description: 'テキストのベクトル化に使用する埋め込みモデルを管理します',
@@ -1345,6 +1374,51 @@ const jaJP = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       '連携後、ログインメールアドレスは {{localEmail}} から LangBot アカウントのメールアドレスに変更されます。',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'LangBot アカウントの連携に成功しました',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'パスキー (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      '生体認証やセキュリティキーを使って、パスワード不要で安全にログインします',
+    addPasskey: 'パスキーを追加',
+    passkeyName: 'キー名',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: '例: MacBook Touch ID、YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: '作成日: {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: '最終使用: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: '登録されているパスキーはありません',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      'このパスキーを削除してもよろしいですか？削除後はこのキーでのログインができなくなります。',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'パスキーが正常に追加されました',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'パスキーを削除しました',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'パスキー名を変更しました',
+    totpSectionTitle: '二要素認証 (TOTP)',
+    totpSectionDesc:
+      'QR コードをスキャンして TOTP 認証アプリを追加し、ログインの安全性を高めます',
+    totpEnabled: '有効',
+    totpDisabled: '無効',
+    enableTotp: 'TOTP を有効化',
+    disableTotp: 'TOTP を無効化',
+    totpEnabledSuccess: '二要素認証を有効にしました',
+    totpDisabledSuccess: '二要素認証を無効にしました',
+    totpEnrollTitle: 'TOTP 認証アプリを追加',
+    totpEnrollDesc:
+      '認証アプリで QR コードをスキャンし、6桁のコードを入力して確認します',
+    totpScanHint: '認証アプリでこの QR コードをスキャンしてください',
+    totpManualSecret: 'またはこのキーを手動で入力',
+    totpCodeLabel: '認証コード',
+    totpCodePlaceholder: '6桁のコード',
+    totpVerify: '確認して有効化',
+    totpVerifying: '確認中...',
+    totpRecoveryCodesTitle: 'リカバリーコード',
+    totpRecoveryCodesDesc:
+      'これらのコードは安全な場所に保管してください。認証アプリが使えない場合、各コードは一度だけ使用できます。',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRemaining: '残り {{count}} 個のリカバリーコード',
+    totpRegenerateRecoveryCodes: 'リカバリーコードを再生成',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRegenerated: 'リカバリーコードを再生成しました',
+    totpDisableTitle: '二要素認証を無効化',
+    totpDisableDesc: '有効な認証コードを入力して二要素認証を無効化します',
+    totpConfirmDisable: '無効化',
+    totpInvalidCode: 'コードが無効です。もう一度お試しください',
+    totpLoadFailed: '二要素認証の状態の読み込みに失敗しました',
+    totpCopySecret: 'キーをコピー',
+    totpCopied: 'クリップボードにコピーしました',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'LangBot アカウントの連携に失敗しました',
     bindSpaceInvalidState:
       '無効な連携リクエストです。アカウント設定から再度お試しください。',

web/src/i18n/locales/ru-RU.ts

@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ const ruRU = {
       'Рекомендуется: Используйте официальные стабильные API моделей и облачные сервисы',
     loginLocal: 'Войти с локальной учётной записью',
     loginWithPassword: 'Войти с паролем',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'Войти с помощью Passkey',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Passkey успешно подтверждён, вход...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Не удалось войти с помощью Passkey',
+    passkeyNotSupported:
+      'Passkey не поддерживается в этом браузере или на устройстве',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'Войти с аккаунтом LangBot',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'Отсканируйте QR-код или перейдите по ссылке ниже для авторизации',
@@ -1301,6 +1306,8 @@ const ruRU = {
     newPasswordRequired: 'Новый пароль не может быть пустым',
     resetPassword: 'Сбросить пароль',
     resetting: 'Сброс...',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'TOTP не включён для этой учётной записи; доступен только ключ восстановления.',
     resetSuccess: 'Пароль успешно сброшен, пожалуйста, войдите',
     resetFailed: 'Ошибка сброса пароля, проверьте email и ключ восстановления',
     backToLogin: 'Вернуться к входу',
@@ -1350,6 +1357,20 @@ const ruRU = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       'После привязки ваш email для входа будет изменён с {{localEmail}} на email аккаунта LangBot.',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'Аккаунт LangBot успешно привязан',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'Ключи доступа (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      'Безопасный вход без пароля с помощью биометрии или аппаратного ключа',
+    addPasskey: 'Добавить ключ доступа',
+    passkeyName: 'Название ключа',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: 'например, MacBook Touch ID, YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: 'Создан {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: 'Последнее использование: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: 'Нет зарегистрированных ключей доступа',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      'Вы уверены, что хотите удалить этот ключ доступа? Вы больше не сможете использовать его для входа.',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'Ключ доступа успешно добавлен',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'Ключ доступа удален',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'Ключ доступа успешно переименован',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'Не удалось привязать аккаунт LangBot',
     bindSpaceInvalidState:
       'Недействительный запрос привязки. Повторите попытку из настроек аккаунта.',

