Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into deploy/prod-tooltip-wrap-2391

Co-authored-by: dadachann <185672915+dadachann@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/deploy-prod.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Build and deploy production
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [deploy/prod]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: langbot-production
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+env:
+  CORE_IMAGE: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/langbot
+  CLOUD_IMAGE: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/langbot-cloud-core
+  SPACE_REF: 178b1634c104e635c706e1fb4ca37cb3de073cf9
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: production
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
+      - name: Build exact Core image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          push: true
+          tags: |
+            ${{ env.CORE_IMAGE }}:prod-${{ github.sha }}
+            ${{ env.CORE_IMAGE }}:deploy-prod
+          cache-from: type=gha,scope=core-prod
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=core-prod
+      - name: Checkout production Cloud adapter
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          repository: langbot-app/langbot-space
+          ref: ${{ env.SPACE_REF }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.CLA_PAT }}
+          path: .space
+      - name: Build exact Cloud Core image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .space
+          file: .space/Dockerfile.cloud
+          push: true
+          build-args: LANGBOT_CORE_IMAGE=${{ env.CORE_IMAGE }}:prod-${{ github.sha }}
+          tags: |
+            ${{ env.CLOUD_IMAGE }}:prod-${{ github.sha }}
+            ${{ env.CLOUD_IMAGE }}:deploy-prod
+          cache-from: type=gha,scope=cloud-core-prod
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max,scope=cloud-core-prod

deploy/prod/deploy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -Eeuo pipefail
+
+cd /opt/langbot-cloud-prod
+TAG=${1:?usage: deploy.sh prod-<40-char-sha>}
+[[ "$TAG" =~ ^prod-[0-9a-f]{40}$ ]] || { echo 'invalid immutable image tag' >&2; exit 2; }
+[[ -s .env ]] || { echo '/opt/langbot-cloud-prod/.env is missing' >&2; exit 3; }
+
+rendered_compose=$(docker compose config)
+grep -Fq 'LANGBOT_SPACE_CONTROL_PLANE_URL: https://space.langbot.app' <<<"$rendered_compose" || {
+  echo 'Cloud control-plane URL must be https://space.langbot.app' >&2
+  exit 4
+}
+grep -Fq 'SPACE__URL: https://space.langbot.app' <<<"$rendered_compose" || {
+  echo 'Cloud user-facing Space URL must be https://space.langbot.app' >&2
+  exit 5
+}
+grep -Eq 'LANGBOT_TELEMETRY_INGEST_TOKEN: .+' <<<"$rendered_compose" || {
+  echo 'Cloud telemetry ingest token must be configured' >&2
+  exit 6
+}
+
+update_env() {
+  local key=$1 value=$2
+  python3 - "$key" "$value" <<'PY'
+from pathlib import Path
+import os
+import sys
+
+path = Path('.env')
+key, value = sys.argv[1:]
+lines = path.read_text().splitlines()
+updated = False
+for index, line in enumerate(lines):
+    if line.startswith(f'{key}='):
+        lines[index] = f'{key}={value}'
+        updated = True
+        break
+if not updated:
+    lines.append(f'{key}={value}')
+temporary = Path('.env.tmp')
+temporary.write_text('\n'.join(lines) + '\n')
+os.chmod(temporary, 0o600)
+temporary.replace(path)
+PY
+}
+update_env LANGBOT_IMAGE_TAG "$TAG"
+set -a
+. ./.env
+set +a
+: "${CLOUD_V2_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN:?CLOUD_V2_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN is required}"
+
+for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+  if docker compose pull postgres redis migrate plugin-runtime core; then
+    break
+  fi
+  if [ "$attempt" -eq 5 ]; then
+    echo "docker compose pull failed after $attempt attempts" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  delay=$((attempt * 10))
+  echo "docker compose pull failed (attempt $attempt/5); retrying in ${delay}s" >&2
+  sleep "$delay"
+done
+docker compose up -d postgres redis
+for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
+  if docker compose exec -T postgres pg_isready -U langbot_operator -d langbot >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
+  sleep 2
+done
+docker compose exec -T postgres pg_isready -U langbot_operator -d langbot >/dev/null
+
+docker compose exec -T postgres psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -U langbot_operator -d langbot \
+  -v runtime_password="$POSTGRES_RUNTIME_PASSWORD" <<'SQL'
+SELECT format('CREATE ROLE langbot_runtime LOGIN PASSWORD %L', :'runtime_password')
+WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname = 'langbot_runtime')\gexec
+ALTER ROLE langbot_runtime PASSWORD :'runtime_password';
+GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE langbot TO langbot_runtime;
+REVOKE CREATE ON SCHEMA public FROM PUBLIC, langbot_runtime;
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public FROM langbot_runtime;
+REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA public FROM langbot_runtime;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE langbot_operator IN SCHEMA public REVOKE ALL ON TABLES FROM langbot_runtime;
+ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE langbot_operator IN SCHEMA public REVOKE ALL ON SEQUENCES FROM langbot_runtime;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO langbot_runtime;
+SQL
+
+docker compose --profile tools run --rm migrate
+
+docker compose up -d --remove-orphans plugin-runtime core
+for _ in $(seq 1 90); do
+  if docker compose exec -T core python -c 'import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen("http://127.0.0.1:5300/healthz", timeout=3)' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    docker compose ps
+    exit 0
+  fi
+  sleep 2
+done
+docker compose logs --tail=200 core plugin-runtime >&2
+exit 1

deploy/prod/docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+services:
+  postgres:
+    image: pgvector/pgvector:pg17
+    container_name: langbot-cloud-postgres
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: langbot
+      POSTGRES_USER: langbot_operator
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_OPERATOR_PASSWORD}
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [CMD-SHELL, "pg_isready -U langbot_operator -d langbot"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 30
+    networks: [internal]
+
+  redis:
+    image: redis:7.4-alpine
+    container_name: langbot-cloud-redis
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    command: [redis-server, --appendonly, "yes", --requirepass, "${REDIS_PASSWORD}"]
+    volumes:
+      - redis-data:/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [CMD-SHELL, "redis-cli -a \"$${REDIS_PASSWORD}\" ping | grep PONG"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 20
+    environment:
+      REDIS_PASSWORD: ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
+    networks: [internal]
+
+  migrate:
+    image: rockchin/langbot-cloud-core:${LANGBOT_IMAGE_TAG}
+    profiles: [tools]
+    command: [uv, run, langbot, migrate, --cloud]
+    environment: &core-env
+      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
+      SYSTEM__INSTANCE_ID: ${CLOUD_V2_INSTANCE_UUID}
+      SYSTEM__EDITION: cloud
+      SYSTEM__RECOVERY_KEY: ${SYSTEM_RECOVERY_KEY}
+      SYSTEM__JWT__SECRET: ${JWT_SECRET}
+      SYSTEM__LIMITATION__MAX_BOTS: "2"
+      SYSTEM__LIMITATION__MAX_PIPELINES: "3"
+      SYSTEM__LIMITATION__MAX_EXTENSIONS: "3"
+      SYSTEM__LIMITATION__MAX_KNOWLEDGE_BASES: "2"
+      API__WEBHOOK_PREFIX: https://cloud.langbot.app
+      API__WEBUI_URL: https://cloud.langbot.app
+      WORKSPACE__INVITATIONS__PUBLIC_WEB_URL: https://cloud.langbot.app
+      DATABASE__USE: postgresql
+      DATABASE__POSTGRESQL__URL: postgresql+asyncpg://langbot_runtime:${POSTGRES_RUNTIME_PASSWORD}@postgres:5432/langbot
+      DATABASE__CLOUD_MIGRATION__OPERATOR_DSN_ENV: LANGBOT_CLOUD_MIGRATION_DSN
+      LANGBOT_CLOUD_MIGRATION_DSN: postgresql://langbot_operator:${POSTGRES_OPERATOR_PASSWORD}@postgres:5432/langbot
+      VDB__USE: pgvector
+      VDB__PGVECTOR__USE_BUSINESS_DATABASE: "true"
+      VDB__PGVECTOR__ALLOWED_DIMENSIONS: "384,512,768,1024,1536"
+      PLUGIN__ENABLE: "true"
+      PLUGIN__RUNTIME_WS_URL: ws://plugin-runtime:5400/control/ws
+      PLUGIN__DISPLAY_PLUGIN_DEBUG_URL: wss://cloud.langbot.app/plugin/debug/ws
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_CPUS: "0.25"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_MEMORY_MB: "256"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_PIDS: "128"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_WORKERS: "16"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_TOTAL_CPUS: "4.0"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__MAX_TOTAL_MEMORY_MB: "4096"
+      PLUGIN__WORKER__REQUIRE_HARD_LIMITS: "true"
+      LANGBOT_PLUGIN_RUNTIME_CONTROL_TOKEN: ${PLUGIN_RUNTIME_CONTROL_TOKEN}
+      # Cloud v2 currently grants no managed Box capability. Keep the shared
+      # runtime deployed but disable Core integration until a hard-quota-capable
+      # backend can satisfy the fail-closed Cloud readiness contract.
+      BOX__ENABLED: "false"
+      BOX__BACKEND: nsjail
+      BOX__RUNTIME__ENDPOINT: ws://box:5410
+      BOX__ADMISSION__REQUIRED: "true"
+      BOX__ADMISSION__LOGICAL_SESSION_ID: global
+      BOX__ADMISSION__REQUIRED_BACKEND: nsjail
+      BOX__ADMISSION__MAX_SESSIONS: "1"
+      BOX__ADMISSION__MAX_MANAGED_PROCESSES: "0"
+      BOX__ADMISSION__CPUS: "0.25"
+      BOX__ADMISSION__MEMORY_MB: "256"
+      BOX__ADMISSION__WORKSPACE_QUOTA_MB: "256"
+      BOX__LOCAL__HOST_ROOT: /app/data/box
+      BOX__LOCAL__DEFAULT_WORKSPACE: /app/data/box
+      BOX__LOCAL__ALLOWED_MOUNT_ROOTS: /app/data/box
+      LANGBOT_BOX_CONTROL_TOKEN: ${BOX_CONTROL_TOKEN}
+      MCP__STDIO__ENABLED: "false"
+      LANGBOT_SPACE_CONTROL_PLANE_URL: https://space.langbot.app
+      LANGBOT_SPACE_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN: ${CLOUD_V2_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN}
+      LANGBOT_TELEMETRY_INGEST_TOKEN: ${CLOUD_V2_CONTROL_PLANE_TOKEN}
+      LANGBOT_SPACE_CONTROL_PLANE_PUBLIC_KEY: ${CLOUD_V2_MANIFEST_PUBLIC_KEY}
+      LANGBOT_SPACE_CONTROL_PLANE_KEY_ID: ${CLOUD_V2_MANIFEST_KEY_ID}
+      SPACE__URL: https://space.langbot.app
+    depends_on:
+      postgres: {condition: service_healthy}
+    networks: [internal]
+
+  plugin-runtime:
+    image: rockchin/langbot:${LANGBOT_IMAGE_TAG}
+    container_name: langbot-cloud-plugin-runtime
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    command: [uv, run, python, -m, langbot_plugin.cli.__init__, rt]
+    environment:
+      LANGBOT_PLUGIN_RUNTIME_CONTROL_TOKEN: ${PLUGIN_RUNTIME_CONTROL_TOKEN}
+    volumes:
+      - plugin-data:/app/data
+      - /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:rw
+    cgroup: host
+    privileged: true
+    expose: ["5400"]
+    networks: [internal]
+
+  box:
+    image: rockchin/langbot:${LANGBOT_IMAGE_TAG}
+    container_name: langbot-cloud-box
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    command: [uv, run, lbp, box, --host, 0.0.0.0, --ws-control-port, "5410"]
+    environment:
+      LANGBOT_BOX_CONTROL_TOKEN: ${BOX_CONTROL_TOKEN}
+      LANGBOT_BOX_ROOT: /app/data/box
+    volumes:
+      - box-data:/app/data/box
+      - /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:rw
+    cgroup: host
+    privileged: true
+    expose: ["5410"]
+    networks: [internal]
+
+  core:
+    image: rockchin/langbot-cloud-core:${LANGBOT_IMAGE_TAG}
+    container_name: langbot-cloud-core
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment: *core-env
+    volumes:
+      - core-data:/app/data
+      - box-data:/app/data/box
+    depends_on:
+      postgres: {condition: service_healthy}
+      redis: {condition: service_healthy}
+      plugin-runtime: {condition: service_started}
+      box: {condition: service_started}
+    expose: ["5300"]
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [CMD-SHELL, "python -c 'import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen(\"http://127.0.0.1:5300/healthz\", timeout=3)'" ]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 30
+      start_period: 30s
+    networks: [internal, shared-network]
+
+networks:
+  internal:
+  shared-network:
+    external: true
+
+volumes:
+  postgres-data:
+  redis-data:
+  plugin-data:
+  box-data:
+  core-data:

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "langbot"
-version = "4.10.6"
+version = "4.10.7"
 description = "Production-grade platform for building agentic IM bots"
 readme = "README.md"
 license-files = ["LICENSE"]
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "chromadb>=1.0.0,<2.0.0",
     "qdrant-client (>=1.15.1,<2.0.0)",
     "pyseekdb==1.1.0.post3",
-    "langbot-plugin @ git+https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git@1d65ed301a6afc52150a998043f73cd6032c8162",
+    "langbot-plugin @ git+https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git@101e453e916b39465a6294d6471c9eaae8725d5c",
     "asyncpg>=0.30.0",
     "line-bot-sdk>=3.19.0",
     "matrix-nio>=0.25.2",

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/authz.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ class Permission(enum.StrEnum):
     WORKSPACE_VIEW = 'workspace.view'
     WORKSPACE_UPDATE = 'workspace.update'
     WORKSPACE_DELETE = 'workspace.delete'
-    OWNER_TRANSFER = 'owner.transfer'
     MEMBER_VIEW = 'member.view'
     MEMBER_INVITE = 'member.invite'
     MEMBER_UPDATE_ROLE = 'member.update_role'
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ _ROLE_PERMISSIONS: typing.Final = types.MappingProxyType(
             if permission
             not in {
                 Permission.WORKSPACE_DELETE,
-                Permission.OWNER_TRANSFER,
                 Permission.BILLING_LINK_MANAGE,
             }
         ),

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/controller/group.py

@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ class AuthType(enum.Enum):
 
 _SUPPORT_ADMIN_DENIED_PERMISSIONS = frozenset(
     {
-        Permission.OWNER_TRANSFER.value,
         Permission.MEMBER_VIEW.value,
         Permission.MEMBER_INVITE.value,
         Permission.MEMBER_UPDATE_ROLE.value,

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/controller/groups/user.py

@@ -285,8 +285,25 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                 request_context.workspace_uuid,
             )
             owner = await self.ap.user_service.get_workspace_owner(access.workspace.uuid)
-            owner_space_bound = bool(owner and owner.space_account_uuid)
-            credits = await self.ap.space_service.get_credits(owner.user) if owner_space_bound else None
+            cloud_mode = getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud'
+            owner_has_local_space_credentials = bool(owner and owner.space_account_uuid)
+            # Cloud Accounts authenticate through LangBot Account, so every projected
+            # Workspace owner is already bound even when this Core has no local OAuth
+            # token row (model billing uses the owner's control-plane API key).
+            owner_space_bound = cloud_mode or owner_has_local_space_credentials
+            if cloud_mode:
+                catalog_service = getattr(self.ap, 'cloud_model_catalog_service', None)
+                credits = (
+                    catalog_service.get_workspace_credits(access.workspace.uuid)
+                    if catalog_service is not None
+                    else None
+                )
+            else:
+                credits = (
+                    await self.ap.space_service.get_credits(owner.user)
+                    if owner is not None and owner.space_account_uuid
+                    else None
+                )
             return self.success(
                 data={
                     'credits': credits,
@@ -302,8 +319,10 @@ class UserRouterGroup(group.RouterGroup):
                 return self.success(data={'initialized': False})
 
             capabilities = await self.ap.user_service.get_login_capabilities()
-            if getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud':
+            cloud_mode = getattr(getattr(self.ap, 'deployment', None), 'mode', 'oss') == 'cloud'
+            if cloud_mode:
                 capabilities['password_login_enabled'] = False
+            capabilities['authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled'] = cloud_mode
             return self.success(data={'initialized': True, **capabilities})
 
         @self.route('/set-password', methods=['POST'], auth_type=group.AuthType.USER_TOKEN)

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/service/model.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import uuid
 import sqlalchemy
 from langbot_plugin.api.entities.builtin.provider import message as provider_message
 
+from ....cloud.model_catalog import LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER
 from ....core import app
 from ....entity.persistence import model as persistence_model
 from ....entity.persistence import pipeline as persistence_pipeline
@@ -113,6 +114,23 @@ async def _require_workspace_provider(
     return provider
 
 
+def _is_cloud_runtime(ap: app.Application) -> bool:
+    mode = getattr(ap.persistence_mgr, 'mode', None)
+    return getattr(mode, 'value', None) == 'cloud_runtime'
+
+
+async def _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(
+    ap: app.Application,
+    context: TenantContext,
+    provider_uuid: str,
+) -> None:
+    if not _is_cloud_runtime(ap):
+        return
+    provider = await _require_workspace_provider(ap, context, provider_uuid)
+    if provider.get('requester') == LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER:
+        raise ValueError('LangBot Models is managed by Cloud and cannot be modified')
+
+
 async def _require_runtime_provider(
     ap: app.Application,
     context: TenantContext,
@@ -213,6 +231,7 @@ class LLMModelsService:
                 model_data['provider_uuid'] = provider_uuid
 
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'], 'llm')
 
         await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(sqlalchemy.insert(persistence_model.LLMModel).values(**model_data))
@@ -291,11 +310,17 @@ class LLMModelsService:
 
         return model_dict
 
-    async def update_llm_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str, model_data: dict) -> None:
+    async def update_llm_model(
+        self,
+        context: TenantContext,
+        model_uuid: str,
+        model_data: dict,
+    ) -> None:
         """Update an existing LLM model"""
         existing_model = await self.get_llm_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
         if existing_model is None:
             raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         model_data = model_data.copy()
         model_data.pop('uuid', None)
         model_data.pop('workspace_uuid', None)
@@ -321,6 +346,7 @@ class LLMModelsService:
 
         provider_uuid = model_data.get('provider_uuid', existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, provider_uuid, 'llm')
 
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -355,6 +381,11 @@ class LLMModelsService:
 
     async def delete_llm_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str) -> None:
         """Delete an LLM model"""
+        if _is_cloud_runtime(self.ap):
+            existing_model = await self.get_llm_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
+            if existing_model is None:
+                raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+            await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
             scope_statement(
                 sqlalchemy.delete(persistence_model.LLMModel).where(persistence_model.LLMModel.uuid == model_uuid),
@@ -448,7 +479,10 @@ class EmbeddingModelsService:
         return serialized if include_secret else [_redact_model_secrets(model) for model in serialized]
 
     async def create_embedding_model(
-        self, context: TenantContext, model_data: dict, preserve_uuid: bool = False
+        self,
+        context: TenantContext,
+        model_data: dict,
+        preserve_uuid: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         """Create a new embedding model"""
         model_data = model_data.copy()
@@ -472,6 +506,7 @@ class EmbeddingModelsService:
                 model_data['provider_uuid'] = provider_uuid
 
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'], 'text-embedding')
 
         await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -530,11 +565,17 @@ class EmbeddingModelsService:
 
         return model_dict
 
-    async def update_embedding_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str, model_data: dict) -> None:
+    async def update_embedding_model(
+        self,
+        context: TenantContext,
+        model_uuid: str,
+        model_data: dict,
+    ) -> None:
         """Update an existing embedding model"""
         existing_model = await self.get_embedding_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
         if existing_model is None:
             raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         model_data = model_data.copy()
         model_data.pop('uuid', None)
         model_data.pop('workspace_uuid', None)
@@ -559,6 +600,7 @@ class EmbeddingModelsService:
 
         provider_uuid = model_data.get('provider_uuid', existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, provider_uuid, 'text-embedding')
 
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -593,6 +635,11 @@ class EmbeddingModelsService:
 
     async def delete_embedding_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str) -> None:
         """Delete an embedding model"""
+        if _is_cloud_runtime(self.ap):
+            existing_model = await self.get_embedding_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
+            if existing_model is None:
+                raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+            await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
             scope_statement(
                 sqlalchemy.delete(persistence_model.EmbeddingModel).where(
@@ -685,7 +732,12 @@ class RerankModelsService:
         serialized = [self.ap.persistence_mgr.serialize_model(persistence_model.RerankModel, m) for m in models]
         return serialized if include_secret else [_redact_model_secrets(model) for model in serialized]
 
-    async def create_rerank_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_data: dict, preserve_uuid: bool = False) -> str:
+    async def create_rerank_model(
+        self,
+        context: TenantContext,
+        model_data: dict,
+        preserve_uuid: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
         """Create a new rerank model"""
         model_data = model_data.copy()
         if not preserve_uuid:
@@ -708,6 +760,7 @@ class RerankModelsService:
                 model_data['provider_uuid'] = provider_uuid
 
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'])
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, model_data['provider_uuid'], 'rerank')
 
         await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -766,11 +819,17 @@ class RerankModelsService:
 
         return model_dict
 
-    async def update_rerank_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str, model_data: dict) -> None:
+    async def update_rerank_model(
+        self,
+        context: TenantContext,
+        model_uuid: str,
+        model_data: dict,
+    ) -> None:
         """Update an existing rerank model"""
         existing_model = await self.get_rerank_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
         if existing_model is None:
             raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         model_data = model_data.copy()
         model_data.pop('uuid', None)
         model_data.pop('workspace_uuid', None)
@@ -795,6 +854,7 @@ class RerankModelsService:
 
         provider_uuid = model_data.get('provider_uuid', existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         await _require_workspace_provider(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, provider_uuid)
         await _validate_provider_supports(self.ap, context, provider_uuid, 'rerank')
 
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -829,6 +889,11 @@ class RerankModelsService:
 
     async def delete_rerank_model(self, context: TenantContext, model_uuid: str) -> None:
         """Delete a rerank model"""
+        if _is_cloud_runtime(self.ap):
+            existing_model = await self.get_rerank_model(context, model_uuid, include_secret=True)
+            if existing_model is None:
+                raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Model not found')
+            await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(self.ap, context, existing_model['provider_uuid'])
         result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
             scope_statement(
                 sqlalchemy.delete(persistence_model.RerankModel).where(

src/langbot/pkg/api/http/service/provider.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import traceback
 
 import sqlalchemy
 
+from ....cloud.model_catalog import LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER
 from ....core import app
 from ....entity.persistence import model as persistence_model
 from ....workspace.errors import WorkspaceNotFoundError
@@ -20,6 +21,20 @@ class ModelProviderService:
     def __init__(self, ap: app.Application) -> None:
         self.ap = ap
 
+    def _is_cloud_runtime(self) -> bool:
+        mode = getattr(self.ap.persistence_mgr, 'mode', None)
+        return getattr(mode, 'value', None) == 'cloud_runtime'
+
+    def _system_requester_is_reserved(self, requester: object) -> bool:
+        return self._is_cloud_runtime() and requester == LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER
+
+    async def _assert_provider_mutable(self, context: TenantContext, provider_uuid: str) -> None:
+        if not self._is_cloud_runtime():
+            return
+        provider = await self.get_provider(context, provider_uuid)
+        if provider is not None and self._system_requester_is_reserved(provider.get('requester')):
+            raise ValueError('LangBot Models is managed by Cloud and cannot be modified')
+
     @staticmethod
     def _normalize_api_keys(api_keys: str | list[str] | tuple[str, ...] | None) -> list[str]:
         if api_keys is None:
@@ -99,6 +114,8 @@ class ModelProviderService:
     async def create_provider(self, context: TenantContext, provider_data: dict) -> str:
         """Create a new provider"""
         provider_data = provider_data.copy()
+        if self._system_requester_is_reserved(provider_data.get('requester')):
+            raise ValueError('space-chat-completions is reserved for the Cloud-managed LangBot Models provider')
         provider_data['uuid'] = str(uuid.uuid4())
         provider_data['workspace_uuid'] = require_workspace_uuid(context)
         provider_data['api_keys'] = self._normalize_api_keys(
@@ -115,7 +132,10 @@ class ModelProviderService:
 
     async def update_provider(self, context: TenantContext, provider_uuid: str, provider_data: dict) -> None:
         """Update an existing provider"""
+        await self._assert_provider_mutable(context, provider_uuid)
         provider_data = provider_data.copy()
+        if self._system_requester_is_reserved(provider_data.get('requester')):
+            raise ValueError('space-chat-completions is reserved for the Cloud-managed LangBot Models provider')
         provider_data.pop('uuid', None)
         provider_data.pop('workspace_uuid', None)
         if 'api_keys' in provider_data:
@@ -145,6 +165,7 @@ class ModelProviderService:
 
     async def delete_provider(self, context: TenantContext, provider_uuid: str) -> None:
         """Delete a provider (only if no models reference it)"""
+        await self._assert_provider_mutable(context, provider_uuid)
         workspace_uuid = require_workspace_uuid(context)
         # Check if any models use this provider
         llm_result = await self.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async(
@@ -245,6 +266,8 @@ class ModelProviderService:
         api_keys: list,
     ) -> str:
         """Find existing provider or create new one"""
+        if self._system_requester_is_reserved(requester):
+            raise ValueError('space-chat-completions is reserved for the Cloud-managed LangBot Models provider')
         workspace_uuid = require_workspace_uuid(context)
         api_keys = self._normalize_api_keys(restore_secret_placeholders(api_keys, sensitive=True))
 

src/langbot/pkg/cloud/bootstrap.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol, runtime_checkable
 from ..workspace.policy import CloudWorkspacePolicy, SingleWorkspacePolicy
 from .directory import DirectoryProjectionProvider, directory_projection_limits_from_config
 from .entitlements import EntitlementProvider, OpenSourceEntitlementProvider
+from .model_catalog import CloudModelCatalogProvider
 
 
 CLOUD_BOOTSTRAP_ENTRY_POINT = 'langbot.cloud_bootstrap'
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ class OpenSourceDeployment:
     )
     directory_provider: None = None
     manifest_provider: None = None
+    model_catalog_provider: None = None
     persistence_mode: str = 'oss_compat'
     required_vector_backend: str | None = None
 
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ class VerifiedCloudDeployment:
     entitlement_provider: EntitlementProvider
     directory_provider: DirectoryProjectionProvider
     manifest_provider: CloudManifestProvider
+    model_catalog_provider: CloudModelCatalogProvider
     verification_key_id: str
     mode: str = dataclasses.field(default='cloud', init=False)
     workspace_policy: CloudWorkspacePolicy = dataclasses.field(default_factory=CloudWorkspacePolicy, init=False)
@@ -110,6 +113,8 @@ class VerifiedCloudDeployment:
             raise CloudBootstrapError('Verified Cloud bootstrap did not provide a directory adapter')
         if not isinstance(self.manifest_provider, CloudManifestProvider):
             raise CloudBootstrapError('Verified Cloud bootstrap did not provide a Manifest renewal adapter')
+        if not isinstance(self.model_catalog_provider, CloudModelCatalogProvider):
+            raise CloudBootstrapError('Verified Cloud bootstrap did not provide a model catalog adapter')
 
     def validate_instance_config(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         try:
@@ -138,8 +143,14 @@ class VerifiedCloudDeployment:
         if plugin_worker.get('require_hard_limits') is not True:
             raise CloudBootstrapError('Cloud Runtime requires plugin.worker.require_hard_limits=true')
         box_config = config.get('box', {})
-        if box_config.get('enabled') is not True:
-            raise CloudBootstrapError('Cloud runtime requires box.enabled=true')
+        box_enabled = box_config.get('enabled')
+        if box_enabled is False:
+            # Explicitly disabling Box removes the sandbox surface entirely and
+            # therefore does not weaken tenant isolation. Validate the strict
+            # runtime/admission contract only when the surface is enabled.
+            return
+        if box_enabled is not True:
+            raise CloudBootstrapError('Cloud runtime requires box.enabled to be an explicit boolean')
         if box_config.get('backend') != 'nsjail':
             raise CloudBootstrapError('Cloud runtime requires box.backend=nsjail')
         runtime_endpoint = str(box_config.get('runtime', {}).get('endpoint', '') or '').strip()

src/langbot/pkg/cloud/model_catalog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+
+import sqlalchemy
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, SecretStr, field_validator
+
+from ..entity.persistence import model as persistence_model
+
+
+LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER = 'space-chat-completions'
+LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_NAME = 'LangBot Models'
+_MODEL_RESOURCE_NAMESPACE = uuid.UUID('94c703ca-1df5-4e91-bcd3-74ac65cb7921')
+_SUPPORTED_CATEGORIES = {'chat', 'embedding', 'rerank'}
+_MODEL_TABLES = (
+    persistence_model.LLMModel,
+    persistence_model.EmbeddingModel,
+    persistence_model.RerankModel,
+)
+
+
+class CloudModelCatalogItem(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', frozen=True)
+
+    uuid: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=255)
+    model_id: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=255)
+    category: Literal['chat', 'embedding', 'rerank']
+    llm_abilities: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    is_featured: bool = False
+    featured_order: int = 0
+
+    @field_validator('llm_abilities', mode='before')
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_missing_abilities(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        return () if value is None else value
+
+    @field_validator('llm_abilities')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_abilities(cls, value: tuple[str, ...]) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        if any(not item.strip() or len(item) > 64 for item in value):
+            raise ValueError('Model abilities must be non-empty strings of at most 64 characters')
+        if len(set(value)) != len(value):
+            raise ValueError('Model abilities must be unique')
+        return value
+
+
+class CloudWorkspaceModelBilling(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', frozen=True)
+
+    workspace_uuid: str = Field(min_length=36, max_length=36)
+    owner_account_uuid: str | None = Field(default=None, min_length=36, max_length=36)
+    api_key: SecretStr | None = None
+    credits: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator('workspace_uuid')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_uuid(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        return str(uuid.UUID(value))
+
+    @field_validator('owner_account_uuid')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_optional_uuid(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+        return None if value is None else str(uuid.UUID(value))
+
+
+class CloudModelCatalogSnapshot(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', frozen=True)
+
+    instance_uuid: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=255)
+    generated_at: datetime
+    base_url: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=512)
+    models: tuple[CloudModelCatalogItem, ...]
+    workspaces: tuple[CloudWorkspaceModelBilling, ...]
+
+    @field_validator('base_url')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_base_url(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        normalized = value.rstrip('/')
+        if not normalized.startswith('https://'):
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model gateway base URL must use HTTPS')
+        return normalized
+
+    @field_validator('models')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_models(cls, value: tuple[CloudModelCatalogItem, ...]) -> tuple[CloudModelCatalogItem, ...]:
+        if len(value) > 500:
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog exceeds 500 models')
+        identities = {(item.category, item.uuid) for item in value}
+        if len(identities) != len(value):
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog contains duplicate model identities')
+        return value
+
+    @field_validator('workspaces')
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_workspaces(
+        cls, value: tuple[CloudWorkspaceModelBilling, ...]
+    ) -> tuple[CloudWorkspaceModelBilling, ...]:
+        if len(value) > 10_000:
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog exceeds 10000 Workspaces')
+        identities = {item.workspace_uuid for item in value}
+        if len(identities) != len(value):
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog contains duplicate Workspaces')
+        return value
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class CloudModelCatalogProvider(Protocol):
+    async def fetch_model_catalog(self, instance_uuid: str) -> CloudModelCatalogSnapshot:
+        """Fetch and verify the complete model catalog and Workspace billing projection."""
+        ...
+
+
+def system_provider_uuid(workspace_uuid: str) -> str:
+    workspace = str(uuid.UUID(workspace_uuid))
+    return str(uuid.uuid5(_MODEL_RESOURCE_NAMESPACE, f'{workspace}:provider:{LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER}'))
+
+
+def system_model_uuid(workspace_uuid: str, category: str, upstream_uuid: str) -> str:
+    workspace = str(uuid.UUID(workspace_uuid))
+    if category not in _SUPPORTED_CATEGORIES:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported model category: {category}')
+    if not upstream_uuid:
+        raise ValueError('Upstream model UUID is required')
+    return str(uuid.uuid5(_MODEL_RESOURCE_NAMESPACE, f'{workspace}:model:{category}:{upstream_uuid}'))
+
+
+class CloudModelCatalogSyncService:
+    """Reconcile Space-owned model catalog and Owner billing tokens into every Cloud Workspace."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ap: Any,
+        provider: CloudModelCatalogProvider,
+        instance_uuid: str,
+        *,
+        sync_interval_seconds: float = 3600.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(provider, CloudModelCatalogProvider):
+            raise TypeError('Cloud model catalog sync requires a CloudModelCatalogProvider')
+        if sync_interval_seconds < 10:
+            raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog sync interval must be at least 10 seconds')
+        self.ap = ap
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.instance_uuid = instance_uuid
+        self.sync_interval_seconds = float(sync_interval_seconds)
+        # A tenant UoW commits one Workspace at a time. Keep a durable in-memory
+        # convergence marker so a failed runtime reload is retried even when the
+        # following database reconciliation is a no-op.
+        self._runtime_reload_pending = False
+        self._workspace_credits: dict[str, int | None] = {}
+
+    def get_workspace_credits(self, workspace_uuid: str) -> int | None:
+        """Return the latest signed owner-credit projection for a Workspace."""
+        return self._workspace_credits.get(str(uuid.UUID(workspace_uuid)))
+
+    async def initialize(self) -> None:
+        await self.sync_once(reload_runtime=False)
+
+    async def run(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.sync_interval_seconds)
+            try:
+                await self.sync_once(reload_runtime=True)
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Exception messages can contain rendered SQL bound values,
+                # including provider API keys. Log only the exception class.
+                self.ap.logger.warning(f'Cloud model catalog synchronization failed ({type(exc).__name__})')
+
+    async def sync_once(self, *, reload_runtime: bool = True) -> dict[str, int]:
+        summary = {'workspaces': 0, 'created': 0, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        snapshot: CloudModelCatalogSnapshot | None = None
+        sync_error: Exception | None = None
+        reload_error: Exception | None = None
+        try:
+            snapshot = await self.provider.fetch_model_catalog(self.instance_uuid)
+            if snapshot.instance_uuid != self.instance_uuid:
+                raise ValueError('Cloud model catalog targets another LangBot instance')
+
+            bindings = await self.ap.workspace_service.list_active_execution_bindings()
+            billing_by_workspace = {item.workspace_uuid: item for item in snapshot.workspaces}
+            missing = sorted(
+                binding.workspace_uuid for binding in bindings if binding.workspace_uuid not in billing_by_workspace
+            )
+            if missing:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'Cloud model catalog is missing billing projections for {len(missing)} active Workspaces'
+                )
+
+            for binding in bindings:
+                counts = await self._sync_workspace(
+                    binding.workspace_uuid,
+                    snapshot,
+                    billing_by_workspace[binding.workspace_uuid],
+                )
+                summary['workspaces'] += 1
+                workspace_changed = any(counts[key] > 0 for key in ('created', 'updated', 'deleted'))
+                if workspace_changed:
+                    # _sync_workspace returns only after its tenant UoW commits.
+                    self._runtime_reload_pending = True
+                for key in ('created', 'updated', 'deleted'):
+                    summary[key] += counts[key]
+                self._workspace_credits[binding.workspace_uuid] = billing_by_workspace[binding.workspace_uuid].credits
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sync_error = exc
+        finally:
+            model_mgr = getattr(self.ap, 'model_mgr', None)
+            if reload_runtime and self._runtime_reload_pending and model_mgr is not None:
+                try:
+                    await model_mgr.load_models_from_db()
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    reload_error = exc
+                else:
+                    self._runtime_reload_pending = False
+
+        if sync_error is not None:
+            if reload_error is not None:
+                raise sync_error from reload_error
+            raise sync_error
+        if reload_error is not None:
+            raise reload_error
+
+        changed = any(summary[key] > 0 for key in ('created', 'updated', 'deleted'))
+        if changed and snapshot is not None:
+            self.ap.logger.info(
+                'Cloud model catalog synchronized '
+                f'({summary["workspaces"]} Workspaces, {len(snapshot.models)} models, '
+                f'created={summary["created"]}, updated={summary["updated"]}, deleted={summary["deleted"]})'
+            )
+        return summary
+
+    async def _sync_workspace(
+        self,
+        workspace_uuid: str,
+        snapshot: CloudModelCatalogSnapshot,
+        billing: CloudWorkspaceModelBilling,
+    ) -> dict[str, int]:
+        counts = {'created': 0, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        provider_uuid = system_provider_uuid(workspace_uuid)
+        desired_keys = [billing.api_key.get_secret_value()] if billing.api_key is not None else []
+
+        async with self.ap.persistence_mgr.tenant_uow(workspace_uuid) as uow:
+            provider = await uow.session.scalar(
+                sqlalchemy.select(persistence_model.ModelProvider).where(
+                    persistence_model.ModelProvider.uuid == provider_uuid
+                )
+            )
+            provider_values = {
+                'workspace_uuid': workspace_uuid,
+                'name': LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_NAME,
+                'requester': LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER,
+                'base_url': snapshot.base_url,
+                'api_keys': desired_keys,
+            }
+            if provider is None:
+                provider = persistence_model.ModelProvider(uuid=provider_uuid, **provider_values)
+                uow.session.add(provider)
+                await uow.session.flush()
+                counts['created'] += 1
+            elif self._update_entity(provider, provider_values):
+                counts['updated'] += 1
+
+            existing_by_table: dict[type, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+            for table in _MODEL_TABLES:
+                rows = (
+                    await uow.session.scalars(sqlalchemy.select(table).where(table.provider_uuid == provider_uuid))
+                ).all()
+                existing_by_table[table] = {row.uuid: row for row in rows}
+
+            desired_ids: dict[type, set[str]] = {table: set() for table in _MODEL_TABLES}
+            for item in snapshot.models:
+                table, values = self._model_values(workspace_uuid, provider_uuid, item)
+                model_uuid = system_model_uuid(workspace_uuid, item.category, item.uuid)
+                desired_ids[table].add(model_uuid)
+                existing = existing_by_table[table].get(model_uuid)
+                if existing is None:
+                    uow.session.add(table(uuid=model_uuid, **values))
+                    counts['created'] += 1
+                elif self._update_entity(existing, values):
+                    counts['updated'] += 1
+
+            for table, entities in existing_by_table.items():
+                for model_uuid, entity in entities.items():
+                    if model_uuid not in desired_ids[table]:
+                        await uow.session.delete(entity)
+                        counts['deleted'] += 1
+
+        return counts
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _update_entity(entity: Any, values: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        changed = False
+        for key, value in values.items():
+            if getattr(entity, key) != value:
+                setattr(entity, key, value)
+                changed = True
+        return changed
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _model_values(
+        workspace_uuid: str,
+        provider_uuid: str,
+        item: CloudModelCatalogItem,
+    ) -> tuple[type, dict[str, Any]]:
+        ranking = 100 - item.featured_order if item.is_featured else 0
+        common = {
+            'workspace_uuid': workspace_uuid,
+            'name': item.model_id,
+            'provider_uuid': provider_uuid,
+            'extra_args': {},
+            'prefered_ranking': ranking,
+        }
+        if item.category == 'chat':
+            return persistence_model.LLMModel, {
+                **common,
+                'abilities': list(item.llm_abilities),
+                'context_length': None,
+            }
+        if item.category == 'embedding':
+            return persistence_model.EmbeddingModel, common
+        if item.category == 'rerank':
+            return persistence_model.RerankModel, common
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported model category: {item.category}')

src/langbot/pkg/core/app.py

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ from ..cloud import launch as cloud_launch_module
 from ..cloud import support_admin as cloud_support_admin_module
 from ..cloud import directory_projection as cloud_directory_projection_module
 from ..cloud import entitlements as cloud_entitlements_module
+from ..cloud import model_catalog as cloud_model_catalog_module
 from ..api.http.context import ExecutionContext, PrincipalContext, PrincipalType
 
 
@@ -142,13 +143,12 @@ class Application:
     deployment: cloud_bootstrap_module.OpenSourceDeployment | cloud_bootstrap_module.VerifiedCloudDeployment = None
 
     deployment_admission: cloud_bootstrap_module.DeploymentAdmissionGuard = None
-
+    directory_projection_service: cloud_directory_projection_module.DirectoryProjectionService | None = None
+    cloud_model_catalog_service: cloud_model_catalog_module.CloudModelCatalogSyncService | None = None
     manifest_refresh_service: cloud_bootstrap_module.CloudManifestRefreshService | None = None
 
     entitlement_resolver: cloud_entitlements_module.EntitlementResolver | None = None
 
-    directory_projection_service: cloud_directory_projection_module.DirectoryProjectionService | None = None
-
     vector_db_mgr: vectordb_mgr.VectorDBManager = None
 
     http_ctrl: http_controller.HTTPController = None
@@ -306,6 +306,12 @@ class Application:
                     name='cloud-directory-projection',
                     scopes=[core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.APPLICATION],
                 )
+            if self.cloud_model_catalog_service is not None:
+                self.task_mgr.create_task(
+                    self.cloud_model_catalog_service.run(),
+                    name='cloud-model-catalog-sync',
+                    scopes=[core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.APPLICATION],
+                )
             if self.manifest_refresh_service is not None:
                 self.task_mgr.create_task(
                     self.manifest_refresh_service.run(),

src/langbot/pkg/core/stages/build_app.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from ...cloud import support_admin as cloud_support_admin_module
 from ...cloud.directory import directory_projection_limits_from_config
 from ...cloud.directory_projection import DirectoryProjectionService
 from ...cloud.entitlements import EntitlementResolver
+from ...cloud.model_catalog import CloudModelCatalogSyncService
 from ...api.http.context import ExecutionContext, PrincipalContext, PrincipalType
 from ...api.http.authz import WorkspaceRequiredError
 
@@ -176,6 +177,16 @@ class BuildAppStage(stage.BootingStage):
             # of repeating tenant validation for every manager.
             await workspace_service_inst.prime_startup_execution_bindings()
 
+            if not isinstance(deployment, cloud_bootstrap.VerifiedCloudDeployment):
+                raise RuntimeError('Multi-Workspace runtime requires a verified Cloud deployment')
+            cloud_model_catalog_service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(
+                ap,
+                deployment.model_catalog_provider,
+                constants.instance_id,
+            )
+            await cloud_model_catalog_service.initialize()
+            ap.cloud_model_catalog_service = cloud_model_catalog_service
+
         ap.workspace_collaboration_service = workspace_collaboration_module.WorkspaceCollaborationService(
             ap,
             workspace_service_inst,

src/langbot/pkg/entity/persistence/workspace.py

@@ -163,6 +163,13 @@ class WorkspaceMembership(Base):
     __table_args__ = (
         sqlalchemy.UniqueConstraint('workspace_uuid', 'account_uuid', name='uq_workspace_membership_account'),
         sqlalchemy.Index('ix_workspace_memberships_account_status', 'account_uuid', 'status'),
+        sqlalchemy.Index(
+            'uq_workspace_memberships_one_active_owner',
+            'workspace_uuid',
+            unique=True,
+            sqlite_where=sqlalchemy.text("role = 'owner' AND status = 'active'"),
+            postgresql_where=sqlalchemy.text("role = 'owner' AND status = 'active'"),
+        ),
         sqlalchemy.CheckConstraint(
             "role IN ('owner', 'admin', 'developer', 'operator', 'viewer')",
             name='ck_workspace_memberships_role',

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0016_space_launch_replay.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""add durable replay protection for signed Space launch assertions
+
+Revision ID: 0016_space_launch_replay
+Revises: 0015_cloud_core_collab
+Create Date: 2026-07-31
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = '0016_space_launch_replay'
+down_revision = '0015_cloud_core_collab'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+_TABLE = 'space_launch_assertion_consumptions'
+_POLICY = 'langbot_directory_projection'
+_SETTING = "NULLIF(current_setting('langbot.directory_instance_uuid', true), '')"
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    if _TABLE not in set(sa.inspect(conn).get_table_names()):
+        op.create_table(
+            _TABLE,
+            sa.Column('instance_uuid', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('jti', sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('expires_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column('consumed_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+            sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('instance_uuid', 'jti'),
+        )
+        op.create_index(
+            'ix_space_launch_assertion_consumptions_expiry',
+            _TABLE,
+            ['instance_uuid', 'expires_at'],
+            unique=False,
+        )
+    if conn.dialect.name == 'postgresql':
+        table = conn.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote(_TABLE)
+        policy = conn.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote(_POLICY)
+        expression = f'instance_uuid::text = {_SETTING}'
+        op.execute(sa.text(f'ALTER TABLE {table} ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY'))
+        op.execute(sa.text(f'ALTER TABLE {table} FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY'))
+        op.execute(sa.text(f'DROP POLICY IF EXISTS {policy} ON {table}'))
+        op.execute(
+            sa.text(
+                f'CREATE POLICY {policy} ON {table} AS PERMISSIVE FOR ALL TO PUBLIC '
+                f'USING ({expression}) WITH CHECK ({expression})'
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    if _TABLE in set(sa.inspect(op.get_bind()).get_table_names()):
+        op.drop_table(_TABLE)

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0017_oss_workspace_identity.py