web/src/i18n/locales/th-TH.ts

@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ const thTH = {
       'แนะนำ: ใช้ API โมเดลที่เสถียรอย่างเป็นทางการและบริการคลาวด์',
     loginLocal: 'เข้าสู่ระบบด้วยบัญชีท้องถิ่น',
     loginWithPassword: 'เข้าสู่ระบบด้วยรหัสผ่าน',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'เข้าสู่ระบบด้วย Passkey',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'ยืนยัน Passkey สำเร็จ กำลังเข้าสู่ระบบ...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'เข้าสู่ระบบด้วย Passkey ล้มเหลว',
+    passkeyNotSupported: 'เบราว์เซอร์หรืออุปกรณ์นี้ไม่รองรับ Passkey',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'เข้าสู่ระบบด้วยบัญชี LangBot',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'สแกน QR code หรือเข้าชมลิงก์ด้านล่างเพื่อยืนยันสิทธิ์',
@@ -1273,6 +1277,8 @@ const thTH = {
     newPasswordRequired: 'รหัสผ่านใหม่ต้องไม่ว่างเปล่า',
     resetPassword: 'รีเซ็ตรหัสผ่าน',
     resetting: 'กำลังรีเซ็ต...',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'บัญชีนี้ยังไม่ได้เปิดใช้ TOTP ใช้ได้เฉพาะคีย์กู้คืนเท่านั้น',
     resetSuccess: 'รีเซ็ตรหัสผ่านสำเร็จ กรุณาเข้าสู่ระบบ',
     resetFailed: 'รีเซ็ตรหัสผ่านล้มเหลว กรุณาตรวจสอบอีเมลและคีย์กู้คืน',
     backToLogin: 'กลับไปหน้าเข้าสู่ระบบ',
@@ -1321,6 +1327,20 @@ const thTH = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       'หลังจากผูกแล้ว อีเมลเข้าสู่ระบบของคุณจะเปลี่ยนจาก {{localEmail}} เป็นอีเมลบัญชี LangBot',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'ผูกบัญชี LangBot สำเร็จ',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'พาสคีย์ (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      'เข้าสู่ระบบอย่างปลอดภัยโดยไม่ต้องใช้รหัสผ่านด้วยไบโอเมตริกซ์หรือคีย์ความปลอดภัย',
+    addPasskey: 'เพิ่มพาสคีย์',
+    passkeyName: 'ชื่อคีย์',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: 'เช่น MacBook Touch ID, YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: 'สร้างเมื่อ {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: 'ใช้งานล่าสุด: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: 'ยังไม่มีพาสคีย์ที่ลงทะเบียน',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      'คุณแน่ใจหรือไม่ว่าต้องการลบพาสคีย์นี้? คุณจะไม่สามารถใช้คีย์นี้เข้าสู่ระบบได้อีก',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'เพิ่มพาสคีย์สำเร็จ',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'ลบพาสคีย์แล้ว',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'เปลี่ยนชื่อพาสคีย์สำเร็จ',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'ผูกบัญชี LangBot ล้มเหลว',
     bindSpaceInvalidState: 'คำขอผูกไม่ถูกต้อง กรุณาลองใหม่จากการตั้งค่าบัญชี',
     setPasswordHint: 'ตั้งรหัสผ่านเพื่อเข้าสู่ระบบด้วยอีเมลและรหัสผ่าน',