@@ -67,10 +67,7 @@ def _suspend_postgres_rls(
     states: dict[str, tuple[bool, bool]] = {}
     for table_name in table_names:
         row = conn.execute(
-            sa.text(
-                'SELECT relrowsecurity, relforcerowsecurity '
-                'FROM pg_class WHERE oid = to_regclass(:table_name)'
-            ),
+            sa.text('SELECT relrowsecurity, relforcerowsecurity FROM pg_class WHERE oid = to_regclass(:table_name)'),
             {'table_name': table_name},
         ).one()
         enabled, forced = bool(row.relrowsecurity), bool(row.relforcerowsecurity)
@@ -141,18 +138,11 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
             if table_name == 'workspaces':
                 continue
             table = sa.Table(table_name, metadata, autoload_with=conn, extend_existing=True)
-            conn.execute(
-                table.update()
-                .where(table.c.workspace_uuid == old_uuid)
-                .values(workspace_uuid=canonical_uuid)
-            )
+            conn.execute(table.update().where(table.c.workspace_uuid == old_uuid).values(workspace_uuid=canonical_uuid))
 
         if 'metadata' in table_names:
             conn.execute(
-                sa.text(
-                    'UPDATE metadata SET value = :canonical_uuid '
-                    'WHERE key = :key AND value = :old_uuid'
-                ),
+                sa.text('UPDATE metadata SET value = :canonical_uuid WHERE key = :key AND value = :old_uuid'),
                 {
                     'canonical_uuid': canonical_uuid,
                     'key': _OSS_WORKSPACE_METADATA_KEY,

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0018_merge_launch_replay.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""merge the published Space launch replay and main migration branches
+
+Revision ID: 0018_merge_launch_replay
+Revises: 0016_space_launch_replay, 0017_oss_workspace_identity
+Create Date: 2026-08-01
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+revision = '0018_merge_launch_replay'
+down_revision = ('0016_space_launch_replay', '0017_oss_workspace_identity')
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    pass

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/alembic/versions/0019_single_workspace_owner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""enforce one active owner per Workspace
+
+Revision ID: 0019_single_workspace_owner
+Revises: 0018_merge_launch_replay
+Create Date: 2026-08-02
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision = '0019_single_workspace_owner'
+down_revision = '0018_merge_launch_replay'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+_INDEX_NAME = 'uq_workspace_memberships_one_active_owner'
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = sa.inspect(conn)
+    if 'workspace_memberships' not in inspector.get_table_names():
+        return
+
+    # Ownership transfer used to promote a second member without demoting the
+    # original owner. Preserve the Workspace creator where possible and demote
+    # every historical extra owner before installing the database invariant.
+    op.execute(
+        sa.text(
+            """
+            WITH ranked_owners AS (
+                SELECT membership.uuid,
+                       ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
+                           PARTITION BY membership.workspace_uuid
+                           ORDER BY
+                               CASE
+                                   WHEN membership.account_uuid = workspace.created_by_account_uuid THEN 0
+                                   ELSE 1
+                               END,
+                               COALESCE(membership.joined_at, membership.created_at),
+                               membership.uuid
+                       ) AS owner_rank
+                FROM workspace_memberships AS membership
+                JOIN workspaces AS workspace
+                  ON workspace.uuid = membership.workspace_uuid
+                WHERE membership.role = 'owner'
+                  AND membership.status = 'active'
+            )
+            UPDATE workspace_memberships
+               SET role = 'admin'
+             WHERE uuid IN (
+                 SELECT uuid
+                   FROM ranked_owners
+                  WHERE owner_rank > 1
+             )
+            """
+        )
+    )
+    # Fresh installations may already have this index because SQLAlchemy
+    # metadata is created before Alembic advances the revision marker.
+    op.execute(
+        sa.text(
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS '
+            'uq_workspace_memberships_one_active_owner '
+            'ON workspace_memberships (workspace_uuid) '
+            "WHERE role = 'owner' AND status = 'active'"
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    conn = op.get_bind()
+    inspector = sa.inspect(conn)
+    if 'workspace_memberships' not in inspector.get_table_names():
+        return
+    index_names = {index['name'] for index in inspector.get_indexes('workspace_memberships')}
+    if _INDEX_NAME in index_names:
+        op.drop_index(_INDEX_NAME, table_name='workspace_memberships')

src/langbot/pkg/persistence/tenant_uow.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ _ALLOWED_SCOPED_BUILTIN_FUNCTION_TYPES = {
     'now': sqlalchemy.sql.functions.now,
     'sum': sqlalchemy.sql.functions.sum,
 }
-_ALLOWED_SCOPED_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS = frozenset({'length', 'nullif'})
+_ALLOWED_SCOPED_GENERIC_FUNCTIONS = frozenset({'date_trunc', 'length', 'nullif'})
 _ALLOWED_SCOPED_CUSTOM_OPERATORS = frozenset({'<=>'})
 _ALLOWED_SCOPED_STATEMENT_TYPES = (
     sqlalchemy.sql.dml.UpdateBase,

src/langbot/pkg/pipeline/controller.py

@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ class Controller:
 
                             break
 
-                    if selected_query:  # 找到了
-                        queries.remove(selected_query)
-                    else:  # 没找到 说明：没有请求 或者 所有query对应的session都已达到并发上限
+                    if not selected_query:  # 没找到 说明：没有请求 或者 所有query对应的session都已达到并发上限
                         await self.ap.query_pool.condition.wait()
                         continue
 

src/langbot/pkg/platform/sources/websocket_adapter.py

@@ -707,28 +707,37 @@ class WebSocketAdapter(abstract_platform_adapter.AbstractMessagePlatformAdapter)
             if len(listener_tasks) >= 100:
                 await self.logger.warning('WebSocket inbound listener capacity reached; dropping message')
                 return
-            token = _current_pipeline_uuid.set(pipeline_uuid)
-            try:
-                task_manager = getattr(self.ap, 'task_mgr', None)
-                if task_manager is None or not isinstance(getattr(task_manager, 'tasks', None), list):
-                    listener_task = asyncio.create_task(listeners[event.__class__](event, callback_adapter))
-                else:
-                    listener_task = task_manager.create_task(
-                        listeners[event.__class__](event, callback_adapter),
-                        kind='websocket-message',
-                        name=f'websocket-message-{connection.connection_id}',
-                        scopes=[
-                            core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.APPLICATION,
-                            core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.PLATFORM,
-                        ],
-                        instance_uuid=connection.instance_uuid,
-                        workspace_uuid=connection.workspace_uuid,
-                        placement_generation=connection.placement_generation,
-                    ).task
-                listener_tasks.add(listener_task)
-                listener_task.add_done_callback(self._listener_task_done)
-            finally:
-                _current_pipeline_uuid.reset(token)
+            listener = typing.cast(
+                typing.Callable[[typing.Any, typing.Any], typing.Awaitable[None]],
+                listeners[event.__class__],
+            )
+
+            async def run_listener():
+                token = _current_pipeline_uuid.set(pipeline_uuid)
+                try:
+                    await listener(event, callback_adapter)
+                finally:
+                    _current_pipeline_uuid.reset(token)
+
+            listener_coro = run_listener()
+            task_manager = getattr(self.ap, 'task_mgr', None)
+            if task_manager is None or not isinstance(getattr(task_manager, 'tasks', None), list):
+                listener_task = asyncio.create_task(listener_coro)
+            else:
+                listener_task = task_manager.create_task(
+                    listener_coro,
+                    kind='websocket-message',
+                    name=f'websocket-message-{connection.connection_id}',
+                    scopes=[
+                        core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.APPLICATION,
+                        core_entities.LifecycleControlScope.PLATFORM,
+                    ],
+                    instance_uuid=connection.instance_uuid,
+                    workspace_uuid=connection.workspace_uuid,
+                    placement_generation=connection.placement_generation,
+                ).task
+            listener_tasks.add(listener_task)
+            listener_task.add_done_callback(self._listener_task_done)
 
     def get_websocket_messages(
         self,

src/langbot/pkg/telemetry/heartbeat.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class WorkspaceResourceSnapshot(typing.TypedDict):
     extension_count: int
     skill_count: int
     adapters: list[str]
+    execution_generation: int
 
 
 async def _count(
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ async def _cloud_workspace_resource_counts(ap: core_app.Application, bindings) -
             'extension_count': 0,
             'skill_count': 0,
             'adapters': [],
+            'execution_generation': binding.placement_generation,
         }
         for binding in bindings
     }

src/langbot/pkg/telemetry/identity.py

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ def workspace_identity(execution_context: WorkspaceExecutionContext) -> dict[str
     """Build the canonical telemetry identity for one Workspace execution."""
     workspace_uuid = execution_context.workspace_uuid.strip()
     if not workspace_uuid:
-        raise ValueError("Telemetry execution Workspace UUID is empty")
-    return {"workspace_uuid": workspace_uuid}
+        raise ValueError('Telemetry execution Workspace UUID is empty')
+    return {'workspace_uuid': workspace_uuid}

src/langbot/pkg/workspace/collaboration.py

@@ -606,6 +606,8 @@ class WorkspaceCollaborationService:
     ) -> WorkspaceMembership:
         if role not in {item.value for item in MembershipRole}:
             raise MembershipPermissionError('Unknown Workspace role')
+        if role == MembershipRole.OWNER.value:
+            raise MembershipPermissionError('Workspace ownership cannot be transferred')
 
         async def operation(active_session: AsyncSession) -> WorkspaceMembership:
             await self._require_active_workspace(active_session, workspace_uuid)
@@ -617,8 +619,8 @@ class WorkspaceCollaborationService:
                 target_account_uuid,
             )
             self._require_can_manage_target(persisted_actor, target, new_role=role)
-            if target.role == MembershipRole.OWNER.value and role != MembershipRole.OWNER.value:
-                await self._require_another_owner(active_session, workspace_uuid, target.account_uuid)
+            if target.role == MembershipRole.OWNER.value:
+                raise LastOwnerError('The Workspace owner cannot be removed or demoted')
             target.role = role
             await active_session.flush()
             return target
@@ -644,7 +646,7 @@ class WorkspaceCollaborationService:
             )
             self._require_can_manage_target(persisted_actor, target)
             if target.role == MembershipRole.OWNER.value:
-                await self._require_another_owner(active_session, workspace_uuid, target.account_uuid)
+                raise LastOwnerError('The Workspace owner cannot be removed or demoted')
             target.status = MembershipStatus.REMOVED.value
             await active_session.flush()
             return target
@@ -751,26 +753,6 @@ class WorkspaceCollaborationService:
             raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Workspace not found')
         return persisted_actor
 
-    async def _require_another_owner(
-        self,
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        workspace_uuid: str,
-        excluded_account_uuid: str,
-    ) -> None:
-        owners = (
-            await session.scalars(
-                sqlalchemy.select(WorkspaceMembership)
-                .where(
-                    WorkspaceMembership.workspace_uuid == workspace_uuid,
-                    WorkspaceMembership.status == MembershipStatus.ACTIVE.value,
-                    WorkspaceMembership.role == MembershipRole.OWNER.value,
-                )
-                .with_for_update()
-            )
-        ).all()
-        if not any(owner.account_uuid != excluded_account_uuid for owner in owners):
-            raise LastOwnerError('The last Workspace owner cannot be removed or demoted')
-
     def _require_actor_workspace(self, actor: WorkspaceMembership, workspace_uuid: str) -> None:
         if actor.workspace_uuid != workspace_uuid or actor.status != MembershipStatus.ACTIVE.value:
             raise WorkspaceNotFoundError('Workspace not found')

src/langbot/pkg/workspace/identity.py

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import uuid
 
 
-_INSTANCE_PREFIX = "instance_"
-_WORKSPACE_IDENTITY_NAMESPACE = uuid.UUID("8ea04f29-8528-4cc3-bb28-30a838c89d76")
+_INSTANCE_PREFIX = 'instance_'
+_WORKSPACE_IDENTITY_NAMESPACE = uuid.UUID('8ea04f29-8528-4cc3-bb28-30a838c89d76')
 
 
 def workspace_uuid_from_instance_id(instance_id: str) -> str:
     """Return the stable OSS Workspace UUID for a persisted instance identity."""
     value = instance_id.strip()
     if not value:
-        raise ValueError("LangBot instance identity is empty")
+        raise ValueError('LangBot instance identity is empty')
 
     candidate = value[len(_INSTANCE_PREFIX) :] if value.startswith(_INSTANCE_PREFIX) else value
     try:

tests/integration/api/test_smoke.py

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Run: uv run pytest tests/integration/api/test_smoke.py -q
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
 import pytest
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, AsyncMock, Mock
 
@@ -304,12 +306,34 @@ class TestUserInitEndpoint:
         data = await response.get_json()
         assert data['data'] == {
             'initialized': True,
+            'authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled': False,
             'password_login_enabled': True,
             'space_login_enabled': False,
         }
         fake_api_app.user_service.get_login_capabilities.assert_awaited_once_with()
         fake_api_app.user_service.get_first_user.assert_not_awaited()
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_account_info_enables_authenticated_invitation_acceptance_in_cloud(
+        self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app
+    ):
+        fake_api_app.deployment = SimpleNamespace(mode='cloud')
+        fake_api_app.user_service.is_initialized.return_value = True
+        fake_api_app.user_service.get_login_capabilities = AsyncMock(
+            return_value={'password_login_enabled': True, 'space_login_enabled': True}
+        )
+
+        response = await quart_test_client.get('/api/v1/user/account-info')
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = await response.get_json()
+        assert data['data'] == {
+            'initialized': True,
+            'authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled': True,
+            'password_login_enabled': False,
+            'space_login_enabled': True,
+        }
+
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_recovery_key_resets_any_existing_account(self, quart_test_client, fake_api_app, monkeypatch):
         fake_api_app.user_service.is_initialized.return_value = True

tests/integration/api/test_support_admin_launch.py

@@ -333,7 +333,6 @@ async def test_support_admin_request_context_has_actor_owner_and_no_membership(s
     assert Permission.RESOURCE_MANAGE.value in permissions
     assert not permissions.intersection(
         {
-            Permission.OWNER_TRANSFER.value,
             Permission.MEMBER_VIEW.value,
             Permission.MEMBER_INVITE.value,
             Permission.MEMBER_UPDATE_ROLE.value,

tests/integration/api/test_user_space_oauth.py

@@ -272,9 +272,10 @@ async def test_space_credits_are_resolved_from_workspace_owner(space_oauth_api):
         '/api/v1/user/space-credits',
         headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer account-token', 'X-Workspace-Id': WORKSPACE_UUID},
     )
+    payload = await response.get_json()
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert (await response.get_json())['data'] == {
+    assert payload['data'] == {
         'credits': 25000,
         'owner_space_bound': True,
         'is_workspace_owner': True,
@@ -282,6 +283,31 @@ async def test_space_credits_are_resolved_from_workspace_owner(space_oauth_api):
     application.space_service.get_credits.assert_awaited_once_with('owner@example.com')
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cloud_workspace_owner_is_always_space_bound_after_login(space_oauth_api):
+    application, client = space_oauth_api
+    application.deployment.mode = 'cloud'
+    application.user_service.get_workspace_owner = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    application.space_service.get_credits = AsyncMock()
+    application.cloud_model_catalog_service = SimpleNamespace(
+        get_workspace_credits=lambda workspace_uuid: 25000 if workspace_uuid == WORKSPACE_UUID else None
+    )
+
+    response = await client.get(
+        '/api/v1/user/space-credits',
+        headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer account-token', 'X-Workspace-Id': WORKSPACE_UUID},
+    )
+    payload = await response.get_json()
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert payload['data'] == {
+        'credits': 25000,
+        'owner_space_bound': True,
+        'is_workspace_owner': True,
+    }
+    application.space_service.get_credits.assert_not_awaited()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_bind_callback_uses_opaque_state_and_never_treats_it_as_jwt(space_oauth_api):
     application, client = space_oauth_api

tests/integration/api/test_workspaces.py

@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ async def test_owner_invites_second_account_and_secret_is_not_persisted(workspac
     workspace_uuid = current['workspace']['uuid']
     assert current['membership']['role'] == 'owner'
     assert 'member.invite' in current['permissions']
+    assert 'owner.transfer' not in current['permissions']
 
     invite_response = await client.post(
         f'/api/v1/workspaces/{workspace_uuid}/invitations',
@@ -263,6 +264,14 @@ async def test_owner_invites_second_account_and_secret_is_not_persisted(workspac
     assert member_current['membership']['role'] == 'viewer'
     assert 'member.invite' not in member_current['permissions']
 
+    transfer_response = await client.patch(
+        f'/api/v1/workspaces/{workspace_uuid}/members/{member_current["membership"]["account_uuid"]}',
+        headers=_auth(owner_token, workspace_uuid),
+        json={'role': 'owner'},
+    )
+    assert transfer_response.status_code == 403
+    assert (await transfer_response.get_json())['code'] == 'permission_denied'
+
     forbidden_invite = await client.post(
         f'/api/v1/workspaces/{workspace_uuid}/invitations',
         headers=_auth(member_token, workspace_uuid),

tests/integration/persistence/test_migrations.py

@@ -95,6 +95,18 @@ class TestSQLiteMigrationBaseline:
 class TestSQLiteMigrationUpgrade:
     """Tests for upgrade to head workflow."""
 
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_upgrade_from_published_space_launch_head_to_merged_head(self, sqlite_engine):
+        """A database released at the production-only 0016 head must remain upgradable."""
+        async with sqlite_engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+
+        await run_alembic_stamp(sqlite_engine, '0016_space_launch_replay')
+        await run_alembic_upgrade(sqlite_engine, 'head')
+
+        assert await get_alembic_current(sqlite_engine) == _get_script_head()
+        assert _get_script_head() == '0019_single_workspace_owner'
+
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_upgrade_from_baseline_to_head(self, sqlite_engine):
         """

tests/integration/persistence/test_single_owner_migration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.base import Base
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.user import User
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.workspace import Workspace, WorkspaceMembership
+from langbot.pkg.persistence.alembic_runner import run_alembic_stamp, run_alembic_upgrade
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_single_owner_migration_demotes_historical_extra_owner_and_installs_unique_index(tmp_path):
+    engine = create_async_engine(f'sqlite+aiosqlite:///{tmp_path / "single-owner.db"}')
+    try:
+        async with engine.begin() as connection:
+            await connection.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+            await connection.execute(sa.text('DROP INDEX uq_workspace_memberships_one_active_owner'))
+
+        session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+        workspace_uuid = '00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001'
+        creator_uuid = '00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000010'
+        promoted_uuid = '00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000020'
+        async with session_factory() as session:
+            session.add_all(
+                [
+                    User(
+                        uuid=creator_uuid,
+                        user='creator@example.test',
+                        normalized_email='creator@example.test',
+                        password='hash',
+                        account_type='local',
+                    ),
+                    User(
+                        uuid=promoted_uuid,
+                        user='promoted@example.test',
+                        normalized_email='promoted@example.test',
+                        password='hash',
+                        account_type='local',
+                    ),
+                    Workspace(
+                        uuid=workspace_uuid,
+                        instance_uuid='instance-test',
+                        name='Workspace',
+                        slug='workspace',
+                        type='team',
+                        status='active',
+                        source='local',
+                        created_by_account_uuid=creator_uuid,
+                    ),
+                    WorkspaceMembership(
+                        uuid='00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000100',
+                        workspace_uuid=workspace_uuid,
+                        account_uuid=creator_uuid,
+                        role='owner',
+                        status='active',
+                    ),
+                    WorkspaceMembership(
+                        uuid='00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000200',
+                        workspace_uuid=workspace_uuid,
+                        account_uuid=promoted_uuid,
+                        role='owner',
+                        status='active',
+                    ),
+                ]
+            )
+            await session.commit()
+
+        await run_alembic_stamp(engine, '0018_merge_launch_replay')
+        await run_alembic_upgrade(engine, 'head')
+
+        async with engine.connect() as connection:
+            roles = dict(
+                (
+                    await connection.execute(
+                        sa.text(
+                            'SELECT account_uuid, role FROM workspace_memberships '
+                            'WHERE workspace_uuid = :workspace_uuid ORDER BY account_uuid'
+                        ),
+                        {'workspace_uuid': workspace_uuid},
+                    )
+                ).all()
+            )
+            assert roles == {creator_uuid: 'owner', promoted_uuid: 'admin'}
+            indexes = await connection.run_sync(
+                lambda sync_connection: {
+                    index['name'] for index in sa.inspect(sync_connection).get_indexes('workspace_memberships')
+                }
+            )
+            assert 'uq_workspace_memberships_one_active_owner' in indexes
+
+        with pytest.raises(sa.exc.IntegrityError):
+            async with engine.begin() as connection:
+                await connection.execute(
+                    sa.text("UPDATE workspace_memberships SET role = 'owner' WHERE account_uuid = :account_uuid"),
+                    {'account_uuid': promoted_uuid},
+                )
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()

tests/unit_tests/api/http/test_authz.py

@@ -27,10 +27,9 @@ def test_owner_has_every_fixed_permission():
     assert ctx.workspace.permissions == frozenset(permission.value for permission in authz.Permission)
 
 
-def test_admin_cannot_transfer_owner_delete_workspace_or_link_billing():
+def test_admin_cannot_delete_workspace_or_link_billing():
     ctx = _context(authz.WorkspaceRole.ADMIN)
 