web/src/i18n/locales/vi-VN.ts

@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@ const viVN = {
       'Khuyến nghị: Sử dụng API mô hình ổn định chính thức và dịch vụ đám mây',
     loginLocal: 'Đăng nhập với tài khoản cục bộ',
     loginWithPassword: 'Đăng nhập bằng mật khẩu',
+    loginWithPasskey: 'Đăng nhập bằng Passkey',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Xác thực Passkey thành công, đang đăng nhập...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Đăng nhập bằng Passkey thất bại',
+    passkeyNotSupported: 'Trình duyệt hoặc thiết bị này không hỗ trợ Passkey',
     spaceLoginTitle: 'Đăng nhập bằng tài khoản LangBot',
     spaceLoginDescription:
       'Quét mã QR hoặc truy cập liên kết bên dưới để ủy quyền',
@@ -1294,6 +1298,8 @@ const viVN = {
     newPasswordRequired: 'Mật khẩu mới không được để trống',
     resetPassword: 'Đặt lại mật khẩu',
     resetting: 'Đang đặt lại...',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable:
+      'TOTP chưa được bật cho tài khoản này; chỉ có thể dùng khóa khôi phục.',
     resetSuccess: 'Đặt lại mật khẩu thành công, vui lòng đăng nhập',
     resetFailed:
       'Đặt lại mật khẩu thất bại, vui lòng kiểm tra email và khóa khôi phục',
@@ -1344,6 +1350,20 @@ const viVN = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       'Sau khi liên kết, email đăng nhập của bạn sẽ được đổi từ {{localEmail}} sang email tài khoản LangBot.',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'Liên kết tài khoản LangBot thành công',
+    passkeySectionTitle: 'Mã khóa truy cập (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc:
+      'Đăng nhập an toàn không cần mật khẩu bằng sinh trắc học hoặc khóa bảo mật',
+    addPasskey: 'Thêm mã khóa truy cập',
+    passkeyName: 'Tên khóa',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: 'ví dụ: MacBook Touch ID, YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: 'Được tạo vào {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: 'Sử dụng lần cuối: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: 'Chưa có mã khóa truy cập nào được đăng ký',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      'Bạn có chắc chắn muốn xóa mã khóa truy cập này? Bạn sẽ không thể sử dụng nó để đăng nhập nữa.',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: 'Đã thêm mã khóa truy cập thành công',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: 'Đã xóa mã khóa truy cập',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: 'Đã đổi tên mã khóa truy cập thành công',
     bindSpaceFailed: 'Liên kết tài khoản LangBot thất bại',
     bindSpaceInvalidState:
       'Yêu cầu liên kết không hợp lệ. Vui lòng thử lại từ cài đặt tài khoản.',

web/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hans.ts

@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ const zhHans = {
     spaceLoginRecommended: '推荐：使用官方提供的稳定模型 API 和云服务',
     loginLocal: '使用本地账号登录',
     loginWithPassword: '通过密码登录',
+    loginWithPasskey: '使用 Passkey 登录',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Passkey 验证成功，正在登录...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Passkey 登录失败',
+    passkeyNotSupported: '当前浏览器或设备不支持 Passkey',
+    loginTotpTitle: '两步验证',
+    loginTotpDesc: '请输入验证器应用中的 6 位验证码，或使用恢复码',
+    loginTotpPlaceholder: '验证码或恢复码',
+    loginTotpVerify: '验证',
+    loginTotpVerifying: '验证中...',
+    loginTotpInvalid: '验证码无效，请重试',
     spaceLoginTitle: '通过 LangBot 账号登录',
     spaceLoginDescription: '扫描二维码或访问下方链接进行授权',
     spaceLoginUserCode: '您的验证码',
@@ -1215,6 +1225,8 @@ const zhHans = {
     registerWithPassword: '通过邮箱密码组合注册',
     initSuccess: '初始化成功 请登录',
     initFailed: '初始化失败：',
+    totpHint:
+      '推荐：登录后在账户设置中开启两步验证（TOTP）以保护您的账户安全。',
   },
   resetPassword: {
     title: '重置密码 🔐',
@@ -1232,6 +1244,19 @@ const zhHans = {
     resetSuccess: '密码重置成功，请登录',
     resetFailed: '密码重置失败，请检查邮箱和恢复密钥是否正确',
     backToLogin: '返回登录',
+    totpMethod: 'TOTP 验证器',
+    recoveryCodeMethod: '恢复码',
+    verifyMethod: '验证方式',
+    totpCode: '验证器验证码',
+    enterTotpCode: '输入验证器应用中的 6 位验证码',
+    recoveryCode: '恢复码',
+    enterRecoveryCode: '输入您的其中一个恢复码',
+    totpCodeRequired: '验证码不能为空',
+    recoveryCodeRequired: '恢复码不能为空',
+    totpNotEnabled: '该账户未开启 TOTP，请改用恢复密钥',
+    invalidTotpCode: '验证码无效，请重试',
+    totpMethodDescription: '使用 TOTP 验证器应用或恢复码进行验证',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable: '该账户未开启 TOTP 验证，仅可使用恢复密钥重置密码',
   },
   embedding: {
     description: '管理嵌入模型，用于向量化文本',
@@ -1274,6 +1299,48 @@ const zhHans = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       '绑定后，您的登录邮箱将从 {{localEmail}} 更改为 LangBot 账号的邮箱。',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'LangBot 账号绑定成功',
+    passkeySectionTitle: '通行密钥 (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc: '使用指纹、面容或硬件安全密钥免密安全登录',
+    addPasskey: '添加通行密钥',
+    passkeyName: '密钥名称',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: '例如：MacBook Touch ID、YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: '创建于 {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: '上次使用: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: '暂未绑定任何通行密钥',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      '确定要删除此通行密钥吗？删除后将无法使用该密钥登录。',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: '通行密钥添加成功',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: '通行密钥已删除',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: '通行密钥重命名成功',
+    totpSectionTitle: '两步验证 (TOTP)',
+    totpSectionDesc: '扫描二维码添加 TOTP 验证器，提升登录安全性',
+    totpEnabled: '已开启',
+    totpDisabled: '未开启',
+    enableTotp: '开启 TOTP',
+    disableTotp: '关闭 TOTP',
+    totpEnabledSuccess: '两步验证已开启',
+    totpDisabledSuccess: '两步验证已关闭',
+    totpEnrollTitle: '添加 TOTP 验证器',
+    totpEnrollDesc: '使用验证器应用扫描二维码，然后输入 6 位验证码完成确认',
+    totpScanHint: '使用验证器应用扫描此二维码',
+    totpManualSecret: '或手动输入此密钥',
+    totpCodeLabel: '验证码',
+    totpCodePlaceholder: '6 位验证码',
+    totpVerify: '验证并开启',
+    totpVerifying: '验证中...',
+    totpRecoveryCodesTitle: '恢复码',
+    totpRecoveryCodesDesc:
+      '请妥善保存这些恢复码。当您无法使用验证器时，每个恢复码可使用一次。',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRemaining: '剩余 {{count}} 个恢复码',
+    totpRegenerateRecoveryCodes: '重新生成恢复码',
+    totpRecoveryCodesRegenerated: '恢复码已重新生成',
+    totpDisableTitle: '关闭两步验证',
+    totpDisableDesc: '输入有效的验证器验证码以关闭两步验证',
+    totpConfirmDisable: '关闭',
+    totpInvalidCode: '验证码无效，请重试',
+    totpLoadFailed: '加载两步验证状态失败',
+    totpCopySecret: '复制密钥',
+    totpCopied: '已复制到剪贴板',
     bindSpaceFailed: '绑定 LangBot 账号失败',
     bindSpaceInvalidState: '无效的绑定请求，请从账户设置重新发起',
     setPasswordHint: '设置密码后可使用邮箱密码登录',