-    assert not authz.has_permission(ctx, authz.Permission.OWNER_TRANSFER)
     assert not authz.has_permission(ctx, authz.Permission.WORKSPACE_DELETE)
     assert not authz.has_permission(ctx, authz.Permission.BILLING_LINK_MANAGE)
     assert authz.has_permission(ctx, authz.Permission.MEMBER_INVITE)

tests/unit_tests/api/service/test_cloud_managed_model_protection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""Cloud Runtime write protection for the managed LangBot Models catalog."""
+
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from langbot.pkg.api.http.service import model as model_service_module
+from langbot.pkg.api.http.service.model import (
+    EmbeddingModelsService,
+    LLMModelsService,
+    RerankModelsService,
+    _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable,
+)
+from langbot.pkg.cloud.model_catalog import LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER
+
+
+WORKSPACE = 'workspace-a'
+PROVIDER = 'managed-provider'
+MODEL = 'managed-model'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_managed_provider_guard_is_cloud_only(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    async def managed_provider(_ap, _context, provider_uuid):
+        assert provider_uuid == PROVIDER
+        return {'uuid': PROVIDER, 'requester': LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER}
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(model_service_module, '_require_workspace_provider', managed_provider)
+    application = SimpleNamespace(persistence_mgr=SimpleNamespace(mode=SimpleNamespace(value='cloud_runtime')))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='managed by Cloud'):
+        await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(
+            application,
+            WORKSPACE,
+            PROVIDER,
+        )
+
+    application.persistence_mgr.mode.value = 'normal'
+    await _assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable(
+        application,
+        WORKSPACE,
+        PROVIDER,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('service_type', 'create_method', 'model_data'),
+    [
+        (LLMModelsService, 'create_llm_model', {'provider_uuid': PROVIDER, 'name': 'chat', 'abilities': []}),
+        (EmbeddingModelsService, 'create_embedding_model', {'provider_uuid': PROVIDER, 'name': 'embedding'}),
+        (RerankModelsService, 'create_rerank_model', {'provider_uuid': PROVIDER, 'name': 'rerank'}),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_all_model_types_reject_creation_under_managed_provider(
+    monkeypatch,
+    service_type,
+    create_method: str,
+    model_data: dict,
+) -> None:
+    guard = AsyncMock(side_effect=ValueError('LangBot Models is managed by Cloud and cannot be modified'))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(model_service_module, '_assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable', guard)
+    application = SimpleNamespace(
+        persistence_mgr=SimpleNamespace(),
+        provider_service=SimpleNamespace(
+            get_provider=AsyncMock(return_value={'uuid': PROVIDER, 'requester': LANGBOT_MODELS_PROVIDER_REQUESTER})
+        ),
+        model_mgr=None,
+    )
+    service = service_type(application)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='managed by Cloud'):
+        await getattr(service, create_method)(WORKSPACE, model_data)
+
+    guard.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('service_type', 'get_method', 'write_method', 'payload'),
+    [
+        (LLMModelsService, 'get_llm_model', 'update_llm_model', {'name': 'changed'}),
+        (LLMModelsService, 'get_llm_model', 'delete_llm_model', None),
+        (EmbeddingModelsService, 'get_embedding_model', 'update_embedding_model', {'name': 'changed'}),
+        (EmbeddingModelsService, 'get_embedding_model', 'delete_embedding_model', None),
+        (RerankModelsService, 'get_rerank_model', 'update_rerank_model', {'name': 'changed'}),
+        (RerankModelsService, 'get_rerank_model', 'delete_rerank_model', None),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_all_model_types_reject_update_and_delete_for_managed_provider(
+    monkeypatch,
+    service_type,
+    get_method: str,
+    write_method: str,
+    payload: dict | None,
+) -> None:
+    guard = AsyncMock(side_effect=ValueError('LangBot Models is managed by Cloud and cannot be modified'))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(model_service_module, '_assert_cloud_managed_provider_mutable', guard)
+    application = SimpleNamespace(persistence_mgr=SimpleNamespace(mode=SimpleNamespace(value='cloud_runtime')))
+    service = service_type(application)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        service,
+        get_method,
+        AsyncMock(return_value={'uuid': MODEL, 'provider_uuid': PROVIDER, 'extra_args': {}}),
+    )
+
+    args = (WORKSPACE, MODEL) if payload is None else (WORKSPACE, MODEL, payload)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='managed by Cloud'):
+        await getattr(service, write_method)(*args)
+
+    guard.assert_awaited_once()

tests/unit_tests/api/service/test_provider_service.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from langbot.pkg.workspace.errors import WorkspaceNotFoundError
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
 
 WORKSPACE_UUID = 'workspace-a'
+SYSTEM_REQUESTER = 'space-chat-completions'
 
 
 def _create_mock_provider(
@@ -1005,3 +1006,56 @@ class TestProviderSecretRoundtrip:
             )
 
         ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async.assert_not_awaited()
+
+
+class TestCloudManagedProviderProtection:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _service() -> ModelProviderService:
+        ap = SimpleNamespace(
+            persistence_mgr=SimpleNamespace(
+                mode=SimpleNamespace(value='cloud_runtime'),
+                execute_async=AsyncMock(),
+            ),
+            model_mgr=SimpleNamespace(),
+        )
+        return ModelProviderService(ap)
+
+    async def test_cloud_rejects_user_created_system_requester(self):
+        service = self._service()
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='reserved'):
+            await service.create_provider(
+                WORKSPACE_UUID,
+                {
+                    'name': 'Fake LangBot Models',
+                    'requester': SYSTEM_REQUESTER,
+                    'base_url': 'https://example.invalid/v1',
+                    'api_keys': ['fake'],
+                },
+            )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='reserved'):
+            await service.find_or_create_provider(
+                WORKSPACE_UUID,
+                SYSTEM_REQUESTER,
+                'https://api.langbot.cloud/v1',
+                ['fake'],
+            )
+        service.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async.assert_not_awaited()
+
+    async def test_cloud_rejects_update_and_delete_of_managed_provider(self):
+        service = self._service()
+        service.get_provider = AsyncMock(
+            return_value={'uuid': 'system-provider', 'requester': SYSTEM_REQUESTER}
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='managed by Cloud'):
+            await service.update_provider(WORKSPACE_UUID, 'system-provider', {'name': 'Renamed'})
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='managed by Cloud'):
+            await service.delete_provider(WORKSPACE_UUID, 'system-provider')
+        service.ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async.assert_not_awaited()
+
+    async def test_oss_does_not_reserve_space_requester(self):
+        ap = SimpleNamespace(persistence_mgr=SimpleNamespace(mode=SimpleNamespace(value='oss_compat')))
+        service = ModelProviderService(ap)
+        assert service._system_requester_is_reserved(SYSTEM_REQUESTER) is False

tests/unit_tests/cloud/test_bootstrap.py

@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ class _Provider:
     def __init__(self):
         self.manifest_provider = _Manifest()
 
+    async def fetch_model_catalog(self, instance_uuid: str):
+        del instance_uuid
+        raise AssertionError('not used by bootstrap contract tests')
+
     def bootstrap(self, *, instance_uuid: str, instance_config: dict):
         del instance_config
         return VerifiedCloudDeployment(
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ class _Provider:
             entitlement_provider=_Entitlements(),
             directory_provider=_Directory(),
             manifest_provider=self.manifest_provider,
+            model_catalog_provider=self,
             verification_key_id='root-2026',
         )
 
@@ -228,10 +233,23 @@ async def test_cloud_pgvector_contract_is_fail_closed(pgvector_config, message):
         )
 
 
+async def test_cloud_runtime_allows_explicitly_disabled_box():
+    config = _cloud_config()
+    config['box']['enabled'] = False
+
+    deployment = await resolve_deployment(
+        instance_uuid='instance-a',
+        instance_config=config,
+        entry_points=lambda: _EntryPoints([_EntryPoint(_Provider())]),
+        now=1_000,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(deployment, VerifiedCloudDeployment)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ('mutate', 'message'),
     [
-        (lambda config: config['box'].update(enabled=False), 'box.enabled=true'),
         (lambda config: config['box'].update(backend='docker'), 'box.backend=nsjail'),
         (lambda config: config['box']['runtime'].update(endpoint=''), 'box.runtime.endpoint'),
         (

tests/unit_tests/cloud/test_model_catalog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+import sqlalchemy
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
+
+from langbot.pkg.cloud.model_catalog import (
+    CloudModelCatalogSnapshot,
+    CloudModelCatalogSyncService,
+    system_model_uuid,
+    system_provider_uuid,
+)
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.base import Base
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.model import EmbeddingModel, LLMModel, ModelProvider
+from langbot.pkg.entity.persistence.workspace import Workspace
+from langbot.pkg.persistence.mgr import PersistenceManager, PersistenceMode
+
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+INSTANCE_UUID = 'instance-model-catalog'
+WORKSPACE_A = '00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001'
+WORKSPACE_B = '00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000002'
+OWNER_A = '10000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001'
+OWNER_B = '10000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000002'
+
+
+class _CatalogProvider:
+    def __init__(self, snapshot: CloudModelCatalogSnapshot) -> None:
+        self.snapshot = snapshot
+
+    async def fetch_model_catalog(self, instance_uuid: str) -> CloudModelCatalogSnapshot:
+        assert instance_uuid == INSTANCE_UUID
+        return self.snapshot
+
+
+def _snapshot(
+    *,
+    key_a: str | None = 'owner-a-key',
+    model_id: str = 'gpt-test',
+    include_embedding: bool = True,
+) -> CloudModelCatalogSnapshot:
+    models = [
+        {
+            'uuid': 'upstream-chat',
+            'model_id': model_id,
+            'category': 'chat',
+            'llm_abilities': ['chat', 'vision'],
+            'is_featured': True,
+            'featured_order': 7,
+        }
+    ]
+    if include_embedding:
+        models.append(
+            {
+                'uuid': 'upstream-embedding',
+                'model_id': 'embedding-test',
+                'category': 'embedding',
+            }
+        )
+    return CloudModelCatalogSnapshot.model_validate(
+        {
+            'instance_uuid': INSTANCE_UUID,
+            'generated_at': datetime.now(UTC),
+            'base_url': 'https://api.langbot.cloud/v1/',
+            'models': models,
+            'workspaces': [
+                {
+                    'workspace_uuid': WORKSPACE_A,
+                    'owner_account_uuid': OWNER_A,
+                    'api_key': key_a,
+                    'credits': 25000,
+                },
+                {
+                    'workspace_uuid': WORKSPACE_B,
+                    'owner_account_uuid': OWNER_B,
+                    'api_key': 'owner-b-key',
+                    'credits': 5000,
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+
+
+async def test_catalog_snapshot_treats_null_model_abilities_as_empty() -> None:
+    payload = _snapshot().model_dump(mode='json')
+    payload['models'][0]['llm_abilities'] = None
+
+    snapshot = CloudModelCatalogSnapshot.model_validate(payload)
+
+    assert snapshot.models[0].llm_abilities == ()
+
+
+async def test_catalog_reconciles_every_workspace_idempotently_and_tracks_owner_and_downlisting(tmp_path) -> None:
+    engine = create_async_engine(f'sqlite+aiosqlite:///{tmp_path / "model-catalog.db"}')
+    manager = PersistenceManager(object(), mode=PersistenceMode.CLOUD_RUNTIME)
+    manager.db = SimpleNamespace(get_engine=lambda: engine)
+    bindings = [
+        SimpleNamespace(instance_uuid=INSTANCE_UUID, workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A, placement_generation=1),
+        SimpleNamespace(instance_uuid=INSTANCE_UUID, workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_B, placement_generation=1),
+    ]
+    workspace_service = SimpleNamespace(list_active_execution_bindings=lambda: _async_value(bindings))
+    reload_counter = _AsyncCounter()
+    runtime_reload = SimpleNamespace(load_models_from_db=reload_counter)
+    app = SimpleNamespace(
+        persistence_mgr=manager,
+        workspace_service=workspace_service,
+        model_mgr=runtime_reload,
+        logger=logging.getLogger(__name__),
+    )
+    provider = _CatalogProvider(_snapshot())
+    service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(app, provider, INSTANCE_UUID)
+
+    try:
+        async with engine.begin() as connection:
+            await connection.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+            await connection.execute(
+                sqlalchemy.insert(Workspace),
+                [
+                    {
+                        'uuid': WORKSPACE_A,
+                        'instance_uuid': INSTANCE_UUID,
+                        'name': 'A',
+                        'slug': 'a',
+                        'source': 'cloud_projection',
+                    },
+                    {
+                        'uuid': WORKSPACE_B,
+                        'instance_uuid': INSTANCE_UUID,
+                        'name': 'B',
+                        'slug': 'b',
+                        'source': 'cloud_projection',
+                    },
+                ],
+            )
+            await connection.execute(
+                sqlalchemy.insert(ModelProvider).values(
+                    uuid='custom-provider',
+                    workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A,
+                    name='Custom',
+                    requester='openai-chat-completions',
+                    base_url='https://custom.example/v1',
+                    api_keys=['custom-key'],
+                )
+            )
+            await connection.execute(
+                sqlalchemy.insert(LLMModel).values(
+                    uuid='custom-model',
+                    workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A,
+                    name='custom-model',
+                    provider_uuid='custom-provider',
+                    abilities=['chat'],
+                    extra_args={},
+                    prefered_ranking=0,
+                )
+            )
+
+        first = await service.sync_once()
+        assert first == {'workspaces': 2, 'created': 6, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        assert reload_counter.calls == 1
+        assert service.get_workspace_credits(WORKSPACE_A) == 25000
+        assert service.get_workspace_credits(WORKSPACE_B) == 5000
+
+        async with engine.connect() as connection:
+            providers = (
+                await connection.execute(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(
+                        ModelProvider.uuid,
+                        ModelProvider.workspace_uuid,
+                        ModelProvider.api_keys,
+                    ).where(ModelProvider.requester == 'space-chat-completions')
+                )
+            ).all()
+            assert {item.workspace_uuid for item in providers} == {WORKSPACE_A, WORKSPACE_B}
+            assert {item.uuid for item in providers} == {
+                system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A),
+                system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_B),
+            }
+            assert {item.workspace_uuid: item.api_keys for item in providers} == {
+                WORKSPACE_A: ['owner-a-key'],
+                WORKSPACE_B: ['owner-b-key'],
+            }
+            assert await connection.scalar(sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.func.count()).select_from(LLMModel)) == 3
+            assert await connection.scalar(sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.func.count()).select_from(EmbeddingModel)) == 2
+
+        second = await service.sync_once()
+        assert second == {'workspaces': 2, 'created': 0, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        assert reload_counter.calls == 1
+
+        provider.snapshot = _snapshot(
+            key_a='new-owner-key',
+            model_id='gpt-renamed',
+            include_embedding=False,
+        )
+        third = await service.sync_once()
+        assert third == {'workspaces': 2, 'created': 0, 'updated': 3, 'deleted': 2}
+        assert reload_counter.calls == 2
+
+        async with engine.connect() as connection:
+            provider_a_keys = await connection.scalar(
+                sqlalchemy.select(ModelProvider.api_keys).where(ModelProvider.uuid == system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A))
+            )
+            assert provider_a_keys == ['new-owner-key']
+            system_model_names = (
+                (
+                    await connection.execute(
+                        sqlalchemy.select(LLMModel.name).where(
+                            LLMModel.provider_uuid.in_(
+                                [system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A), system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_B)]
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+                .scalars()
+                .all()
+            )
+            assert set(system_model_names) == {'gpt-renamed'}
+            assert await connection.scalar(sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.func.count()).select_from(EmbeddingModel)) == 0
+            assert (
+                await connection.scalar(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.func.count())
+                    .select_from(ModelProvider)
+                    .where(ModelProvider.uuid == 'custom-provider')
+                )
+                == 1
+            )
+            assert (
+                await connection.scalar(
+                    sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.func.count())
+                    .select_from(LLMModel)
+                    .where(LLMModel.uuid == 'custom-model')
+                )
+                == 1
+            )
+
+        provider.snapshot = _snapshot(key_a=None, model_id='gpt-renamed', include_embedding=False)
+        fourth = await service.sync_once()
+        assert fourth == {'workspaces': 2, 'created': 0, 'updated': 1, 'deleted': 0}
+        assert reload_counter.calls == 3
+        async with engine.connect() as connection:
+            provider_a_keys = await connection.scalar(
+                sqlalchemy.select(ModelProvider.api_keys).where(ModelProvider.uuid == system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A))
+            )
+            assert provider_a_keys == []
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+def test_workspace_scoped_ids_are_stable_and_secrets_are_redacted() -> None:
+    assert system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A) == system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A)
+    assert system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_A) != system_provider_uuid(WORKSPACE_B)
+    assert system_model_uuid(WORKSPACE_A, 'chat', 'upstream') != system_model_uuid(WORKSPACE_B, 'chat', 'upstream')
+    snapshot = _snapshot()
+    assert 'owner-a-key' not in repr(snapshot)
+
+
+async def test_snapshot_must_cover_every_active_workspace() -> None:
+    snapshot = _snapshot().model_copy(update={'workspaces': _snapshot().workspaces[:1]})
+    app = SimpleNamespace(
+        workspace_service=SimpleNamespace(
+            list_active_execution_bindings=lambda: _async_value(
+                [SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A), SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_B)]
+            )
+        ),
+        logger=logging.getLogger(__name__),
+    )
+    service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(app, _CatalogProvider(snapshot), INSTANCE_UUID)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='missing billing projections for 1 active Workspaces'):
+        await service.sync_once()
+
+
+async def _async_value(value):
+    return value
+
+
+class _AsyncCounter:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.calls = 0
+
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        self.calls += 1
+
+
+async def test_partial_workspace_failure_reloads_already_committed_changes() -> None:
+    bindings = [
+        SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A),
+        SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_B),
+    ]
+    reload_counter = _AsyncCounter()
+    app = SimpleNamespace(
+        workspace_service=SimpleNamespace(list_active_execution_bindings=lambda: _async_value(bindings)),
+        model_mgr=SimpleNamespace(load_models_from_db=reload_counter),
+        logger=logging.getLogger(__name__),
+    )
+    service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(app, _CatalogProvider(_snapshot()), INSTANCE_UUID)
+    calls = 0
+
+    async def sync_workspace(*_args):
+        nonlocal calls
+        calls += 1
+        if calls == 1:
+            return {'created': 1, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        raise RuntimeError('second Workspace failed')
+
+    service._sync_workspace = sync_workspace  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match='second Workspace failed'):
+        await service.sync_once()
+    assert service.get_workspace_credits(WORKSPACE_A) == 25000
+    assert service.get_workspace_credits(WORKSPACE_B) is None
+    assert reload_counter.calls == 1
+
+
+async def test_failed_runtime_reload_is_retried_after_noop_sync() -> None:
+    bindings = [SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid=WORKSPACE_A)]
+
+    class _FlakyReload:
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self.calls = 0
+
+        async def __call__(self) -> None:
+            self.calls += 1
+            if self.calls == 1:
+                raise RuntimeError('reload failed')
+
+    runtime_reload = _FlakyReload()
+    app = SimpleNamespace(
+        workspace_service=SimpleNamespace(list_active_execution_bindings=lambda: _async_value(bindings)),
+        model_mgr=SimpleNamespace(load_models_from_db=runtime_reload),
+        logger=logging.getLogger(__name__),
+    )
+    service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(app, _CatalogProvider(_snapshot()), INSTANCE_UUID)
+    calls = 0
+
+    async def sync_workspace(*_args):
+        nonlocal calls
+        calls += 1
+        if calls == 1:
+            return {'created': 1, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+        return {'created': 0, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+
+    service._sync_workspace = sync_workspace  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match='reload failed'):
+        await service.sync_once()
+    summary = await service.sync_once()
+    assert summary == {'workspaces': 1, 'created': 0, 'updated': 0, 'deleted': 0}
+    assert runtime_reload.calls == 2
+
+
+async def test_background_sync_log_redacts_exception_message(caplog) -> None:
+    secret = 'owner-secret-api-key'
+    attempted = asyncio.Event()
+
+    class _FailingProvider:
+        async def fetch_model_catalog(self, instance_uuid: str) -> CloudModelCatalogSnapshot:
+            del instance_uuid
+            attempted.set()
+            raise RuntimeError(f'database parameters include {secret}')
+
+    app = SimpleNamespace(logger=logging.getLogger(__name__))
+    service = CloudModelCatalogSyncService(app, _FailingProvider(), INSTANCE_UUID)
+    service.sync_interval_seconds = 0.001
+    task = asyncio.create_task(service.run())
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait_for(attempted.wait(), timeout=1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+    finally:
+        task.cancel()
+        with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await task
+
+    assert secret not in caplog.text
+    assert 'Cloud model catalog synchronization failed (RuntimeError)' in caplog.text

tests/unit_tests/persistence/test_tenant_uow.py

@@ -961,6 +961,7 @@ async def test_scoped_session_rejects_raw_or_unapproved_sql(
         sa.select(sa.func.coalesce(sa.func.sum(sa.literal(1)), sa.literal(0))),
         sa.select(
             sa.func.now(),
+            sa.func.date_trunc('hour', sa.column('timestamp')),
             sa.func.length(sa.literal('value')),
             sa.func.nullif(sa.literal('value'), sa.literal('')),
         ),

tests/unit_tests/pipeline/test_controller_tenancy.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
 from langbot.pkg.persistence.mgr import PersistenceManager, PersistenceMode
 from langbot.pkg.persistence.tenant_uow import PersistenceScopeKind
 from langbot.pkg.pipeline.controller import Controller
+from langbot.pkg.pipeline.pool import QueryPool
 from langbot.pkg.workspace.errors import WorkspaceGenerationMismatchError
 
 
@@ -143,3 +144,31 @@ async def test_controller_revalidates_generation_before_running_pipeline(
     runtime_pipeline.run.assert_awaited_once_with(sample_query)
     query_pool.remove_query.assert_awaited_once_with(sample_query)
     session._semaphore.release.assert_called_once_with()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_controller_schedules_query_without_removing_it_twice(mock_app, sample_query):
+    query_pool = QueryPool()
+    query_pool.queries.append(sample_query)
+    mock_app.query_pool = query_pool
+    mock_app.sess_mgr.get_session = AsyncMock(return_value=SimpleNamespace(_semaphore=asyncio.Semaphore(1)))
+
+    scheduler_errors: list[str] = []
+
+    def stop_on_scheduler_error(message):
+        scheduler_errors.append(str(message))
+        raise asyncio.CancelledError
+
+    def stop_after_scheduling(process_coro, **_kwargs):
+        process_coro.close()
+        raise asyncio.CancelledError
+
+    mock_app.logger.error.side_effect = stop_on_scheduler_error
+    mock_app.task_mgr.create_task.side_effect = stop_after_scheduling
+    controller = Controller(mock_app)
+
+    with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+        await controller.consumer()
+
+    assert scheduler_errors == []
+    assert query_pool.queries == []

tests/unit_tests/platform/test_websocket_session_isolation.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Regression tests for isolated embed-widget conversations."""
 
 import asyncio
+import contextvars
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock
 
@@ -204,6 +205,48 @@ async def test_embed_event_uses_stable_session_launcher(monkeypatch):
     assert received[0].sender.id == f'websocket_pipeline-1:{session_id}'
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_pipeline_override_survives_detached_listener_task(monkeypatch):
+    manager = WebSocketConnectionManager()
+    connection = await manager.add_connection(
+        websocket=Mock(),
+        scope=SCOPE_A,
+        pipeline_uuid='pipeline-1',
+        session_type='person',
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(websocket_adapter_module, 'ws_connection_manager', manager)
+
+    class DetachedTaskManager:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.tasks = []
+
+        def create_task(self, coro, **_kwargs):
+            task = asyncio.create_task(coro, context=contextvars.Context())
+            self.tasks.append(task)
+            return Mock(task=task)
+
+    task_manager = DetachedTaskManager()
+    adapter = WebSocketAdapter.model_construct(
+        ap=Mock(task_mgr=task_manager),
+        logger=_adapter_logger(),
+    )
+    adapter.websocket_person_session = WebSocketSession(id='person')
+    adapter.websocket_group_session = WebSocketSession(id='group')
+    pipeline_overrides = []
+
+    async def listener(_event, callback_adapter):
+        pipeline_overrides.append(callback_adapter.get_pipeline_uuid_override())
+
+    adapter.listeners = {platform_events.FriendMessage: listener}
+    await adapter.handle_websocket_message(
+        connection,
+        {'message': [{'type': 'Plain', 'text': 'hello'}], 'stream': False},
+    )
+    await asyncio.gather(*task_manager.tasks)
+
+    assert pipeline_overrides == ['pipeline-1']
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_embed_group_event_uses_stable_session_launcher(monkeypatch):
     manager = WebSocketConnectionManager()

tests/unit_tests/telemetry/test_heartbeat.py

@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ class TestBuildHeartbeatPayload:
         }
         ap.workspace_service.list_active_execution_bindings = AsyncMock(
             return_value=[
-                SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid='workspace-a'),
-                SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid='workspace-b'),
+                SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid='workspace-a', placement_generation=7),
+                SimpleNamespace(workspace_uuid='workspace-b', placement_generation=9),
             ],
         )
         ap.platform_mgr._bots_by_key[('instance-a', 'workspace-b', 'bot-b')] = SimpleNamespace(
@@ -159,10 +159,12 @@ class TestBuildHeartbeatPayload:
         assert by_workspace['workspace-a']['plugin_count'] == 2
         assert by_workspace['workspace-a']['extension_count'] == 5
         assert by_workspace['workspace-a']['skill_count'] == 2
+        assert by_workspace['workspace-a']['execution_generation'] == 7
         assert by_workspace['workspace-a']['adapters'] == ['WorkspaceAAdapter']
         assert by_workspace['workspace-b']['bot_count'] == 1
         assert by_workspace['workspace-b']['pipeline_count'] == 0
         assert by_workspace['workspace-b']['skill_count'] == 1
+        assert by_workspace['workspace-b']['execution_generation'] == 9
         assert by_workspace['workspace-b']['adapters'] == ['WorkspaceBAdapter']
         assert 'workspace_resources' not in by_workspace['workspace-a']
         ap.persistence_mgr.execute_async.assert_not_awaited()

tests/unit_tests/workspace/test_workspace_collaboration.py

@@ -203,20 +203,21 @@ async def test_last_owner_cannot_be_demoted(collaboration_context):
             second_membership,
         )
 