web/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ const zhHant = {
     spaceLoginRecommended: '推薦：使用官方提供的穩定模型 API 和雲服務',
     loginLocal: '使用本地帳號登入',
     loginWithPassword: '透過密碼登入',
+    loginWithPasskey: '使用 Passkey 登入',
+    passkeyLoginSuccess: 'Passkey 驗證成功，正在登入...',
+    passkeyLoginFailed: 'Passkey 登入失敗',
+    passkeyNotSupported: '目前瀏覽器或裝置不支援 Passkey',
     spaceLoginTitle: '透過 LangBot 帳號登入',
     spaceLoginDescription: '掃描二維碼或訪問下方連結進行授權',
     spaceLoginUserCode: '您的驗證碼',
@@ -1230,6 +1234,7 @@ const zhHant = {
     newPasswordRequired: '新密碼不能為空',
     resetPassword: '重設密碼',
     resetting: '重設中...',
+    totpMethodsUnavailable: '此帳戶未開啟 TOTP 驗證，僅可使用恢復金鑰重設密碼',
     resetSuccess: '密碼重設成功，請登入',
     resetFailed: '密碼重設失敗，請檢查電子郵件和恢復金鑰是否正確',
     backToLogin: '返回登入',
@@ -1275,6 +1280,19 @@ const zhHant = {
     bindSpaceWarning:
       '綁定後，您的登入電子郵件將從 {{localEmail}} 更改為 LangBot 帳號的電子郵件。',
     bindSpaceSuccess: 'LangBot 帳號綁定成功',
+    passkeySectionTitle: '通行密鑰 (Passkey)',
+    passkeySectionDesc: '使用指紋、面容或硬體安全金鑰免密安全登入',
+    addPasskey: '新增通行密鑰',
+    passkeyName: '金鑰名稱',
+    passkeyNamePlaceholder: '例如：MacBook Touch ID、YubiKey',
+    passkeyCreated: '建立於 {{date}}',
+    passkeyLastUsed: '上次使用: {{date}}',
+    noPasskeys: '尚未綁定任何通行密鑰',
+    deletePasskeyConfirm:
+      '確定要刪除此通行密鑰嗎？刪除後將無法使用該金鑰登入。',
+    passkeyAddedSuccess: '通行密鑰新增成功',
+    passkeyDeleteSuccess: '通行密鑰已刪除',
+    passkeyRenameSuccess: '通行密鑰重新命名成功',
     bindSpaceFailed: '綁定 LangBot 帳號失敗',
     bindSpaceInvalidState: '無效的綁定請求，請從帳戶設定重新發起',
     setPasswordHint: '設定密碼後可使用電子郵件密碼登入',