-    promoted = await service.update_member_role(
-        workspace.uuid,
-        second.uuid,
-        'owner',
-        owner_membership,
-    )
-    assert promoted.role == 'owner'
-    demoted = await service.update_member_role(
-        workspace.uuid,
-        owner_membership.account_uuid,
-        'admin',
-        owner_membership,
-    )
-    assert demoted.role == 'admin'
+    with pytest.raises(MembershipPermissionError, match='cannot be transferred'):
+        await service.update_member_role(
+            workspace.uuid,
+            second.uuid,
+            'owner',
+            owner_membership,
+        )
+
+    with pytest.raises(LastOwnerError):
+        await service.update_member_role(
+            workspace.uuid,
+            owner_membership.account_uuid,
+            'admin',
+            owner_membership,
+        )
 
 
 async def test_workspace_selector_requires_membership(collaboration_context):

uv.lock

@@ -1999,7 +1999,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langbot"
-version = "4.10.6"
+version = "4.10.7"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiocqhttp" },
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "ebooklib", specifier = ">=0.18" },
     { name = "gewechat-client", specifier = ">=0.1.5" },
     { name = "html2text", specifier = ">=2024.2.26" },
-    { name = "langbot-plugin", git = "https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git?rev=1d65ed301a6afc52150a998043f73cd6032c8162" },
+    { name = "langbot-plugin", git = "https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git?rev=101e453e916b39465a6294d6471c9eaae8725d5c" },
     { name = "langchain", specifier = ">=1.3.9" },
     { name = "langchain-core", specifier = ">=1.3.3" },
     { name = "langchain-text-splitters", specifier = ">=1.1.2" },
@@ -2182,8 +2182,8 @@ dev = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "langbot-plugin"
-version = "0.4.18"
-source = { git = "https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git?rev=1d65ed301a6afc52150a998043f73cd6032c8162#1d65ed301a6afc52150a998043f73cd6032c8162" }
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = { git = "https://github.com/langbot-app/langbot-plugin-sdk.git?rev=101e453e916b39465a6294d6471c9eaae8725d5c#101e453e916b39465a6294d6471c9eaae8725d5c" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiofiles" },
     { name = "aiohttp" },

web/src/app/auth/space/callback/page.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   beginAuthenticatedSession,
   beginSupportAdminSession,
   bootstrapWorkspaceSession,
+  clearPendingInvitationToken,
   getPendingInvitationToken,
 } from '@/app/infra/http';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
@@ -66,6 +67,10 @@ function SpaceOAuthCallbackContent() {
   const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const isMountedRef = useRef(true);
+  const directLaunchFragmentRef = useRef<{
+    workspaceUuid: string | null;
+    launchAssertion: string | null;
+  } | null>(null);
 
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<
     'loading' | 'confirm' | 'success' | 'error'
@@ -108,8 +113,31 @@ function SpaceOAuthCallbackContent() {
         }
 
         beginAuthenticatedSession(response.token, response.user);
-        if (getPendingInvitationToken()) {
-          navigate('/invitations/accept', { replace: true });
+        const invitationToken = getPendingInvitationToken();
+        if (invitationToken) {
+          let invitation;
+          try {
+            invitation =
+              await httpClient.acceptWorkspaceInvitation(invitationToken);
+          } catch (error) {
+            const code = (error as { code?: string }).code;
+            const path = code
+              ? `/invitations/accept?error=${encodeURIComponent(code)}`
+              : '/invitations/accept';
+            navigate(path, { replace: true });
+            return;
+          }
+
+          beginAuthenticatedSession(invitation.token, response.user);
+          clearPendingInvitationToken();
+          const workspaceResult = await bootstrapWorkspaceSession({
+            preferredWorkspaceUuid: invitation.workspace_uuid,
+          });
+          if (workspaceResult.status === 'unavailable') {
+            navigate('/workspace-unavailable', { replace: true });
+            return;
+          }
+          navigate('/home', { replace: true });
           return;
         }
         const workspaceResult = await bootstrapWorkspaceSession({
@@ -220,8 +248,28 @@ function SpaceOAuthCallbackContent() {
     const errorDescription = searchParams.get('error_description');
     const mode = searchParams.get('mode');
     const state = searchParams.get('state');
-    const workspaceUuid = searchParams.get('workspace_uuid');
-    const launchAssertion = searchParams.get('launch_assertion');
+    if (directLaunchFragmentRef.current === null) {
+      const fragmentParams = new URLSearchParams(
+        window.location.hash.startsWith('#')
+          ? window.location.hash.slice(1)
+          : window.location.hash,
+      );
+      directLaunchFragmentRef.current = {
+        workspaceUuid: fragmentParams.get('workspace_uuid'),
+        launchAssertion: fragmentParams.get('launch_assertion'),
+      };
+      if (window.location.hash) {
+        window.history.replaceState(
+          null,
+          '',
+          `${window.location.pathname}${window.location.search}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    const workspaceUuid =
+      directLaunchFragmentRef.current.workspaceUuid ??
+      searchParams.get('workspace_uuid');
+    const launchAssertion = directLaunchFragmentRef.current.launchAssertion;
 
     if (error) {
       setStatus('error');

web/src/app/home/add-extension/page.tsx

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ import type {
 } from '@/app/home/mcp/components/mcp-form/MCPForm';
 import SkillZipPreviewPanel from '@/app/home/skills/components/SkillZipPreviewPanel';
 import PluginLocalPreviewPanel from '@/app/home/plugins/components/PluginLocalPreviewPanel';
+import { useWorkspaceQuotaStatus } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus';
+import { WorkspaceQuotaTooltip } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip';
 
 type PopoverView = 'menu' | 'mcp' | 'github';
 
@@ -154,6 +156,12 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams();
   const { refreshPlugins, refreshMCPServers, refreshSkills } = useSidebarData();
+  const { extensions: extensionQuota, extensionsReached } =
+    useWorkspaceQuotaStatus();
+  const extensionQuotaTooltip = t('limitation.createDisabledTooltip', {
+    resource: t('sidebar.extensions'),
+    max: extensionQuota.max,
+  });
 
   // Localized label for an extension type, used in the install dialog.
   const extensionTypeLabel = (type: string) =>
@@ -344,23 +352,28 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
     t,
   ]);
 
-  const handleInstallPlugin = useCallback(async (plugin: PluginV4) => {
-    setInstallInfo({
-      plugin_author: plugin.author,
-      plugin_name: plugin.name,
-      plugin_version: plugin.latest_version,
-      plugin_label: extractI18nObject(plugin.label) || plugin.name,
-      plugin_description: extractI18nObject(plugin.description) || '',
-      plugin_icon: plugin.icon || '',
-    });
-    setInstallExtensionType(plugin.type || 'plugin');
-    setPluginInstallStatus(PluginInstallStatus.ASK_CONFIRM);
-    setInstallError(null);
-    setInstallIconFailed(false);
-    setModalOpen(true);
-  }, []);
+  const handleInstallPlugin = useCallback(
+    async (plugin: PluginV4) => {
+      if (extensionsReached) return;
+      setInstallInfo({
+        plugin_author: plugin.author,
+        plugin_name: plugin.name,
+        plugin_version: plugin.latest_version,
+        plugin_label: extractI18nObject(plugin.label) || plugin.name,
+        plugin_description: extractI18nObject(plugin.description) || '',
+        plugin_icon: plugin.icon || '',
+      });
+      setInstallExtensionType(plugin.type || 'plugin');
+      setPluginInstallStatus(PluginInstallStatus.ASK_CONFIRM);
+      setInstallError(null);
+      setInstallIconFailed(false);
+      setModalOpen(true);
+    },
+    [extensionsReached],
+  );
 
   function handleModalConfirm() {
+    if (extensionsReached) return;
     setPluginInstallStatus(PluginInstallStatus.INSTALLING);
     const pluginDisplayName = `${installInfo.plugin_author}/${installInfo.plugin_name}`;
     httpClient
@@ -402,6 +415,7 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
 
   const uploadFile = useCallback(
     async (file: File) => {
+      if (extensionsReached) return;
       if (!validateFileType(file)) {
         toast.error(t('addExtension.unsupportedFileType'));
         return;
@@ -421,14 +435,15 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
         setSkillUploadPreviewOpen(true);
       }
     },
-    [t, setSelectedTaskId],
+    [extensionsReached, t, setSelectedTaskId],
   );
 
   const handleFileSelect = useCallback(() => {
+    if (extensionsReached) return;
     if (fileInputRef.current) {
       fileInputRef.current.click();
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [extensionsReached]);
 
   const handleFileChange = useCallback(
     (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
@@ -455,12 +470,13 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
     (event: React.DragEvent) => {
       event.preventDefault();
       setIsDragOver(false);
+      if (extensionsReached) return;
       const files = Array.from(event.dataTransfer.files);
       if (files.length > 0) {
         uploadFile(files[0]);
       }
     },
-    [uploadFile],
+    [extensionsReached, uploadFile],
   );
 
   function handleMCPCreated(_serverName: string) {
@@ -490,7 +506,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
         return false;
       }
     } catch {
-      // If we can't check, let backend handle it
+      toast.error(t('limitation.quotaCheckFailed'));
+      return false;
     }
     return true;
   }
@@ -630,9 +647,11 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
 
   async function handleGithubConfirm() {
     if (!selectedAsset || !selectedRelease) return;
-    if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) return;
-
     setGithubInstallStatus(GithubInstallStatus.INSTALLING);
+    if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) {
+      setGithubInstallStatus(GithubInstallStatus.ASK_CONFIRM);
+      return;
+    }
     const pluginDisplayName = `${githubOwner}/${githubRepo}`;
     httpClient
       .installPluginFromGithub(
@@ -664,9 +683,11 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
 
   async function handleGithubSkillConfirm() {
     if (!githubSkillInfo) return;
-    if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) return;
-
     setGithubInstallStatus(GithubInstallStatus.SKILL_INSTALLING);
+    if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) {
+      setGithubInstallStatus(GithubInstallStatus.SKILL_PREVIEW);
+      return;
+    }
     try {
       await httpClient.installSkillFromGithub(
         githubURL.trim(),
@@ -726,17 +747,24 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
           setPopoverOpen(open);
         }}
       >
-        <PopoverTrigger asChild>
-          <Button
-            variant="default"
-            className="px-3 sm:px-4 py-2 cursor-pointer flex-shrink-0"
-          >
-            <PlusIcon className="w-4 h-4" />
-            <span className="whitespace-nowrap">
-              {t('addExtension.manualAdd')}
-            </span>
-          </Button>
-        </PopoverTrigger>
+        <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip
+          quota={extensionQuota}
+          resource={t('sidebar.extensions')}
+        >
+          <PopoverTrigger asChild>
+            <Button
+              variant="default"
+              disabled={extensionsReached}
+              aria-disabled={extensionsReached}
+              className="px-3 sm:px-4 py-2 cursor-pointer flex-shrink-0 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:bg-muted disabled:text-muted-foreground disabled:opacity-100"
+            >
+              <PlusIcon className="w-4 h-4" />
+              <span className="whitespace-nowrap">
+                {t('addExtension.manualAdd')}
+              </span>
+            </Button>
+          </PopoverTrigger>
+        </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
         <PopoverContent
           forceMount
           className={`${getPopoverWidth()} max-h-[min(720px,80vh)] overflow-hidden p-0`}
@@ -745,9 +773,19 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
           {/* ===== Menu View ===== */}
           {popoverView === 'menu' && (
             <div className="space-y-4 p-4">
+              {extensionsReached && (
+                <div className="rounded-md border border-amber-500/30 bg-amber-500/10 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-amber-800 dark:text-amber-200">
+                  {extensionQuotaTooltip}
+                </div>
+              )}
               {/* File upload area */}
               <div
-                className={`border-2 border-dashed rounded-lg p-6 text-center cursor-pointer transition-colors ${
+                aria-disabled={extensionsReached}
+                className={`border-2 border-dashed rounded-lg p-6 text-center transition-colors ${
+                  extensionsReached
+                    ? 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'
+                    : 'cursor-pointer'
+                } ${
                   isDragOver
                     ? 'border-primary bg-primary/5'
                     : 'border-muted-foreground/25 hover:border-primary/50'
@@ -777,7 +815,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
               <div className="space-y-2">
                 <button
                   type="button"
-                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50"
+                  disabled={extensionsReached}
+                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
                   onClick={() => setPopoverView('mcp')}
                 >
                   <span className="flex size-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-background text-muted-foreground transition-colors group-hover:text-foreground">
@@ -796,7 +835,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
 
                 <button
                   type="button"
-                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50"
+                  disabled={extensionsReached}
+                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
                   onClick={() => setPopoverView('github')}
                 >
                   <span className="flex size-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-background text-muted-foreground transition-colors group-hover:text-foreground">
@@ -815,7 +855,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
 
                 <button
                   type="button"
-                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50"
+                  disabled={extensionsReached}
+                  className="group flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-md bg-muted/30 p-3 text-left transition-colors outline-none hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
                   onClick={async () => {
                     if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) return;
                     setPopoverOpen(false);
@@ -882,6 +923,7 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
                   type="submit"
                   form="mcp-form"
                   size="sm"
+                  disabled={extensionsReached}
                   onClick={async (e) => {
                     if (!(await checkExtensionsLimit())) {
                       e.preventDefault();
@@ -946,6 +988,7 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
                       className="w-full"
                       onClick={handleGithubAddressSubmit}
                       disabled={
+                        extensionsReached ||
                         !githubURL.trim() ||
                         fetchingReleases ||
                         fetchingSkillPreview
@@ -1102,7 +1145,11 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
                         </div>
                       </div>
                     )}
-                    <Button className="w-full" onClick={handleGithubConfirm}>
+                    <Button
+                      className="w-full"
+                      onClick={handleGithubConfirm}
+                      disabled={extensionsReached}
+                    >
                       {t('common.confirm')}
                     </Button>
                   </div>
@@ -1184,6 +1231,7 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
                     <Button
                       className="w-full"
                       onClick={handleGithubSkillConfirm}
+                      disabled={extensionsReached}
                     >
                       {t('common.confirm')}
                     </Button>
@@ -1240,6 +1288,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
           <MarketPage
             installPlugin={handleInstallPlugin}
             headerActions={extensionActions}
+            installDisabled={extensionsReached}
+            installDisabledTooltip={extensionQuotaTooltip}
           />
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -1325,9 +1375,17 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
                 <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setModalOpen(false)}>
                   {t('common.cancel')}
                 </Button>
-                <Button onClick={handleModalConfirm}>
-                  {t('common.confirm')}
-                </Button>
+                <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip
+                  quota={extensionQuota}
+                  resource={t('sidebar.extensions')}
+                >
+                  <Button
+                    onClick={handleModalConfirm}
+                    disabled={extensionsReached}
+                  >
+                    {t('common.confirm')}
+                  </Button>
+                </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
               </>
             )}
             {pluginInstallStatus === PluginInstallStatus.ERROR && (
@@ -1359,6 +1417,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
           {pluginUploadPreviewFile && (
             <PluginLocalPreviewPanel
               file={pluginUploadPreviewFile}
+              quota={extensionQuota}
+              quotaResource={t('sidebar.extensions')}
               onCancel={() => {
                 setPluginUploadPreviewOpen(false);
                 setPluginUploadPreviewFile(null);
@@ -1392,6 +1452,8 @@ function AddExtensionContent() {
           {skillUploadPreviewFile && (
             <SkillZipPreviewPanel
               file={skillUploadPreviewFile}
+              quota={extensionQuota}
+              quotaResource={t('sidebar.extensions')}
               onCancel={() => {
                 setSkillUploadPreviewOpen(false);
                 setSkillUploadPreviewFile(null);

web/src/app/home/bots/components/bot-form/BotForm.tsx

@@ -396,10 +396,9 @@ export default function BotForm({
       <form
         id="bot-form"
         onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onDynamicFormSubmit)}
-        className="space-y-6"
         aria-busy={isLoading}
       >
-        <fieldset className="contents" disabled={isLoading}>
+        <fieldset className="space-y-6" disabled={isLoading}>
           {/* Card 1: Basic Information */}
           <Card>
             <CardHeader>

web/src/app/home/components/home-sidebar/HomeSidebar.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   clearUserInfo,
   getCloudServiceClientSync,
   useCurrentWorkspace,
+  useWorkspaceBootstrap,
 } from '@/app/infra/http';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import {
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ import {
   Zap,
   FilePlus2,
   Sparkles,
-  HardDrive,
   Server,
   Puzzle,
   RefreshCcw,
@@ -109,6 +109,11 @@ import {
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { useSidebarData, SidebarEntityItem } from './SidebarDataContext';
 import { FeedbackPopoverContent } from './FeedbackPopover';
+import {
+  type WorkspaceQuotaItem,
+  useWorkspaceQuotaStatus,
+} from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus';
+import { WorkspaceQuotaTooltip } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip';
 
 // Compare two version strings, returns true if v1 > v2
 function compareVersions(v1: string, v2: string): boolean {
@@ -279,6 +284,14 @@ function sleep(ms: number) {
   return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 }
 
+const UNLIMITED_QUOTA: WorkspaceQuotaItem = {
+  count: 0,
+  max: -1,
+  reached: false,
+  loading: false,
+  disabled: false,
+};
+
 async function waitForMCPRefreshTask(taskId: number) {
   const deadline = Date.now() + MCP_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS;
 
@@ -386,6 +399,7 @@ function NavItems({
   const pathname = location.pathname;
   const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
   const sidebarData = useSidebarData();
+  const quotaStatus = useWorkspaceQuotaStatus();
   const { state: sidebarState, isMobile } = useSidebar();
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const currentWorkspace = useCurrentWorkspace();
@@ -529,7 +543,7 @@ function NavItems({
           if (config.id === 'add-extension' && !canManageResources) {
             return null;
           }
-          // Non-entity entries (e.g. monitoring, market, mcp) render as plain links
+          // Non-entity entries (e.g. monitoring and the extension market) render as plain links.
           return (
             <SidebarMenuItem key={config.id}>
               <SidebarMenuButton
@@ -575,6 +589,18 @@ function NavItems({
         const isSkill = categoryId === 'skills';
         const isBot = categoryId === 'bots';
         const isMCP = categoryId === 'mcp';
+        const quota =
+          categoryId === 'bots'
+            ? quotaStatus.bots
+            : categoryId === 'pipelines'
+              ? quotaStatus.pipelines
+              : categoryId === 'knowledge'
+                ? quotaStatus.knowledgeBases
+                : categoryId === 'plugins' ||
+                    categoryId === 'mcp' ||
+                    categoryId === 'skills'
+                  ? quotaStatus.extensions
+                  : UNLIMITED_QUOTA;
 
         const resolveItemRoute = (item: SidebarEntityItem): string => {
           if (item.extensionType === 'mcp') {
@@ -907,128 +933,144 @@ function NavItems({
                 >
                   <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-1 px-2">
                     <span className="text-sm font-medium">{config.name}</span>
-                    {canCreate &&
-                      (isPlugin ? (
-                        <DropdownMenu>
-                          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-                            <button
-                              type="button"
-                              className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors"
-                            >
-                              <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                            </button>
-                          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
-                          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
-                            {systemInfo.enable_marketplace && (
+                    {canCreate && (
+                      <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip
+                        quota={quota}
+                        resource={config.name}
+                        side="right"
+                      >
+                        {isPlugin ? (
+                          <DropdownMenu>
+                            <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                              <button
+                                type="button"
+                                disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                                className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                              >
+                                <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                              </button>
+                            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                            <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
+                              {systemInfo.enable_marketplace && (
+                                <DropdownMenuItem
+                                  onClick={(e) => {
+                                    e.stopPropagation();
+                                    navigate('/home/add-extension');
+                                    setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                      ...prev,
+                                      [config.id]: false,
+                                    }));
+                                  }}
+                                >
+                                  <Store className="size-4" />
+                                  {t('plugins.goToMarketplace')}
+                                </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              )}
                               <DropdownMenuItem
                                 onClick={(e) => {
                                   e.stopPropagation();
-                                  navigate('/home/add-extension');
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
                                   setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
                                     ...prev,
                                     [config.id]: false,
                                   }));
                                 }}
                               >
-                                <Store className="size-4" />
-                                {t('plugins.goToMarketplace')}
+                                <Upload className="size-4" />
+                                {t('plugins.uploadLocal')}
                               </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            )}
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                                setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                                  ...prev,
-                                  [config.id]: false,
-                                }));
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Upload className="size-4" />
-                              {t('plugins.uploadLocal')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                                setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                                  ...prev,
-                                  [config.id]: false,
-                                }));
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Github className="size-4" />
-                              {t('plugins.installFromGithub')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                          </DropdownMenuContent>
-                        </DropdownMenu>
-                      ) : isSkill ? (
-                        <DropdownMenu>
-                          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-                            <button
-                              type="button"
-                              className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors"
-                            >
-                              <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                            </button>
-                          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
-                          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/skills?action=create');
-                                setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                                  ...prev,
-                                  [config.id]: false,
-                                }));
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <FilePlus2 className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.createManually')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                                setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                                  ...prev,
-                                  [config.id]: false,
-                                }));
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Upload className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.uploadZip')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                                setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                                  ...prev,
-                                  [config.id]: false,
-                                }));
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Github className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.importFromGithub')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                          </DropdownMenuContent>
-                        </DropdownMenu>
-                      ) : (
-                        <button
-                          type="button"
-                          className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors"
-                          onClick={() => {
-                            navigate(`${routePrefix}?id=new`);
-                            setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
-                              ...prev,
-                              [config.id]: false,
-                            }));
-                          }}
-                        >
-                          <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                        </button>
-                      ))}
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                  setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                    ...prev,
+                                    [config.id]: false,
+                                  }));
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Github className="size-4" />
+                                {t('plugins.installFromGithub')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                            </DropdownMenuContent>
+                          </DropdownMenu>
+                        ) : isSkill ? (
+                          <DropdownMenu>
+                            <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                              <button
+                                type="button"
+                                disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                                className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                              >
+                                <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                              </button>
+                            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                            <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/skills?action=create');
+                                  setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                    ...prev,
+                                    [config.id]: false,
+                                  }));
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <FilePlus2 className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.createManually')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                  setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                    ...prev,
+                                    [config.id]: false,
+                                  }));
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Upload className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.uploadZip')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                  setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                    ...prev,
+                                    [config.id]: false,
+                                  }));
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Github className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.importFromGithub')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                            </DropdownMenuContent>
+                          </DropdownMenu>
+                        ) : (
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            disabled={quota.disabled}
+                            aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                            aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                            className="p-1 rounded-sm text-muted-foreground hover:bg-accent hover:text-accent-foreground transition-colors disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                            onClick={() => {
+                              navigate(`${routePrefix}?id=new`);
+                              setPopoverOpen((prev) => ({
+                                ...prev,
+                                [config.id]: false,
+                              }));
+                            }}
+                          >
+                            <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                          </button>
+                        )}
+                      </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
+                    )}
                   </div>
                   <div className="flex flex-col gap-0.5 max-h-80 overflow-y-auto">
                     {renderEntityList(true)}
@@ -1096,103 +1138,119 @@ function NavItems({
                         />
                       </button>
                     )}
-                    {canCreate &&
-                      (isPlugin ? (
-                        <DropdownMenu>
-                          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-                            <button
-                              type="button"
-                              className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all"
-                              onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-                            >
-                              <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                            </button>
-                          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
-                          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
-                            {systemInfo.enable_marketplace && (
+                    {canCreate && (
+                      <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip
+                        quota={quota}
+                        resource={config.name}
+                        side="right"
+                      >
+                        {isPlugin ? (
+                          <DropdownMenu>
+                            <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                              <button
+                                type="button"
+                                disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                                className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                                onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                              >
+                                <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                              </button>
+                            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                            <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
+                              {systemInfo.enable_marketplace && (
+                                <DropdownMenuItem
+                                  onClick={(e) => {
+                                    e.stopPropagation();
+                                    navigate('/home/add-extension');
+                                  }}
+                                >
+                                  <Store className="size-4" />
+                                  {t('plugins.goToMarketplace')}
+                                </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              )}
                               <DropdownMenuItem
                                 onClick={(e) => {
                                   e.stopPropagation();
-                                  navigate('/home/add-extension');
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
                                 }}
                               >
-                                <Store className="size-4" />
-                                {t('plugins.goToMarketplace')}
+                                <Upload className="size-4" />
+                                {t('plugins.uploadLocal')}
                               </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            )}
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Upload className="size-4" />
-                              {t('plugins.uploadLocal')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Github className="size-4" />
-                              {t('plugins.installFromGithub')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                          </DropdownMenuContent>
-                        </DropdownMenu>
-                      ) : isSkill ? (
-                        <DropdownMenu>
-                          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-                            <button
-                              type="button"
-                              className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all"
-                              onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-                            >
-                              <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                            </button>
-                          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
-                          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/skills?action=create');
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <FilePlus2 className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.createManually')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Upload className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.uploadZip')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                            <DropdownMenuItem
-                              onClick={(e) => {
-                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
-                              }}
-                            >
-                              <Github className="size-4" />
-                              {t('skills.importFromGithub')}
-                            </DropdownMenuItem>
-                          </DropdownMenuContent>
-                        </DropdownMenu>
-                      ) : (
-                        <button
-                          type="button"
-                          className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all"
-                          onClick={(e) => {
-                            e.stopPropagation();
-                            navigate(`${routePrefix}?id=new`);
-                          }}
-                        >
-                          <Plus className="size-3.5" />
-                        </button>
-                      ))}
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Github className="size-4" />
+                                {t('plugins.installFromGithub')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                            </DropdownMenuContent>
+                          </DropdownMenu>
+                        ) : isSkill ? (
+                          <DropdownMenu>
+                            <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                              <button
+                                type="button"
+                                disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                                aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                                className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                                onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                              >
+                                <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                              </button>
+                            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                            <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/skills?action=create');
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <FilePlus2 className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.createManually')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Upload className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.uploadZip')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                              <DropdownMenuItem
+                                onClick={(e) => {
+                                  e.stopPropagation();
+                                  navigate('/home/add-extension?manual=1');
+                                }}
+                              >
+                                <Github className="size-4" />
+                                {t('skills.importFromGithub')}
+                              </DropdownMenuItem>
+                            </DropdownMenuContent>
+                          </DropdownMenu>
+                        ) : (
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            disabled={quota.disabled}
+                            aria-disabled={quota.disabled}
+                            aria-label={`${t('common.create')} ${config.name}`}
+                            className="p-1 rounded-sm text-sidebar-foreground/70 hover:bg-sidebar-accent hover:text-sidebar-accent-foreground [@media(hover:hover)]:opacity-0 group-hover/category-header:opacity-100 transition-all disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-40"
+                            onClick={(e) => {
+                              e.stopPropagation();
+                              navigate(`${routePrefix}?id=new`);
+                            }}
+                          >
+                            <Plus className="size-3.5" />
+                          </button>
+                        )}
+                      </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
+                    )}
                     <CollapsibleTrigger asChild>
                       <button
                         type="button"
@@ -1637,6 +1695,13 @@ export default function HomeSidebar({
   const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme();
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const currentWorkspace = useCurrentWorkspace();
+  const workspaces = useWorkspaceBootstrap();
+  const showWorkspaceSwitcher =
+    workspaces.length > 1 ||
+    currentWorkspace?.workspace.source === 'cloud_projection';
+  const canViewStorageAnalysis =
+    currentWorkspace?.workspace.source !== 'cloud_projection' &&
+    currentWorkspace?.permissions.includes('audit.view');
   const [settingsOpen, setSettingsOpen] = useState(false);
   const [settingsSection, setSettingsSection] =
     useState<SettingsSection>('models');
@@ -1915,9 +1980,11 @@ export default function HomeSidebar({
           </SidebarMenu>
         </SidebarHeader>
 
-        <div className="px-2 group-data-[collapsible=icon]:px-0">
-          <WorkspaceSwitcher className="w-full group-data-[collapsible=icon]:min-w-0 group-data-[collapsible=icon]:px-2" />
-        </div>
+        {showWorkspaceSwitcher && (
+          <div className="px-2 group-data-[collapsible=icon]:px-0">
+            <WorkspaceSwitcher className="w-full group-data-[collapsible=icon]:min-w-0 group-data-[collapsible=icon]:px-2" />
+          </div>
+        )}
 
         {/* Navigation items grouped by section */}
         <div className="relative flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col overflow-hidden">
@@ -2098,15 +2165,16 @@ export default function HomeSidebar({
                       <UsersRound />
                       {t('workspace.settings')}
                     </DropdownMenuItem>
-                    <DropdownMenuItem
-                      onClick={() => {
-                        setUserMenuOpen(false);
-                        openSettings('storageAnalysis');
-                      }}
-                    >
-                      <HardDrive />
-                      {t('storageAnalysis.title')}
-                    </DropdownMenuItem>
+                    {canViewStorageAnalysis && (
+                      <DropdownMenuItem
+                        onClick={() => {
+                          setUserMenuOpen(false);
+                          openSettings('storageAnalysis');
+                        }}
+                      >
+                        {t('storageAnalysis.title')}
+                      </DropdownMenuItem>
+                    )}
                     <DropdownMenuItem
                       onClick={() => {
                         setUserMenuOpen(false);

web/src/app/home/components/home-sidebar/SidebarDataContext.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import React, {
   useState,
   useEffect,
   useCallback,
+  useRef,
 } from 'react';
 import { httpClient, getCloudServiceClientSync } from '@/app/infra/http';
 import { extractI18nObject } from '@/i18n/I18nProvider';
@@ -48,9 +49,11 @@ export interface SidebarDataContextValue {
   pipelines: SidebarEntityItem[];
   knowledgeBases: SidebarEntityItem[];
   plugins: SidebarEntityItem[];
+  pluginCount: number;
   mcpServers: SidebarEntityItem[];
   skills: SidebarEntityItem[];
   pluginPages: PluginPageItem[];
+  quotaDataLoaded: boolean;
   refreshBots: () => Promise<void>;
   refreshPipelines: () => Promise<void>;
   refreshKnowledgeBases: () => Promise<void>;
@@ -77,9 +80,36 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
   const [pipelines, setPipelines] = useState<SidebarEntityItem[]>([]);
   const [knowledgeBases, setKnowledgeBases] = useState<SidebarEntityItem[]>([]);
   const [plugins, setPlugins] = useState<SidebarEntityItem[]>([]);
+  const [pluginCount, setPluginCount] = useState(0);
   const [mcpServers, setMCPServers] = useState<SidebarEntityItem[]>([]);
   const [skills, setSkills] = useState<SidebarEntityItem[]>([]);
   const [pluginPages, setPluginPages] = useState<PluginPageItem[]>([]);
+  const [quotaDataLoaded, setQuotaDataLoaded] = useState(false);
+  const refreshRequestIds = useRef({
+    bots: 0,
+    pipelines: 0,
+    knowledgeBases: 0,
+    plugins: 0,
+    mcpServers: 0,
+    skills: 0,
+  });
+  const quotaResourceLoaded = useRef({
+    bots: false,
+    pipelines: false,
+    knowledgeBases: false,
+    plugins: false,
+    mcpServers: false,
+    skills: false,
+  });
+  const setQuotaResourceLoaded = useCallback(
+    (resource: keyof typeof quotaResourceLoaded.current, loaded: boolean) => {
+      quotaResourceLoaded.current[resource] = loaded;
+      setQuotaDataLoaded(
+        Object.values(quotaResourceLoaded.current).every(Boolean),
+      );
+    },
+    [],
+  );
   const [detailEntityName, setDetailEntityName] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [extensionsGroupByType, setExtensionsGroupByTypeState] =
     useState<boolean>(() => {
@@ -96,8 +126,11 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
   }, []);
 
   const refreshBots = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.bots;
     try {
       const resp = await httpClient.getBots();
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.bots) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('bots', true);
       setBots(
         resp.bots.map((bot) => ({
           id: bot.uuid || '',
@@ -109,13 +142,18 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         })),
       );
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.bots) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('bots', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch bots for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshPipelines = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.pipelines;
     try {
       const resp = await httpClient.getPipelines();
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.pipelines) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('pipelines', true);
       setPipelines(
         resp.pipelines.map((p) => ({
           id: p.uuid || '',
@@ -126,13 +164,18 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         })),
       );
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.pipelines) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('pipelines', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch pipelines for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshKnowledgeBases = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.knowledgeBases;
     try {
       const resp = await httpClient.getKnowledgeBases();
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.knowledgeBases) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('knowledgeBases', true);
       setKnowledgeBases(
         resp.bases.map((kb) => ({
           id: kb.uuid || '',
@@ -143,11 +186,14 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         })),
       );
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.knowledgeBases) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('knowledgeBases', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch knowledge bases for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshPlugins = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.plugins;
     try {
       const [pluginsResp, marketplaceResp] = await Promise.all([
         httpClient.getPlugins(),
@@ -155,6 +201,9 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
           .getMarketplacePlugins(1, 100)
           .catch(() => ({ plugins: [] })),
       ]);
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.plugins) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('plugins', true);
+      setPluginCount(pluginsResp.plugins?.length ?? 0);
 
       // Build marketplace version lookup: "author/name" -> latest_version
       const marketplaceVersions = new Map<string, string>();
@@ -241,13 +290,18 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
       }
       setPluginPages(pages);
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.plugins) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('plugins', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch plugins for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshMCPServers = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.mcpServers;
     try {
       const resp = await httpClient.getMCPServers();
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.mcpServers) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('mcpServers', true);
       setMCPServers(
         resp.servers.map((server) => ({
           id: server.name, // Keep __ for API calls
@@ -257,13 +311,18 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         })),
       );
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.mcpServers) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('mcpServers', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch MCP servers for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshSkills = useCallback(async () => {
+    const requestId = ++refreshRequestIds.current.skills;
     try {
       const resp = await httpClient.getSkills();
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.skills) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('skills', true);
       setSkills(
         resp.skills.map((skill) => ({
           id: skill.name,
@@ -273,11 +332,22 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         })),
       );
     } catch (error) {
+      if (requestId !== refreshRequestIds.current.skills) return;
+      setQuotaResourceLoaded('skills', false);
       console.error('Failed to fetch skills for sidebar:', error);
     }
-  }, []);
+  }, [setQuotaResourceLoaded]);
 
   const refreshAll = useCallback(async () => {
+    quotaResourceLoaded.current = {
+      bots: false,
+      pipelines: false,
+      knowledgeBases: false,
+      plugins: false,
+      mcpServers: false,
+      skills: false,
+    };
+    setQuotaDataLoaded(false);
     await Promise.all([
       refreshBots(),
       refreshPipelines(),
@@ -307,9 +377,11 @@ export function SidebarDataProvider({
         pipelines,
         knowledgeBases,
         plugins,
+        pluginCount,
         mcpServers,
         skills,
         pluginPages,
+        quotaDataLoaded,
         refreshBots,
         refreshPipelines,
         refreshKnowledgeBases,

web/src/app/home/components/models-dialog/components/ProviderCard.tsx

@@ -218,20 +218,22 @@ export default function ProviderCard({
                   <span>
                     {(spaceCredits / 5000).toFixed(2)} {t('models.credits')}
                   </span>
-                  <Button
-                    variant="ghost"
-                    size="icon"
-                    className="h-5 w-5"
-                    onClick={(e) => {
-                      e.stopPropagation();
-                      window.open(
-                        `${systemInfo.cloud_service_url}/profile?tab=billing`,
-                        '_blank',
-                      );
-                    }}
-                  >
-                    <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
-                  </Button>
+                  {isWorkspaceOwner && (
+                    <Button
+                      variant="ghost"
+                      size="icon"
+                      className="h-5 w-5"
+                      onClick={(e) => {
+                        e.stopPropagation();
+                        window.open(
+                          `${systemInfo.cloud_service_url}/profile?tab=billing`,
+                          '_blank',
+                        );
+                      }}
+                    >
+                      <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
+                    </Button>
+                  )}
                 </div>
               )}
               {isLangBotModels && !isWorkspaceOwner && ownerSpaceBound && (

web/src/app/home/components/settings-dialog/SettingsDialog.tsx

@@ -133,12 +133,14 @@ export default function SettingsDialog({
   const permissions = currentWorkspace?.permissions ?? [];
   const canManageApiKeys = permissions.includes('api_key.manage');
   const canViewAudit = permissions.includes('audit.view');
+  const canViewStorageAnalysis =
+    currentWorkspace?.workspace.source !== 'cloud_projection' && canViewAudit;
   const navItems = allNavItems.filter((item) => {
     if (item.id === 'apiIntegration') {
       return canManageApiKeys;
     }
     if (item.id === 'storageAnalysis') {
-      return canViewAudit;
+      return canViewStorageAnalysis;
     }
     return true;
   });
@@ -146,11 +148,17 @@ export default function SettingsDialog({
   useEffect(() => {
     const forbiddenSection =
       (section === 'apiIntegration' && !canManageApiKeys) ||
-      (section === 'storageAnalysis' && !canViewAudit);
+      (section === 'storageAnalysis' && !canViewStorageAnalysis);
     if (open && forbiddenSection) {
       onSectionChange('workspace');
     }
-  }, [canManageApiKeys, canViewAudit, open, section, onSectionChange]);
+  }, [
+    canManageApiKeys,
+    canViewStorageAnalysis,
+    open,
+    section,
+    onSectionChange,
+  ]);
 
   const activeItem = navItems.find((item) => item.id === section);
   const activeLabel = activeItem?.title ?? t('settingsDialog.title');
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@ export default function SettingsDialog({
                   active={open && section === 'apiIntegration'}
                 />
               )}
-              {section === 'storageAnalysis' && (
+              {section === 'storageAnalysis' && canViewStorageAnalysis && (
                 <StorageAnalysisPanel
                   active={open && section === 'storageAnalysis'}
                 />

web/src/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import {
+  Tooltip,
+  TooltipContent,
+  TooltipTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
+import type { WorkspaceQuotaItem } from './useWorkspaceQuotaStatus';
+
+export function WorkspaceQuotaTooltip({
+  quota,
+  resource,
+  children,
+  side = 'top',
+}: {
+  quota: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  resource: string;
+  children: ReactNode;
+  side?: 'top' | 'right' | 'bottom' | 'left';
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  if (!quota.disabled) return children;
+  const message = quota.loading
+    ? t('limitation.quotaLoadingTooltip')
+    : t('limitation.createDisabledTooltip', {
+        resource,
+        max: quota.max,
+      });
+
+  return (
+    <Tooltip>
+      <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+        <span
+          tabIndex={0}
+          aria-disabled="true"
+          aria-label={message}
+          className="inline-flex cursor-not-allowed rounded-sm focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50"
+        >
+          {children}
+        </span>
+      </TooltipTrigger>
+      <TooltipContent side={side} className="max-w-72 text-left">
+        {message}
+      </TooltipContent>
+    </Tooltip>
+  );
+}

web/src/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { systemInfo } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
+import { useSidebarData } from '@/app/home/components/home-sidebar/SidebarDataContext';
+
+export interface WorkspaceQuotaItem {
+  count: number;
+  max: number;
+  reached: boolean;
+  loading: boolean;
+  disabled: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface WorkspaceQuotaStatus {
+  bots: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  pipelines: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  knowledgeBases: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  extensions: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  botsReached: boolean;
+  pipelinesReached: boolean;
+  knowledgeBasesReached: boolean;
+  extensionsReached: boolean;
+}
+
+function quotaItem(
+  count: number,
+  max: number | undefined,
+  loaded: boolean,
+): WorkspaceQuotaItem {
+  const normalizedMax = typeof max === 'number' ? max : -1;
+  const reached = loaded && normalizedMax >= 0 && count >= normalizedMax;
+  return {
+    count,
+    max: normalizedMax,
+    reached,
+    loading: !loaded,
+    disabled: !loaded || reached,
+  };
+}
+
+export function useWorkspaceQuotaStatus(): WorkspaceQuotaStatus {
+  const {
+    bots,
+    pipelines,
+    knowledgeBases,
+    pluginCount,
+    mcpServers,
+    skills,
+    quotaDataLoaded,
+  } = useSidebarData();
+  const limitation = systemInfo.limitation;
+
+  const botQuota = quotaItem(
+    bots.length,
+    limitation?.max_bots,
+    quotaDataLoaded,
+  );
+  const pipelineQuota = quotaItem(
+    pipelines.length,
+    limitation?.max_pipelines,
+    quotaDataLoaded,
+  );
+  const knowledgeBaseQuota = quotaItem(
+    knowledgeBases.length,
+    limitation?.max_knowledge_bases,
+    quotaDataLoaded,
+  );
+  const extensionQuota = quotaItem(
+    pluginCount + mcpServers.length + skills.length,
+    limitation?.max_extensions,
+    quotaDataLoaded,
+  );
+
+  return {
+    bots: botQuota,
+    pipelines: pipelineQuota,
+    knowledgeBases: knowledgeBaseQuota,
+    extensions: extensionQuota,
+    botsReached: botQuota.disabled,
+    pipelinesReached: pipelineQuota.disabled,
+    knowledgeBasesReached: knowledgeBaseQuota.disabled,
+    extensionsReached: extensionQuota.disabled,
+  };
+}

web/src/app/home/components/workspace-settings/WorkspaceSettingsPanel.tsx

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ export default function WorkspaceSettingsPanel({
   const canInvite = permissions.has('member.invite');
   const canUpdateMembers = permissions.has('member.update_role');
   const canRemoveMembers = permissions.has('member.remove');
-  const canTransferOwner = permissions.has('owner.transfer');
   const cloudPortalURL = workspaceInfo
     ? `${systemInfo.cloud_service_url.replace(/\/$/, '')}/cloud?workspace=${encodeURIComponent(workspaceInfo.workspace.uuid)}&step=plan`
     : '';
@@ -342,11 +341,6 @@ export default function WorkspaceSettingsPanel({
                                 {t(`workspace.roles.${role}`)}
                               </SelectItem>
                             ))}
-                            {canTransferOwner && (
-                              <SelectItem value="owner">
-                                {t('workspace.transferOwnership')}
-                              </SelectItem>
-                            )}
                           </SelectContent>
                         </Select>
                       )}

web/src/app/home/plugin-pages/page.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useEffect, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useSidebarData } from '@/app/home/components/home-sidebar/SidebarDataContext';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { useTheme } from '@/components/providers/theme-provider';
+import { useAuthenticatedPluginAsset } from '@/hooks/useAuthenticatedPluginResource';
 
 /**
  * Plugin page that renders a plugin-provided HTML page in an iframe.
@@ -80,11 +81,15 @@ function PluginPageIframe({
   pageId: string;
 }) {
   const iframeRef = useRef<HTMLIFrameElement>(null);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [loadedAssetUrl, setLoadedAssetUrl] = useState('');
   const { resolvedTheme } = useTheme();
-  const { i18n } = useTranslation();
-
-  const assetUrl = httpClient.getPluginAssetURL(author, pluginName, pagePath);
+  const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+  const { url: assetUrl, error: assetError } = useAuthenticatedPluginAsset(
+    author,
+    pluginName,
+    pagePath,
+  );
+  const loading = !assetUrl || loadedAssetUrl !== assetUrl;
 
   // Send context (theme + language) to iframe
   // Use '*' as targetOrigin because sandboxed iframe has opaque (null) origin
@@ -170,23 +175,29 @@ function PluginPageIframe({
 
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col h-full w-full">
-      {loading && (
+      {assetError ? (
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-center h-full text-muted-foreground">
+          {t('plugins.loadFailed')}
+        </div>
+      ) : loading || !assetUrl ? (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-center h-full text-muted-foreground">
           Loading...
         </div>
+      ) : null}
+      {!assetError && assetUrl && (
+        <iframe
+          ref={iframeRef}
+          src={assetUrl}
+          className="flex-1 w-full border-0 rounded-md"
+          style={{ display: loading ? 'none' : 'block' }}
+          onLoad={() => {
+            setLoadedAssetUrl(assetUrl);
+            sendContext();
+          }}
+          sandbox="allow-scripts allow-forms"
+          title={`${author}/${pluginName} - ${pagePath}`}
+        />
       )}
-      <iframe
-        ref={iframeRef}
-        src={assetUrl}
-        className="flex-1 w-full border-0 rounded-md"
-        style={{ display: loading ? 'none' : 'block' }}
-        onLoad={() => {
-          setLoading(false);
-          sendContext();
-        }}
-        sandbox="allow-scripts allow-forms"
-        title={`${author}/${pluginName} - ${pagePath}`}
-      />
     </div>
   );
 }

web/src/app/home/plugins/components/PluginLocalPreviewPanel.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
 import { extractI18nObject } from '@/i18n/I18nProvider';
 import { usePluginInstallTasks } from '@/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-install-task';
 import PluginComponentList from '@/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-installed/PluginComponentList';
+import { WorkspaceQuotaTooltip } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip';
+import type { WorkspaceQuotaItem } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus';
 
 type PluginLocalPreview = Awaited<
   ReturnType<typeof httpClient.previewPluginInstallFromLocal>
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ interface PluginLocalPreviewPanelProps {
   file: File;
   onInstallStarted?: () => void;
   onCancel?: () => void;
+  quota?: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  quotaResource?: string;
 }
 
 function formatFileSize(bytes: number): string {
@@ -30,6 +34,8 @@ export default function PluginLocalPreviewPanel({
   file,
   onInstallStarted,
   onCancel,
+  quota,
+  quotaResource = '',
 }: PluginLocalPreviewPanelProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { addTask, setSelectedTaskId } = usePluginInstallTasks();
@@ -63,6 +69,7 @@ export default function PluginLocalPreviewPanel({
   }, [loadPreview]);
 
   async function handleInstall() {
+    if (quota?.disabled) return;
     setInstalling(true);
     setErrorMessage(null);
     try {
@@ -190,13 +197,27 @@ export default function PluginLocalPreviewPanel({
             {t('common.cancel')}
           </Button>
         )}
-        <Button
-          type="button"
-          onClick={handleInstall}
-          disabled={!preview || previewing || installing}
-        >
-          {installing ? t('plugins.installing') : t('plugins.confirmInstall')}
-        </Button>
+        {quota ? (
+          <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip quota={quota} resource={quotaResource}>
+            <Button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={handleInstall}
+              disabled={quota.disabled || !preview || previewing || installing}
+            >
+              {installing
+                ? t('plugins.installing')
+                : t('plugins.confirmInstall')}
+            </Button>
+          </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
+        ) : (
+          <Button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={handleInstall}
+            disabled={!preview || previewing || installing}
+          >
+            {installing ? t('plugins.installing') : t('plugins.confirmInstall')}
+          </Button>
+        )}
       </div>
     </div>
   );

web/src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/PluginMarketComponent.tsx

@@ -80,9 +80,13 @@ function loadMarketFilters(): MarketFilters {
 function MarketPageContent({
   installPlugin,
   headerActions,
+  installDisabled,
+  installDisabledTooltip,
 }: {
   installPlugin: (plugin: PluginV4) => void;
   headerActions?: React.ReactNode;
+  installDisabled?: boolean;
+  installDisabledTooltip?: string;
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
@@ -847,6 +851,8 @@ function MarketPageContent({
               lists={recommendationLists}
               tagNames={tagNames}
               onInstall={handleInstallPlugin}
+              installDisabled={installDisabled}
+              installDisabledTooltip={installDisabledTooltip}
             />
           )}
 
@@ -876,6 +882,8 @@ function MarketPageContent({
                   cardVO={plugin}
                   onInstall={handleInstallPlugin}
                   tagNames={tagNames}
+                  installDisabled={installDisabled}
+                  installDisabledTooltip={installDisabledTooltip}
                 />
               ))}
             </div>
@@ -915,9 +923,13 @@ function MarketPageContent({
 export default function MarketPage({
   installPlugin,
   headerActions,
+  installDisabled,
+  installDisabledTooltip,
 }: {
   installPlugin: (plugin: PluginV4) => void;
   headerActions?: React.ReactNode;
+  installDisabled?: boolean;
+  installDisabledTooltip?: string;
 }) {
   return (
     <Suspense
@@ -932,6 +944,8 @@ export default function MarketPage({
       <MarketPageContent
         installPlugin={installPlugin}
         headerActions={headerActions}
+        installDisabled={installDisabled}
+        installDisabledTooltip={installDisabledTooltip}
       />
     </Suspense>
   );

web/src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/RecommendationLists.tsx

@@ -54,11 +54,15 @@ function RecommendationListRow({
   list,
   tagNames,
   onInstall,
+  installDisabled,
+  installDisabledTooltip,
   isLast,
 }: {
   list: RecommendationList;
   tagNames: Record<string, string>;
   onInstall: (cardVO: PluginMarketCardVO) => void;
+  installDisabled?: boolean;
+  installDisabledTooltip?: string;
   isLast: boolean;
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
@@ -263,6 +267,8 @@ function RecommendationListRow({
             cardVO={pluginToVO(plugin, t)}
             tagNames={tagNames}
             onInstall={onInstall}
+            installDisabled={installDisabled}
+            installDisabledTooltip={installDisabledTooltip}
           />
         ))}
       </div>
@@ -277,10 +283,14 @@ export function RecommendationLists({
   lists,
   tagNames,
   onInstall,
+  installDisabled,
+  installDisabledTooltip,
 }: {
   lists: RecommendationList[];
   tagNames: Record<string, string>;
   onInstall: (cardVO: PluginMarketCardVO) => void;
+  installDisabled?: boolean;
+  installDisabledTooltip?: string;
 }) {
   if (!lists || lists.length === 0) return null;
 
@@ -292,6 +302,8 @@ export function RecommendationLists({
           list={list}
           tagNames={tagNames}
           onInstall={onInstall}
+          installDisabled={installDisabled}
+          installDisabledTooltip={installDisabledTooltip}
           isLast={index === lists.length - 1}
         />
       ))}

web/src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/plugin-market-card/PluginMarketCardComponent.tsx

@@ -23,10 +23,14 @@ export default function PluginMarketCardComponent({
   cardVO,
   onInstall,
   tagNames = {},
+  installDisabled = false,
+  installDisabledTooltip,
 }: {
   cardVO: PluginMarketCardVO;
   onInstall?: (cardVO: PluginMarketCardVO) => void;
   tagNames?: Record<string, string>;
+  installDisabled?: boolean;
+  installDisabledTooltip?: string;
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const bottomRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -127,6 +131,7 @@ export default function PluginMarketCardComponent({
 
   const remainingTags = cardVO.tags ? cardVO.tags.length - visibleTags : 0;
   const handleInstallClick = () => {
+    if (installDisabled) return;
     onInstall?.(cardVO);
   };
 
@@ -153,12 +158,17 @@ export default function PluginMarketCardComponent({
     }
   };
 
-  return (
+  const cardContent = (
     <div
-      role="button"
+      role={installDisabled ? 'group' : 'button'}
       tabIndex={0}
+      aria-disabled={installDisabled}
       aria-label={t('market.installCard', { name: cardVO.label })}
-      className="w-[100%] h-[10rem] cursor-pointer bg-white rounded-[10px] border border-border shadow-[0px_1px_2px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.06)] p-3 sm:p-[1rem] hover:shadow-[0px_2px_5px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.08)] transition-shadow duration-200 outline-none focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 dark:bg-[#1f1f22] dark:shadow-[0px_1px_2px_0_rgba(255,255,255,0.04)] dark:hover:shadow-[0px_2px_5px_0_rgba(255,255,255,0.07)] relative"
+      className={`w-[100%] h-[10rem] bg-white rounded-[10px] border border-border shadow-[0px_1px_2px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.06)] p-3 sm:p-[1rem] transition-shadow duration-200 outline-none dark:bg-[#1f1f22] dark:shadow-[0px_1px_2px_0_rgba(255,255,255,0.04)] relative ${
+        installDisabled
+          ? 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-60'
+          : 'cursor-pointer hover:shadow-[0px_2px_5px_0_rgba(0,0,0,0.08)] focus-visible:ring-[3px] focus-visible:ring-ring/50 dark:hover:shadow-[0px_2px_5px_0_rgba(255,255,255,0.07)]'
+      }`}
       onClick={handleInstallClick}
       onKeyDown={(event) => {
         if (
@@ -382,4 +392,17 @@ export default function PluginMarketCardComponent({
       </div>
     </div>
   );
+
+  if (!installDisabled || !installDisabledTooltip) return cardContent;
+
+  return (
+    <TooltipProvider delayDuration={200}>
+      <Tooltip>
+        <TooltipTrigger asChild>{cardContent}</TooltipTrigger>
+        <TooltipContent side="top" className="max-w-72 text-left">
+          {installDisabledTooltip}
+        </TooltipContent>
+      </Tooltip>
+    </TooltipProvider>
+  );
 }

web/src/app/home/skills/components/SkillZipPreviewPanel.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox';
 import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
 import type { Skill } from '@/app/infra/entities/api';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
+import { WorkspaceQuotaTooltip } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip';
+import type { WorkspaceQuotaItem } from '@/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus';
 
 interface PreviewSkill extends Skill {
   source_path?: string;
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ interface SkillZipPreviewPanelProps {
   file: File;
   onImported: (skillNames: string[]) => void;
   onCancel?: () => void;
+  quota?: WorkspaceQuotaItem;
+  quotaResource?: string;
 }
 
 function formatFileSize(bytes: number): string {
@@ -45,6 +49,8 @@ export default function SkillZipPreviewPanel({
   file,
   onImported,
   onCancel,
+  quota,
+  quotaResource = '',
 }: SkillZipPreviewPanelProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const [previewSkills, setPreviewSkills] = useState<PreviewSkill[]>([]);
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ export default function SkillZipPreviewPanel({
   }
 
   async function handleInstall() {
+    if (quota?.disabled) return;
     if (selectedPaths.length === 0) return;
 
     setInstalling(true);
@@ -249,28 +256,56 @@ export default function SkillZipPreviewPanel({
             {t('common.cancel')}
           </Button>
         )}
-        <Button
-          type="button"
-          onClick={handleInstall}
-          disabled={
-            previewing ||
-            installing ||
-            previewSkills.length === 0 ||
-            selectedPaths.length === 0
-          }
-        >
-          {installing ? (
-            <>
-              <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
-              {t('skills.installing')}
-            </>
-          ) : (
-            <>
-              <PackageOpen className="size-4" />
-              {t('skills.confirmInstall')}
-            </>
-          )}
-        </Button>
+        {quota ? (
+          <WorkspaceQuotaTooltip quota={quota} resource={quotaResource}>
+            <Button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={handleInstall}
+              disabled={
+                quota.disabled ||
+                previewing ||
+                installing ||
+                previewSkills.length === 0 ||
+                selectedPaths.length === 0
+              }
+            >
+              {installing ? (
+                <>
+                  <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
+                  {t('skills.installing')}
+                </>
+              ) : (
+                <>
+                  <PackageOpen className="size-4" />
+                  {t('skills.confirmInstall')}
+                </>
+              )}
+            </Button>
+          </WorkspaceQuotaTooltip>
+        ) : (
+          <Button
+            type="button"
+            onClick={handleInstall}
+            disabled={
+              previewing ||
+              installing ||
+              previewSkills.length === 0 ||
+              selectedPaths.length === 0
+            }
+          >
+            {installing ? (
+              <>
+                <Loader2 className="size-4 animate-spin" />
+                {t('skills.installing')}
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              <>
+                <PackageOpen className="size-4" />
+                {t('skills.confirmInstall')}
+              </>
+            )}
+          </Button>
+        )}
       </div>
     </div>
   );

web/src/app/infra/entities/api/index.ts

@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ export interface SystemLimitation {
   max_bots: number;
   max_pipelines: number;
   max_extensions: number;
+  max_knowledge_bases?: number;
   /** When non-empty, every pipeline is forced to this Box sandbox-scope
    *  template (e.g. ``{global}``) and the per-pipeline "Sandbox Scope"
    *  selector is locked. Used by SaaS deployments. Empty = no restriction. */

web/src/app/infra/http/BackendClient.ts

@@ -1179,6 +1179,7 @@ export class BackendClient extends BaseHttpClient {
 
   public getAccountInfo(): Promise<{
     initialized: boolean;
+    authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled?: boolean;
     password_login_enabled?: boolean;
     space_login_enabled?: boolean;
   }> {

web/src/app/invitations/accept/page.tsx

@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ export default function AcceptInvitationPage() {
   const [confirmPassword, setConfirmPassword] = useState('');
   const [passwordRegistrationEnabled, setPasswordRegistrationEnabled] =
     useState(false);
+  const [
+    authenticatedInvitationAcceptanceEnabled,
+    setAuthenticatedInvitationAcceptanceEnabled,
+  ] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const handleHashChange = () => setInvitationHash(window.location.hash);
@@ -113,6 +117,9 @@ export default function AcceptInvitationPage() {
       .getAccountInfo()
       .then((info) => {
         setPasswordRegistrationEnabled(info.password_login_enabled !== false);
+        setAuthenticatedInvitationAcceptanceEnabled(
+          info.authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled === true,
+        );
       })
       .catch(() => setPasswordRegistrationEnabled(false));
     if (!invitationToken) {
@@ -304,7 +311,18 @@ export default function AcceptInvitationPage() {
                 </div>
               )}
 
-              {hasLoginToken ? (
+              {hasLoginToken && authenticatedInvitationAcceptanceEnabled ? (
+                <Button
+                  className="w-full"
+                  disabled={status === 'submitting'}
+                  onClick={() => void finishAcceptance()}
+                >
+                  {status === 'submitting' ? (
+                    <Loader2 className="mr-2 size-4 animate-spin" />
+                  ) : null}
+                  {t('workspace.acceptInvitation')}
+                </Button>
+              ) : hasLoginToken ? (
                 <div className="space-y-3">
                   <div className="rounded-lg border border-amber-300 bg-amber-50 p-3 text-sm text-amber-900 dark:bg-amber-950/30 dark:text-amber-100">
                     {t('workspace.authenticatedInvitationNotice')}

web/src/components/ui/tooltip.tsx

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ function TooltipContent({
         data-slot="tooltip-content"
         sideOffset={sideOffset}
         className={cn(
-          'bg-primary text-primary-foreground animate-in fade-in-0 zoom-in-95 data-[state=closed]:animate-out data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2 data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2 z-50 w-fit origin-(--radix-tooltip-content-transform-origin) rounded-md px-3 py-1.5 text-xs text-balance',
+          'bg-primary text-primary-foreground animate-in fade-in-0 zoom-in-95 data-[state=closed]:animate-out data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2 data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2 z-50 w-fit origin-(--radix-tooltip-content-transform-origin) rounded-md px-3 py-1.5 text-xs',
           className,
         )}
         {...props}

web/src/hooks/useAuthenticatedPluginResource.ts

@@ -1,41 +1,63 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { httpClient } from '@/app/infra/http/HttpClient';
+import { useCurrentWorkspace } from '@/app/infra/http';
+
+type AuthenticatedResourceState = {
+  key: string;
+  url: string;
+  error: boolean;
+};
+
+const EMPTY_RESOURCE: AuthenticatedResourceState = {
+  key: '',
+  url: '',
+  error: false,
+};
 
 export function useAuthenticatedPluginIcon(
   author: string,
   name: string,
   enabled = true,
 ): { url: string; error: boolean } {
-  const [url, setURL] = useState('');
-  const [error, setError] = useState(false);
+  const [resource, setResource] =
+    useState<AuthenticatedResourceState>(EMPTY_RESOURCE);
+  const currentWorkspace = useCurrentWorkspace();
+  const workspaceUuid = currentWorkspace?.workspace.uuid;
+  const resourceKey = `${workspaceUuid ?? ''}:${author}/${name}`;
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!enabled) {
-      setURL('');
-      setError(false);
+      setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: '', error: false });
       return;
     }
     let active = true;
     let objectURL = '';
-    setURL('');
-    setError(false);
+    setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: '', error: false });
     httpClient
       .getAuthenticatedPluginIconURL(author, name)
       .then((nextURL) => {
         objectURL = nextURL;
-        if (active) setURL(nextURL);
-        else URL.revokeObjectURL(nextURL);
+        if (active) {
+          setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: nextURL, error: false });
+        } else {
+          URL.revokeObjectURL(nextURL);
+        }
       })
       .catch(() => {
-        if (active) setError(true);
+        if (active) {
+          setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: '', error: true });
+        }
       });
     return () => {
       active = false;
       if (objectURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
     };
-  }, [author, enabled, name]);
+  }, [author, enabled, name, resourceKey]);
 
-  return { url, error };
+  return {
+    url: resource.key === resourceKey ? resource.url : '',
+    error: resource.key === resourceKey && resource.error,
+  };
 }
 
 export function useAuthenticatedPluginAsset(
@@ -43,29 +65,39 @@ export function useAuthenticatedPluginAsset(
   name: string,
   filepath: string,
 ): { url: string; error: boolean } {
-  const [url, setURL] = useState('');
-  const [error, setError] = useState(false);
+  const [resource, setResource] =
+    useState<AuthenticatedResourceState>(EMPTY_RESOURCE);
+  const currentWorkspace = useCurrentWorkspace();
+  const workspaceUuid = currentWorkspace?.workspace.uuid;
+  const resourceKey = `${workspaceUuid ?? ''}:${author}/${name}/${filepath}`;
 
   useEffect(() => {
     let active = true;
     let objectURL = '';
-    setURL('');
-    setError(false);
+    setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: '', error: false });
     httpClient
       .getAuthenticatedPluginAssetURL(author, name, filepath)
       .then((nextURL) => {
         objectURL = nextURL;
-        if (active) setURL(nextURL);
-        else URL.revokeObjectURL(nextURL);
+        if (active) {
+          setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: nextURL, error: false });
+        } else {
+          URL.revokeObjectURL(nextURL);
+        }
       })
       .catch(() => {
-        if (active) setError(true);
+        if (active) {
+          setResource({ key: resourceKey, url: '', error: true });
+        }
       });
     return () => {
       active = false;
       if (objectURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
     };
-  }, [author, name, filepath]);
+  }, [author, name, filepath, resourceKey]);
 
-  return { url, error };
+  return {
+    url: resource.key === resourceKey ? resource.url : '',
+    error: resource.key === resourceKey && resource.error,
+  };
 }

web/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1678,6 +1678,12 @@ const enUS = {
       'Maximum number of pipelines ({{max}}) reached. Please remove an existing pipeline before creating a new one.',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       'Maximum number of extensions ({{max}}) reached. Please remove an existing extension before adding a new one.',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'Workspace usage is still loading. Please wait before creating a resource.',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      'Unable to verify the current workspace quota. Please try again.',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'The {{resource}} limit ({{max}}) for this workspace has been reached. Delete one existing item before creating another.',
   },
   skills: {
     title: 'Skills',

web/src/i18n/locales/es-ES.ts

@@ -1634,6 +1634,12 @@ const esES = {
       'Se ha alcanzado el número máximo de Pipelines ({{max}}). Por favor, elimina un Pipeline existente antes de crear uno nuevo.',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       'Se ha alcanzado el número máximo de extensiones ({{max}}). Por favor, elimina un servidor MCP o plugin existente antes de añadir uno nuevo.',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'El uso del espacio de trabajo aún se está cargando. Espera antes de crear un recurso.',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      'No se pudo verificar la cuota actual del espacio de trabajo. Inténtalo de nuevo.',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'Se alcanzó el límite de {{resource}} ({{max}}) de este espacio de trabajo. Elimina uno existente antes de crear otro.',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: 'Crea un Bot con pasos guiados',

web/src/i18n/locales/ja-JP.ts

@@ -1685,6 +1685,12 @@ const jaJP = {
       'パイプライン数が上限（{{max}}個）に達しました。新しいパイプラインを作成するには、既存のパイプラインを削除してください。',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       '拡張機能数が上限（{{max}}個）に達しました。新しい MCP サーバーやプラグインを追加するには、既存のものを削除してください。',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'ワークスペースの使用状況を読み込んでいます。リソースを作成する前にお待ちください。',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      '現在のワークスペース上限を確認できません。もう一度お試しください。',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'このワークスペースの{{resource}}数が上限（{{max}}個）に達しました。新しく作成する前に既存の{{resource}}を削除してください。',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: 'ガイド付きステップでボットを作成',

web/src/i18n/locales/ru-RU.ts

@@ -1609,6 +1609,12 @@ const ruRU = {
       'Достигнуто максимальное количество конвейеров ({{max}}). Удалите существующий конвейер перед созданием нового.',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       'Достигнуто максимальное количество расширений ({{max}}). Удалите существующий MCP-сервер или плагин перед добавлением нового.',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'Данные об использовании рабочего пространства загружаются. Подождите перед созданием ресурса.',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      'Не удалось проверить текущую квоту рабочего пространства. Повторите попытку.',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'Достигнут лимит {{resource}} ({{max}}) для этого рабочего пространства. Удалите существующий ресурс перед созданием нового.',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: 'Создать бота с пошаговым руководством',

web/src/i18n/locales/th-TH.ts

@@ -1576,6 +1576,12 @@ const thTH = {
       'จำนวน Pipeline สูงสุด ({{max}}) ถึงขีดจำกัดแล้ว กรุณาลบ Pipeline ที่มีอยู่ก่อนสร้างใหม่',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       'จำนวนส่วนขยายสูงสุด ({{max}}) ถึงขีดจำกัดแล้ว กรุณาลบเซิร์ฟเวอร์ MCP หรือปลั๊กอินที่มีอยู่ก่อนเพิ่มใหม่',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'กำลังโหลดการใช้งานพื้นที่ทำงาน โปรดรอก่อนสร้างทรัพยากร',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      'ไม่สามารถตรวจสอบโควตาปัจจุบันของพื้นที่ทำงานได้ โปรดลองอีกครั้ง',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'ถึงขีดจำกัด {{resource}} ({{max}}) ของเวิร์กสเปซนี้แล้ว โปรดลบรายการเดิมก่อนสร้างรายการใหม่',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: 'สร้าง Bot ด้วยขั้นตอนที่แนะนำ',

web/src/i18n/locales/vi-VN.ts

@@ -1602,6 +1602,12 @@ const viVN = {
       'Đã đạt số lượng Pipeline tối đa ({{max}}). Vui lòng xóa một Pipeline hiện có trước khi tạo mới.',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       'Đã đạt số lượng tiện ích mở rộng tối đa ({{max}}). Vui lòng xóa một máy chủ MCP hoặc plugin hiện có trước khi thêm mới.',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip:
+      'Dữ liệu sử dụng không gian làm việc đang tải. Vui lòng chờ trước khi tạo tài nguyên.',
+    quotaCheckFailed:
+      'Không thể kiểm tra hạn mức hiện tại của không gian làm việc. Vui lòng thử lại.',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      'Đã đạt giới hạn {{resource}} ({{max}}) của workspace này. Hãy xóa một mục hiện có trước khi tạo mới.',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: 'Tạo Bot với các bước hướng dẫn',

web/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hans.ts

@@ -1606,6 +1606,10 @@ const zhHans = {
       '已达到流水线数量上限（{{max}}个）。请先删除已有流水线后再创建新的。',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       '已达到扩展数量上限（{{max}}个）。请先删除已有扩展后再添加新的。',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip: '正在加载工作空间用量，请稍后再创建资源。',
+    quotaCheckFailed: '无法确认当前工作空间额度，请重试。',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      '当前工作区的{{resource}}数量已达到上限（{{max}}个）。请先删除一个已有{{resource}}后再创建。',
   },
   skills: {
     title: '技能',

web/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1531,6 +1531,10 @@ const zhHant = {
       '已達到流水線數量上限（{{max}}個）。請先刪除已有流水線後再建立新的。',
     maxExtensionsReached:
       '已達到擴充功能數量上限（{{max}}個）。請先刪除已有擴充功能後再新增。',
+    quotaLoadingTooltip: '正在載入工作空間用量，請稍後再建立資源。',
+    quotaCheckFailed: '無法確認目前工作空間額度，請重試。',
+    createDisabledTooltip:
+      '目前工作區的{{resource}}數量已達上限（{{max}}個）。請先刪除一個現有{{resource}}後再建立。',
   },
   wizard: {
     sidebarDescription: '透過引導步驟建立機器人',

web/tests/e2e/cloud-storage-privacy.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+import {
+  installLangBotApiMocks,
+  makeWorkspaceEntry,
+} from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+
+function wrapped(data: unknown) {
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    code: 0,
+    message: 'ok',
+    data,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  });
+}
+
+test('Cloud never exposes or requests storage analysis', async ({ page }) => {
+  const workspace = makeWorkspaceEntry(
+    'workspace-cloud',
+    'Cloud Workspace',
+    'cloud_projection',
+  );
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    authenticated: true,
+    workspaces: [workspace],
+  });
+  await page.route(
+    /\/api\/v1\/workspaces\/workspace-cloud\/(members|invitations)$/,
+    async (route) => {
+      const collection = route.request().url().endsWith('/members')
+        ? 'members'
+        : 'invitations';
+      await route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'application/json',
+        body: wrapped({ [collection]: [] }),
+      });
+    },
+  );
+
+  let storageAnalysisRequests = 0;
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/system/storage-analysis', async (route) => {
+    storageAnalysisRequests += 1;
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: wrapped({}),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/home/bots');
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: /admin@example\.com/i }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Storage Analysis', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(
+    0,
+  );
+
+  await page.goto('/home/bots?action=showStorageAnalysis');
+  await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Workspace' })).toBeVisible();
+  await expect(page.getByText('Storage Analysis', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(
+    0,
+  );
+  expect(storageAnalysisRequests).toBe(0);
+});

web/tests/e2e/fixtures/langbot-api.ts

@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ export function makeWorkspaceEntry(
       'member.remove',
       'member.update_role',
       'member.view',
-      'owner.transfer',
       'provider_secret.manage',
       'resource.manage',
       'resource.view',

web/tests/e2e/invitations.spec.ts

@@ -165,3 +165,164 @@ test('an authenticated OSS invitation requires logout before registration', asyn
     invitation: 'logout-invitation',
   });
 });
+
+test('an authenticated Cloud Account can accept its invitation directly', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    authenticated: true,
+    storage: {
+      token: 'invited-account-token',
+      userEmail: 'invited@example.com',
+    },
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/user/account-info', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          initialized: true,
+          authenticated_invitation_acceptance_enabled: true,
+          password_login_enabled: false,
+          space_login_enabled: true,
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/inspect', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          invitation: {
+            uuid: 'cloud-invitation',
+            workspace_uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            normalized_email: 'invited@example.com',
+            role: 'viewer',
+            status: 'pending',
+          },
+          workspace: {
+            uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+            name: 'Playwright Workspace',
+          },
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  let acceptanceAuthorization = '';
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/accept', async (route) => {
+    acceptanceAuthorization = route.request().headers().authorization ?? '';
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          token: 'accepted-cloud-account-token',
+          workspace_uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/invitations/accept#token=cloud-invitation');
+
+  await expect(
+    page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Accept Invitation' }),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Accept Invitation' }).click();
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/);
+  expect(acceptanceAuthorization).toBe('Bearer invited-account-token');
+});
+
+test('Space OAuth accepts a pending invitation with the freshly authenticated account', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    authenticated: false,
+    storage: {
+      token: 'stale-other-account-token',
+      userEmail: 'other@example.com',
+    },
+  });
+  await page.addInitScript(() => {
+    sessionStorage.setItem(
+      'langbot_pending_invitation_token',
+      'matching-invitation',
+    );
+  });
+
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/user/space/callback', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          token: 'fresh-invited-account-token',
+          user: 'invited@example.com',
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/user/info', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          account_uuid: 'invited-account',
+          user: 'invited@example.com',
+          account_type: 'space',
+          has_password: false,
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  let acceptanceAuthorization = '';
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/invitations/accept', async (route) => {
+    acceptanceAuthorization = route.request().headers().authorization ?? '';
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        code: 0,
+        data: {
+          token: 'accepted-invited-account-token',
+          workspace_uuid: 'workspace-playwright',
+        },
+        msg: 'ok',
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  await page.goto('/auth/space/callback?code=oauth-code&state=oauth-state');
+
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home(?:\/monitoring)?$/, {
+    timeout: 5_000,
+  });
+  expect(acceptanceAuthorization).toBe('Bearer fresh-invited-account-token');
+  expect(
+    await page.evaluate(() => ({
+      token: localStorage.getItem('token'),
+      userEmail: localStorage.getItem('userEmail'),
+      invitation: sessionStorage.getItem('langbot_pending_invitation_token'),
+    })),
+  ).toEqual({
+    token: 'accepted-invited-account-token',
+    userEmail: 'invited@example.com',
+    invitation: null,
+  });
+});

web/tests/e2e/plugin-page-auth.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+import {
+  installLangBotApiMocks,
+  makeWorkspaceEntry,
+} from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+
+function wrapped(data: unknown) {
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    code: 0,
+    message: 'ok',
+    data,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  });
+}
+
+test('loads a Cloud plugin page through the authenticated asset route', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const workspace = makeWorkspaceEntry(
+    'workspace-cloud',
+    'Cloud Workspace',
+    'cloud_projection',
+  );
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, {
+    authenticated: true,
+    workspaces: [workspace],
+  });
+
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/plugins', async (route) => {
+    await route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: wrapped({
+        plugins: [
+          {
+            install_source: 'marketplace',
+            install_info: {},
+            debug: false,
+            manifest: {
+              manifest: {
+                metadata: {
+                  author: 'langbot-team',
+                  name: 'LangRAG',
+                  version: '0.1.9',
+                  label: { en_US: 'LangRAG', zh_Hans: 'LangRAG' },
+                },
+                spec: {
+                  pages: [
+                    {
+                      id: 'observability',
+                      path: 'components/pages/observability.html',
+                      label: { en_US: 'Observability', zh_Hans: '观测面板' },
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      }),
+    });
+  });
+
+  let authenticatedAssetRequests = 0;
+  await page.route(
+    '**/api/v1/plugins/langbot-team/LangRAG/authenticated-assets/**',
+    async (route) => {
+      authenticatedAssetRequests += 1;
+      await route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: 'text/html',
+        body: '<!doctype html><html><body><h1>LangRAG Observability</h1></body></html>',
+      });
+    },
+  );
+
+  await page.goto(
+    '/home/plugin-pages?id=langbot-team%2FLangRAG%2Fobservability',
+  );
+
+  await expect(
+    page
+      .frameLocator('iframe')
+      .getByRole('heading', { name: 'LangRAG Observability' }),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  expect(authenticatedAssetRequests).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  await expect(page.getByText('Loading...')).toHaveCount(0);
+});

web/tests/e2e/quota-create-actions.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+import { installLangBotApiMocks } from './fixtures/langbot-api';
+
+function wrapped(data: unknown) {
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    code: 0,
+    message: 'ok',
+    data,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  });
+}
+
+async function fulfill(
+  route: Parameters<Parameters<import('@playwright/test').Page['route']>[1]>[0],
+  data: unknown,
+) {
+  await route.fulfill({
+    status: 200,
+    contentType: 'application/json',
+    body: wrapped(data),
+  });
+}
+
+test('quota-reached create actions are disabled and explain the current limit', async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installLangBotApiMocks(page, { authenticated: true });
+
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/system/info', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, {
+      debug: false,
+      version: 'quota-e2e',
+      edition: 'community',
+      cloud_service_url: 'https://space.langbot.app',
+      enable_marketplace: true,
+      allow_modify_login_info: true,
+      disable_models_service: false,
+      limitation: {
+        max_bots: 2,
+        max_pipelines: 3,
+        max_extensions: 3,
+        max_knowledge_bases: 2,
+      },
+      outbound_ips: [],
+      wizard_status: 'completed',
+      wizard_progress: null,
+    }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/platform/bots**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, {
+      bots: Array.from({ length: 2 }, (_, index) => ({
+        uuid: `bot-${index}`,
+        name: `Bot ${index + 1}`,
+        description: '',
+        adapter: 'aiocqhttp',
+        enable: true,
+        updated_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+      })),
+    }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/pipelines**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, {
+      pipelines: Array.from({ length: 3 }, (_, index) => ({
+        uuid: `pipeline-${index}`,
+        name: `Pipeline ${index + 1}`,
+        description: '',
+        emoji: '⚙️',
+        updated_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+      })),
+    }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/knowledge/bases**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, {
+      bases: Array.from({ length: 2 }, (_, index) => ({
+        uuid: `kb-${index}`,
+        name: `Knowledge ${index + 1}`,
+        description: '',
+        emoji: '📚',
+        updated_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+      })),
+    }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/plugins**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, { plugins: [] }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/mcp/servers**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, {
+      servers: Array.from({ length: 3 }, (_, index) => ({
+        name: `mcp-${index}`,
+        mode: 'http',
+        enable: true,
+        runtime_info: { status: 'connected' },
+      })),
+    }),
+  );
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/skills**', (route) =>
+    fulfill(route, { skills: [] }),
+  );
+
+  await page.goto('/home/bots');
+
+  const botCreate = page.getByRole('button', {
+    name: 'Create Bots',
+    exact: true,
+  });
+  const pipelineCreate = page.getByRole('button', {
+    name: 'Create Pipelines',
+    exact: true,
+  });
+  const knowledgeCreate = page.getByRole('button', {
+    name: 'Create Knowledge',
+    exact: true,
+  });
+  const addExtension = page.getByRole('button', {
+    name: 'Add Extension',
+    exact: true,
+  });
+
+  await expect(botCreate).toBeDisabled();
+  await expect(pipelineCreate).toBeDisabled();
+  await expect(knowledgeCreate).toBeDisabled();
+  await expect(addExtension).toBeEnabled();
+
+  const botQuotaTrigger = botCreate.locator('..');
+  await botQuotaTrigger.hover();
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText(
+      'The Bots limit (2) for this workspace has been reached. Delete one existing item before creating another.',
+    ),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+  await botQuotaTrigger.focus();
+  await expect(botQuotaTrigger).toBeFocused();
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText(
+      'The Bots limit (2) for this workspace has been reached. Delete one existing item before creating another.',
+    ),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+
+  await addExtension.click();
+  await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/home\/add-extension$/);
+  const manualAdd = page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Manual Add' });
+  await expect(manualAdd).toBeDisabled();
+  await manualAdd.locator('..').hover();
+  await expect(
+    page.getByText(
+      'The Extensions limit (3) for this workspace has been reached. Delete one existing item before creating another.',
+    ),
+  ).toBeVisible();
+});

web/tests/unit/oss-account-space-billing.test.mjs

@@ -46,4 +46,14 @@ test('provider card represents owner and member owner-bound states explicitly',
   assert.match(source, /ownerSpaceBound/);
   assert.match(source, /models\.ownerMustBindSpace/);
   assert.match(source, /models\.usesOwnerSpaceBilling/);
+  assert.match(source, /isWorkspaceOwner && \(\s*<Button/);
+});
+
+test('workspace member controls never offer ownership transfer', () => {
+  const source = read(
+    'src/app/home/components/workspace-settings/WorkspaceSettingsPanel.tsx',
+  );
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /canTransferOwner/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /workspace\.transferOwnership/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /<SelectItem value="owner">/);
 });

web/tests/unit/oss-cloud-ui-privacy.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const currentDirectory = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const webRoot = path.resolve(currentDirectory, '../..');
+
+function readSource(relativePath) {
+  return fs.readFileSync(path.join(webRoot, relativePath), 'utf8');
+}
+
+const homeSidebarSource = readSource(
+  'src/app/home/components/home-sidebar/HomeSidebar.tsx',
+);
+const botFormSource = readSource(
+  'src/app/home/bots/components/bot-form/BotForm.tsx',
+);
+const kbFormSource = readSource(
+  'src/app/home/knowledge/components/kb-form/KBForm.tsx',
+);
+const settingsDialogSource = readSource(
+  'src/app/home/components/settings-dialog/SettingsDialog.tsx',
+);
+const pluginPageSource = readSource('src/app/home/plugin-pages/page.tsx');
+const authenticatedPluginResourceSource = readSource(
+  'src/hooks/useAuthenticatedPluginResource.ts',
+);
+
+test('hides the entire workspace switcher slot for a singleton local workspace', () => {
+  assert.match(homeSidebarSource, /useWorkspaceBootstrap/);
+  assert.match(
+    homeSidebarSource,
+    /const showWorkspaceSwitcher\s*=\s*workspaces\.length\s*>\s*1\s*\|\|\s*currentWorkspace\?\.workspace\.source\s*===\s*'cloud_projection'/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    homeSidebarSource,
+    /\{showWorkspaceSwitcher\s*&&\s*\(\s*<div className="px-2[^>]*>\s*<WorkspaceSwitcher/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('keeps bot cards at the same vertical spacing as knowledge-base cards', () => {
+  assert.match(
+    botFormSource,
+    /<fieldset className="space-y-6" disabled=\{isLoading\}>/,
+  );
+  assert.match(kbFormSource, /<form[\s\S]*?className="space-y-6"/);
+});
+
+test('does not expose storage analysis in Cloud settings or via a deep link', () => {
+  assert.match(
+    homeSidebarSource,
+    /canViewStorageAnalysis\s*&&\s*\(\s*<DropdownMenuItem[\s\S]*?openSettings\('storageAnalysis'\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    settingsDialogSource,
+    /const canViewStorageAnalysis\s*=\s*currentWorkspace\?\.workspace\.source\s*!==\s*'cloud_projection'\s*&&\s*canViewAudit/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    settingsDialogSource,
+    /item\.id === 'storageAnalysis'[\s\S]*?return canViewStorageAnalysis/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    settingsDialogSource,
+    /section === 'storageAnalysis' && !canViewStorageAnalysis/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    settingsDialogSource,
+    /section === 'storageAnalysis' &&\s*canViewStorageAnalysis &&\s*\(\s*<StorageAnalysisPanel/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('loads plugin pages through the authenticated Workspace-scoped asset route', () => {
+  assert.match(pluginPageSource, /useAuthenticatedPluginAsset/);
+  assert.match(
+    pluginPageSource,
+    /useAuthenticatedPluginAsset\(\s*author,\s*pluginName,\s*pagePath,?\s*\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(pluginPageSource, /src=\{assetUrl\}/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(pluginPageSource, /getPluginAssetURL\(/);
+  assert.match(pluginPageSource, /plugins\.loadFailed/);
+  assert.match(pluginPageSource, /loadedAssetUrl !== assetUrl/);
+});
+
+test('revokes and reloads authenticated plugin resources when the Workspace changes', () => {
+  assert.match(authenticatedPluginResourceSource, /useCurrentWorkspace/);
+  assert.match(
+    authenticatedPluginResourceSource,
+    /const workspaceUuid = currentWorkspace\?\.workspace\.uuid;/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    authenticatedPluginResourceSource,
+    /\[author, name, filepath, resourceKey\]/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    authenticatedPluginResourceSource,
+    /resource\.key === resourceKey \? resource\.url : ''/,
+  );
+});

web/tests/unit/quota-create-actions.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+const root = process.cwd();
+const quotaPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/components/workspace-quota/useWorkspaceQuotaStatus.ts',
+);
+const sidebarPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/components/home-sidebar/HomeSidebar.tsx',
+);
+const tooltipPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/components/workspace-quota/WorkspaceQuotaTooltip.tsx',
+);
+const baseTooltipPath = path.join(root, 'src/components/ui/tooltip.tsx');
+const addExtensionPath = path.join(root, 'src/app/home/add-extension/page.tsx');
+const marketPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/PluginMarketComponent.tsx',
+);
+const marketCardPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/plugin-market-card/PluginMarketCardComponent.tsx',
+);
+const recommendationPath = path.join(
+  root,
+  'src/app/home/plugins/components/plugin-market/RecommendationLists.tsx',
+);
+const zhPath = path.join(root, 'src/i18n/locales/zh-Hans.ts');
+
+test('workspace quota hook exposes reached states for every creatable resource', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    fs.existsSync(quotaPath),
+    true,
+    'workspace quota hook is missing',
+  );
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(quotaPath, 'utf8');
+  for (const token of [
+    'botsReached',
+    'pipelinesReached',
+    'knowledgeBasesReached',
+    'extensionsReached',
+    'max_bots',
+    'max_pipelines',
+    'max_knowledge_bases',
+    'max_extensions',
+  ]) {
+    assert.match(source, new RegExp(token));
+  }
+});
+
+test('sidebar quota-disables create controls and renders a tooltip', () => {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(sidebarPath, 'utf8');
+  const tooltip = fs.readFileSync(tooltipPath, 'utf8');
+  const baseTooltip = fs.readFileSync(baseTooltipPath, 'utf8');
+  assert.match(source, /useWorkspaceQuotaStatus/);
+  assert.match(source, /quota\.disabled/);
+  assert.match(source, /disabled=\{quota\.disabled\}/);
+  assert.match(source, /WorkspaceQuotaTooltip/);
+  assert.match(tooltip, /TooltipContent/);
+  assert.match(tooltip, /limitation\.createDisabledTooltip/);
+  assert.match(tooltip, /limitation\.quotaLoadingTooltip/);
+  assert.match(tooltip, /tabIndex=\{0\}/);
+  assert.match(tooltip, /max-w-72 text-left/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(tooltip, /text-center/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(baseTooltip, /text-balance/);
+  assert.match(source, /config\.id === 'add-extension'/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    source,
+    /config\.id === 'add-extension'\s*\?\s*quotaStatus\.extensions/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('add-extension page disables all install entry points at the quota', () => {
+  const page = fs.readFileSync(addExtensionPath, 'utf8');
+  const market = fs.readFileSync(marketPath, 'utf8');
+  const card = fs.readFileSync(marketCardPath, 'utf8');
+  const recommendations = fs.readFileSync(recommendationPath, 'utf8');
+
+  assert.match(page, /extensionsReached/);
+  assert.match(page, /installDisabled=\{extensionsReached\}/);
+  assert.match(page, /disabled=\{extensionsReached/);
+  assert.match(page, /limitation\.createDisabledTooltip/);
+  assert.match(market, /installDisabled/);
+  assert.match(card, /installDisabled/);
+  assert.match(card, /disabled=\{installDisabled\}/);
+  assert.match(card, /TooltipContent/);
+  assert.match(card, /max-w-72 text-left/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(card, /max-w-72 text-center/);
+  assert.match(recommendations, /installDisabled=\{installDisabled\}/);
+  assert.match(
+    recommendations,
+    /installDisabledTooltip=\{installDisabledTooltip\}/,
+  );
+  assert.match(page, /quota=\{extensionQuota\}/);
+});
+
+test('extension confirmation checks fail closed and enter an in-flight state first', () => {
+  const page = fs.readFileSync(addExtensionPath, 'utf8');
+
+  assert.match(page, /limitation\.quotaCheckFailed/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(page, /If we can't check, let backend handle it/);
+  assert.match(
+    page,
+    /setGithubInstallStatus\(GithubInstallStatus\.INSTALLING\);\s+if \(!\(await checkExtensionsLimit\(\)\)\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    page,
+    /setGithubInstallStatus\(GithubInstallStatus\.SKILL_INSTALLING\);\s+if \(!\(await checkExtensionsLimit\(\)\)\)/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('quota tooltip copy is localized in Simplified Chinese', () => {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(zhPath, 'utf8');
+  assert.match(source, /createDisabledTooltip/);
+  assert.match(source, /已达到.*上限/);
+  assert.match(source, /删除.*后再/);
+});

web/tests/unit/space-launch-callback.test.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+const source = fs.readFileSync(
+  new URL('../../src/app/auth/space/callback/page.tsx', import.meta.url),
+  'utf8',
+);
+
+test('direct launch assertion is fragment-only and removed before exchange', () => {
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /searchParams\.get\(['"]launch_assertion['"]\)/);
+  const readIndex = source.indexOf("fragmentParams.get('launch_assertion')");
+  const clearIndex = source.indexOf('window.history.replaceState');
+  const exchangeIndex = source.indexOf('handleOAuthCallback(', clearIndex);
+  assert.ok(readIndex >= 0, 'fragment assertion read is missing');
+  assert.ok(
+    clearIndex > readIndex,
+    'URL fragment is not cleared after copying the assertion',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    exchangeIndex > clearIndex,
+    'assertion exchange starts before the fragment is cleared',
+  );
+});

web/tests/unit/workspace-switcher-layout.test.mjs

@@ -50,15 +50,22 @@ test('places WorkspaceSwitcher between the sidebar header and Home navigation',
   );
 });
 
-test('shows WorkspaceSwitcher for a current Cloud or OSS workspace even when it is the only workspace', () => {
+test('hides WorkspaceSwitcher for the singleton local OSS workspace and keeps it for Cloud or multiple workspaces', () => {
   assert.match(
     workspaceSwitcherSource,
     /if \(!currentWorkspace\) return null;/,
   );
-  assert.doesNotMatch(workspaceSwitcherSource, /workspaces\.length\s*<=\s*1/);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(
+  assert.match(
     homeSidebarSource,
-    /currentWorkspace\?\.workspace\.source\s*===\s*'cloud_projection'[\s\S]{0,200}<WorkspaceSwitcher/,
+    /const workspaces = useWorkspaceBootstrap\(\);/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    homeSidebarSource,
+    /const showWorkspaceSwitcher\s*=\s*workspaces\.length\s*>\s*1\s*\|\|\s*currentWorkspace\?\.workspace\.source\s*===\s*'cloud_projection'/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    homeSidebarSource,
+    /\{showWorkspaceSwitcher\s*&&\s*\(\s*<div className="px-2[^>]*>[\s\S]*?<WorkspaceSwitcher/,
   );
 });